J. D. Hawkins, W. Shull, T. B. Reynolds, M. Dowley
The He-Cd laser has been in commercial development for about 5 years. Compared with the established He–Ne laser, cadmium laser technology is comparatively young. There are numerous similarities between the two laser types, but there are also substantial differences.
{"title":"Low-power low-cost blue lasers","authors":"J. D. Hawkins, W. Shull, T. B. Reynolds, M. Dowley","doi":"10.1364/cleos.1976.we5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleos.1976.we5","url":null,"abstract":"The He-Cd laser has been in commercial development for about 5 years. Compared with the established He–Ne laser, cadmium laser technology is comparatively young. There are numerous similarities between the two laser types, but there are also substantial differences.","PeriodicalId":301658,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Laser and Electrooptical Systems","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131979620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This presentation will be a review of current, un-classified, high-power gas-laser technology. Here high power is defined as exceeding 1000-W average power. Because almost all industrial applications that use gas lasers use the cw electrically excited CO2 laser, this device will be emphasized. A brief discussion of other high-power gas lasers, such as CO, TEA CO2, chemical, excitation-transfer, and excimer lasers, will also be included as these lasers may be candidates for future industrial systems.
{"title":"High-power gas lasers","authors":"T. Fahlen","doi":"10.1364/cleos.1976.wb1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleos.1976.wb1","url":null,"abstract":"This presentation will be a review of current, un-classified, high-power gas-laser technology. Here high power is defined as exceeding 1000-W average power. Because almost all industrial applications that use gas lasers use the cw electrically excited CO2 laser, this device will be emphasized. A brief discussion of other high-power gas lasers, such as CO, TEA CO2, chemical, excitation-transfer, and excimer lasers, will also be included as these lasers may be candidates for future industrial systems.","PeriodicalId":301658,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Laser and Electrooptical Systems","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130169201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The accuracy of satellite laser ranging systems has been improved from several meters to the present limit of 5-10 cm. Geodetic research in earthquake prediction, continental drift, polar motion, and gravitational-field modeling now requires range accuracies approaching 2 cm. The present hardware limitation has been the lack of a stable, short-pulse (<0.5-nsec), high-power (>1-GW) laser and matching receiver electronics. Such a system has been developed by GTE Sylvania for the Institut für Angewandte Geodäsie, FRG, and it is expected to become operational in mid 1976. This system is capable of ranging to all present and proposed geodetic satellites including GEOS, STARLETTE, and LAGEOS. Lunar ranging is also possible with modifications to system timing, software control, and data processing.
{"title":"High-accuracy satellite laser ranging system","authors":"D. A. Byrns, S. C. Morford","doi":"10.1364/cleos.1976.tuc6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleos.1976.tuc6","url":null,"abstract":"The accuracy of satellite laser ranging systems has been improved from several meters to the present limit of 5-10 cm. Geodetic research in earthquake prediction, continental drift, polar motion, and gravitational-field modeling now requires range accuracies approaching 2 cm. The present hardware limitation has been the lack of a stable, short-pulse (<0.5-nsec), high-power (>1-GW) laser and matching receiver electronics. Such a system has been developed by GTE Sylvania for the Institut für Angewandte Geodäsie, FRG, and it is expected to become operational in mid 1976. This system is capable of ranging to all present and proposed geodetic satellites including GEOS, STARLETTE, and LAGEOS. Lunar ranging is also possible with modifications to system timing, software control, and data processing.","PeriodicalId":301658,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Laser and Electrooptical Systems","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132915801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes explorations of the commercial feasibility of large-scale laser displays for advertising and other commercial purposes. Consideration is given to the required information density, raster scanning vs path control, and open vs closed loop operation of scanners.
{"title":"Large scale laser display systems for commercial applications using path controlled galvanometers","authors":"Peter Selverstone, E. Grenda","doi":"10.1364/cleos.1976.tud8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleos.1976.tud8","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes explorations of the commercial feasibility of large-scale laser displays for advertising and other commercial purposes. Consideration is given to the required information density, raster scanning vs path control, and open vs closed loop operation of scanners.","PeriodicalId":301658,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Laser and Electrooptical Systems","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123992020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Photosensitive electrooptic crystals, such as iron-doped lithium niobate crystals, are attractive materials for image storage processing and display applications, since large size crystals with good optical quality are now available, and sensitivity improvement has been achieved by iron doping. Considering the doping level and oxidation state (ratio Fe3+/Fe2+), quite different behaviors for image storage are observed.
{"title":"Image storage display and processing in photosensitive electrooptic crystals: LiNbO3:Fe","authors":"J. Huignard, J. Herriau, F. Micheron","doi":"10.1364/cleos.1976.thb8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleos.1976.thb8","url":null,"abstract":"Photosensitive electrooptic crystals, such as iron-doped lithium niobate crystals, are attractive materials for image storage processing and display applications, since large size crystals with good optical quality are now available, and sensitivity improvement has been achieved by iron doping. Considering the doping level and oxidation state (ratio Fe3+/Fe2+), quite different behaviors for image storage are observed.","PeriodicalId":301658,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Laser and Electrooptical Systems","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130175017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over the past several years several companies have manufactured and sold multikilowatt CO2 lasers for industrial applications. The purpose of this paper is to review the technology embodied in these lasers and to present the nature and utility of the applications. Included in the laser technology section are slow flow, rapid flow, and cross flow lasers. The applications include cutting, welding, and surface heat treating. Appropriate examples of each application will be shown.
{"title":"High power industrial CO2 lasers and their applications","authors":"Edward B. Locke","doi":"10.1364/cleos.1976.tub1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleos.1976.tub1","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past several years several companies have manufactured and sold multikilowatt CO2 lasers for industrial applications. The purpose of this paper is to review the technology embodied in these lasers and to present the nature and utility of the applications. Included in the laser technology section are slow flow, rapid flow, and cross flow lasers. The applications include cutting, welding, and surface heat treating. Appropriate examples of each application will be shown.","PeriodicalId":301658,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Laser and Electrooptical Systems","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125598885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optical videodisk mastering and replicating can be summarized as follows: first, enough small marks are made on a 12-in. diam disk to define 30 min of good video. Then the marks are duplicated cheaply and accurately enough to give the consumer good TV on a disk he can afford.
{"title":"Mastering and replicating of optical videodisks","authors":"J. Winslow","doi":"10.1364/cleos.1976.tua5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleos.1976.tua5","url":null,"abstract":"Optical videodisk mastering and replicating can be summarized as follows: first, enough small marks are made on a 12-in. diam disk to define 30 min of good video. Then the marks are duplicated cheaply and accurately enough to give the consumer good TV on a disk he can afford.","PeriodicalId":301658,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Laser and Electrooptical Systems","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123196381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Salzman, J. M. Crowell, B. J. Price, K. M. Hansen, M. Ingram, P. Mullaney
Light-scattering techniques represent an appealing approach to the flow-system analysis and sorting of mammalian cells because they do not require fixation and staining, procedures that kill the cells and can introduce artifacts. A flow-system instrument has been developed1,2 at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory in which the intensity of light scattered by a cell as it passes through a focused laser beam is measured simultaneously at up to 32 angles between 0° and 21° with respect to the laser beam, and the scatter pattern is transferred to a computer for analysis.
{"title":"Scattering techniques to detect and record various human cell types","authors":"G. Salzman, J. M. Crowell, B. J. Price, K. M. Hansen, M. Ingram, P. Mullaney","doi":"10.1364/cleos.1976.wh2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleos.1976.wh2","url":null,"abstract":"Light-scattering techniques represent an appealing approach to the flow-system analysis and sorting of mammalian cells because they do not require fixation and staining, procedures that kill the cells and can introduce artifacts. A flow-system instrument has been developed1,2 at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory in which the intensity of light scattered by a cell as it passes through a focused laser beam is measured simultaneously at up to 32 angles between 0° and 21° with respect to the laser beam, and the scatter pattern is transferred to a computer for analysis.","PeriodicalId":301658,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Laser and Electrooptical Systems","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115927195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In any laser fusion scheme dependent on adiabatic implosion of the fusion target, it is of the utmost importance to illuminate the target uniformly over its entire surface area. A convenient method of providing illumination over the entire spherical surface from two beams was proposed by Thomas.1 In this method, a catadioptric system is employed, involving a fast (NA 0.7) lens and a pair of ellipsoidal mirrors of eccentricity ⅓. Subsequent refinements of this scheme have been developed at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory.2
{"title":"Design of illumination systems for two-beam laser fusion experiments","authors":"A. Glass, E. Goodwin, J. Trenholme","doi":"10.1364/cleos.1976.thd4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleos.1976.thd4","url":null,"abstract":"In any laser fusion scheme dependent on adiabatic implosion of the fusion target, it is of the utmost importance to illuminate the target uniformly over its entire surface area. A convenient method of providing illumination over the entire spherical surface from two beams was proposed by Thomas.1 In this method, a catadioptric system is employed, involving a fast (NA 0.7) lens and a pair of ellipsoidal mirrors of eccentricity ⅓. Subsequent refinements of this scheme have been developed at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory.2","PeriodicalId":301658,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Laser and Electrooptical Systems","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116150773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper reviews the various applications for which lasers have been employed in the microelectronics industry. The applications encompass the integrated circuit technologies, including SICs and thin and thick film HICs. General topics covered include the fabrication, inspection, and repair of masks, wafer scribing, and passive and active trimming of devices.
{"title":"Laser applications In microelectronics","authors":"Vincent J. Zaleckas","doi":"10.1364/cleos.1976.tub4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleos.1976.tub4","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews the various applications for which lasers have been employed in the microelectronics industry. The applications encompass the integrated circuit technologies, including SICs and thin and thick film HICs. General topics covered include the fabrication, inspection, and repair of masks, wafer scribing, and passive and active trimming of devices.","PeriodicalId":301658,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Laser and Electrooptical Systems","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125803206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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