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Conhecimento geológico do material mineral uma contribuição para arqueologia: conceitos e características petrográficas 矿物的地质知识对考古学的贡献:岩石学的概念和特征
Pub Date : 2023-05-31 DOI: 10.56814/pecen.v7i1.1915
T. Garrido
Arenito, calcário, flint, mármore, granito, gnaisse e obsidiana, são pedras frequentemente mencionadas na literatura tendo sido utilizadas há milhares de anos como material para a fabricação de objetos, utensílios, ferramentas e edificações.Este trabalho aborda a matéria-prima geológica utilizada em tempos primórdios da vida do homem primitivo, tem o objetivo de esclarecer a natureza mineral, conceitos e características petrográficas. Trata-se de artefatos líticos constituídos de rochas, minerais silicosos, e mineralóides, de estruturas cristalina, microcristalina, criptocristalina e amorfa. Esses materiais possuem natureza coesa, dureza alta (± 7, escala Mohs), grande resistência à alteração e fraturamento em lascas, assim, representaram importantes elementos para várias aplicações. São mencionados, ainda, os materiais pétreos das primeiras edificações e objetos domésticos de argila e cerâmica. Soma-se ao trabalho a caracterização dos pigmentos inorgânicos em ocres, provenientes de óxi-hidróxidos de metais observados em pinturas rupestres. Tais materiais pétreos e metálicos foram efetivamente frequentes e significativos, e representam uma oportunidade potencial de se estudar as transformações vivenciadas pelos povos primitivos.
砂岩、石灰石、燧石、大理石、花岗岩、片麻岩和黑曜石是文献中经常提到的石头,数千年来一直被用作制造物品、工具、工具和建筑的材料。本文探讨了原始人早期使用的地质原料,旨在阐明矿物的性质、概念和岩石学特征。它们是由岩石、硅质矿物和类矿物、晶体、微晶、隐晶和无定形结构组成的岩屑制品。这些材料具有粘性,高硬度(±7,莫氏尺度),抗蚀性强,抗碎屑断裂,因此是各种应用的重要元素。还提到了早期建筑的石头材料以及粘土和陶瓷的家居用品。此外,还对岩石绘画中观察到的金属氢氧化物中赭石中的无机颜料进行了表征。这些石头和金属材料确实是频繁和重要的,并代表了一个潜在的机会来研究原始民族经历的转变。
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引用次数: 0
Uso do tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatumMeyer) em cosmético: caracterização química e elaboração de sabonetes artesanais tucuma (Astrocaryum aculeatumMeyer)在化妆品中的应用:手工肥皂的化学特性和制备
Pub Date : 2023-05-31 DOI: 10.56814/pecen.v7i1.1925
Edriely Vilena de Oliveira, Ruandra Kaienne da Silva Laranjeira, K. Yamaguchi
A Amazônia apresenta inúmeras frutas nativas com potencial econômico, tecnológico, nutricional e de sabores e aromas inigualáveis, dentre eles o tucumã. O objetivo deste artigo foi determinar as características química das cascas e cascas do tucumã e elaborar um sabonete artesanal utilizando essa matéria prima. Foi realizado a prospecção fitoquímica clássica e a determinação do perfil químico por cromatografia em camada delgada associado a análise da capacidade antioxidante e elaboração de sabonetes artesanais. A partir do produto, foram realizados testes físico-químicos e análise sensorial. Detectou-se a presença de substâncias fenólicas e catequina e capacidade antioxidante no extrato das cascas e polpa. Na análise físico-química, os sabonetes apresentaram cremosidade, emoliencia e uma boa aceitação dos provadores. Este estudo abre a perspectiva de agregar valor a casca de tucumã e do uso integral para utilização industrial e de forma sustentável do fruto.
亚马逊地区有许多具有经济、技术和营养潜力的本地水果,其中包括tucuma。本文的目的是确定tucuma的树皮和树皮的化学特性,并利用这种原料制作手工肥皂。进行了经典的植物化学勘探,并通过薄层色谱法测定化学剖面,结合抗氧化能力分析和手工皂的制备。对产品进行了理化测试和感官分析。检测了果皮和果肉提取物中酚类物质和儿茶素的存在以及抗氧化能力。在理化分析中,香皂具有乳脂性、润肤性和良好的接受度。本研究开启了增加tucuma果皮价值的前景,并以可持续的方式充分利用该水果的工业利用。
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引用次数: 0
Some comments on radiobiological models and the consistent Taylor series model. 关于放射生物学模型和一致泰勒级数模型的几点评论。
Pub Date : 2023-05-31 DOI: 10.56814/pecen.v7i1.1987
G. Alvarez, D. Lobão
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引用次数: 0
Numerical Simulation of the Production of Core-Shell Microparticles 核-壳微粒生成的数值模拟
Pub Date : 2023-04-28 DOI: 10.5433/1679-0375.2023.v44.47206
C. Fernandes, L. L. Ferrás, A. Afonso
Conventional methods that are commonly used for the preparation of microbubble delivery systems include sonication, high-shear emulsification, and membrane emulsification. However, these methods present significant disadvantages, namely, poor control over the particle size and distribution. To date, engineering core-shell microparticles remains a challenging task. Thus, there is a demand for new techniques that can enable control over the size, composition, stability, and uniformity of microparticles. Microfluidic techniques offer great advantages in the fabrication of microparticles over the conventional processes because they require mild and inert processing conditions. In this work, we present a numerical study based on the finite volume method, for the development of capsules by considering the rheological properties of three phases, air, a perfluorohexane (C6 F14) and a polymeric solution constituted of a solution of 0.25% w/v alginate. This methodology allows studying the stability and behavior of microparticles under different processing conditions.
通常用于制备微泡输送系统的常规方法包括超声、高剪切乳化和膜乳化。然而,这些方法存在明显的缺点,即对粒度和分布的控制较差。迄今为止,核壳微粒子的工程设计仍然是一项具有挑战性的任务。因此,需要能够控制微粒的大小、组成、稳定性和均匀性的新技术。与传统工艺相比,微流控技术在制造微颗粒方面具有很大的优势,因为它们需要温和和惰性的加工条件。在这项工作中,我们提出了一个基于有限体积法的数值研究,通过考虑三相,空气,全氟己烷(C6 F14)和由0.25% w/v海藻酸盐溶液组成的聚合物溶液的流变性能来开发胶囊。该方法允许在不同的加工条件下研究微颗粒的稳定性和行为。
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引用次数: 0
Bench X-ray microtomography of water-salt solution/oil injected into samples of the Botucatu formation boucatu地层水盐溶液/油注入样品的台式x射线显微层析成像
Pub Date : 2023-01-18 DOI: 10.5433/1679-0375.2022v43n2p199
L. C. Marques, C. Appoloni
This paper provides a report on the utilization of the X-ray microtomography to obtain images of the internal microstructure of natural sandstone samples from the Botucatu Formation. Its primary objective was to identify the different phases of fluids when injected into the samples to evaluate the various phases through grayscale histograms obtained from 2-D images, quantification of fluid phases, and generation of 3-D images of them. The fluids used in the experiments comprised one type of commercial oil, one type of industrial oil, and an water-salt solution. Quantitative results from 2-D and 3-D analyzes are presented and compared to the volume of injected solution and the measured volume. The phase size distributions indicated which pore radii had a more relevant participation in the percolation of fluids through the samples. Projections in conjunction with 2-D images and profiles of average percentages of air-filled pores indicated the occurrence of preferential percolation flow paths.  The 2-D images allowed the measurement of the contact angle between the phases present in the sample containing industrial oil. Different measurements taken from the sample containing commercial oil showed capillary effects indicated by the average percentage profiles of air-filled pores in the 2-D images.
本文报道了利用x射线显微层析成像技术获取博图卡图组天然砂岩样品内部微观结构的图像。其主要目的是识别注入样品时流体的不同相,通过从二维图像中获得的灰度直方图,定量流体相,并生成它们的三维图像来评估各种相。实验中使用的液体包括一种商业油、一种工业油和一种水盐溶液。给出了二维和三维分析的定量结果,并将其与注入溶液的体积和测量体积进行了比较。相尺寸分布表明,哪个孔半径对流体通过样品的渗透有更相关的参与。结合二维图像和平均充气孔隙百分比剖面图的投影表明存在优先渗流路径。二维图像允许测量含有工业油的样品中存在的相之间的接触角。从含有商品油的样品中进行的不同测量显示,毛细管效应由二维图像中充满空气的孔隙的平均百分比曲线表示。
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引用次数: 0
Why much of Chemistry may be indisputably non-bonded? 为什么很多化学物质都是无键的?
Pub Date : 2023-01-18 DOI: 10.5433/1679-0375.2022v43n2p211
B. G. Oliveira
In this compendium, the wide scope of all intermolecular interactions ever known has been revisited, in particular giving emphasis the capability of much of the elements of the periodic table to form non-covalent contacts. Either hydrogen bonds, dihydrogen bonds, halogen bonds, pnictogen bonds, chalcogen bonds, triel bonds, tetrel bonds, regium bonds, spodium bonds or even the aerogen bond interactions may be cited. Obviously that experimental techniques have been used in some works, but it was through the theoretical methods that these interactions were validate, wherein the QTAIM integrations and SAPT energy partitions have been useful in this regard. Therefore, the great goal concerns to elucidate the interaction strength and if the intermolecular system shall be total, partial or non-covalently bonded, wherein this last one encompasses the most majority of the intermolecular interactions what leading to affirm that chemistry is debatably non-bonded.
在本简编中,重新审视了迄今为止已知的所有分子间相互作用的广泛范围,特别强调了元素周期表中许多元素形成非共价接触的能力。可以列举氢键、二氢键、卤键、磷原键、硫属键、三烯键、四烯键、区域键、锂键或甚至气原键相互作用。显然,实验技术已经在一些工作中使用,但正是通过理论方法验证了这些相互作用,其中QTAIM积分和SAPT能量分配在这方面是有用的。因此,主要目标是阐明相互作用强度,以及分子间系统是完全、部分还是非共价键合的,其中最后一个包含了大多数分子间相互作用,从而确认化学是有争议的非键合。
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引用次数: 0
Short text classification applied to item description: Some methods evaluation 短文本分类在项目描述中的应用:一些评价方法
Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.5433/1679-0375.2022v43n2p189
Gilsiley Henrique Darú, Felipe Daltrozo da Motta Motta, Antonio Castelo, G. Loch
The increasing demand for information classification based on content in the age of social media and e-commerce has led to the need for automated product classification using their descriptions. This study aims to evaluate various techniques for this task, with a focus on descriptions written in Portuguese. A pipeline is implemented to preprocess the data, including lowercasing, accent removal, and unigram tokenization. The bag of words method is then used to convert text into numerical data, and five classification techniques are applied: argmaxtf, argmaxtfnorm, argmaxtfidf from information retrieval, and two machine learning methods logistic regression and support vector machines. The performance of each technique is evaluated using simple accuracy via thirty-fold cross validation. The results show that logistic regression achieves the highest mean accuracy among the evaluated techniques.
在社交媒体和电子商务时代,对基于内容的信息分类的需求日益增加,导致需要使用其描述进行自动产品分类。本研究旨在评估这项任务的各种技术,重点是用葡萄牙语写的描述。实现了一个管道来预处理数据,包括小写、重音去除和单字符标记化。然后使用词袋方法将文本转换为数值数据,并应用了五种分类技术:argmaxtf、argmaxtfnorm、argmaxtfidf,以及两种机器学习方法逻辑回归和支持向量机。每种技术的性能通过30倍交叉验证使用简单的准确性进行评估。结果表明,在评估的技术中,逻辑回归达到了最高的平均精度。
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引用次数: 1
Interferência da densidade de áreas verdes e da frequência de veículos nos níveis de pressão sonora: estudo de caso em Irati, Paraná 绿地密度和车辆频率对声压级的干扰:Irati案例研究,parana
Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.5433/1679-0375.2022v43n2p179
André de Souza Toniolo, Paulo Costa de Oliveira Filho, K. G. Martins, Juliana De Conto
O ruído é um problema da sociedade moderna e um poluente ambiental causado por atividades industriais, de tráfego, entre outras, podendo gerar problemas à saúde. Neste contexto, esse trabalho tem por finalidade avaliar o potencial de áreas verdes urbanas como barreira atenuadora de ruídos. Para isto, foi realizada uma análise de proximidade entre amostras de ruído mensurados em 10 locais da área urbana considerando a densidade de áreas verdes e a densidade de tráfego de veículos. Foi realizado o mapeamento por classe de níveis de tráfego urbano, das áreas verdes, no entorno de 10 pontos amostrais e calculadas as respectivas taxas de áreas verdes com uso de imagens orbitais de alta resolução espacial. Para as mesmas áreas foram calculadas densidades de tráfego urbano. Foi avaliada a influência atenuadora de ruídos devido a presença de maiores ou menores taxas de áreas verdes urbanas, caracterizadas como áreas verdes arbóreas e que possam funcionar como barreiras verticais verdes atenuadoras de ruídos, como também a interferência da frequência de veículos em função da densidade de tráfego veicular. Desta forma, buscou-se relações estatísticas entre os níveis de ruído encontrados e seus diferentes graus de urbanização. Os resultados demonstraram que as altas frequências de veículos, tanto a 100 como a 250 metros de proximidade dos pontos amostrais, influenciaram com maior intensidade de ruído e que as áreas verdes arbóreas reduziram marginalmente, porém tal redução não foi significativa.
噪音是现代社会的一个问题,是工业活动、交通等造成的环境污染物,可造成健康问题。在此背景下,本研究旨在评估城市绿地作为降噪屏障的潜力。为此,考虑到绿地密度和车辆交通密度,对10个城市区域的噪声样本进行了近距离分析。利用高空间分辨率轨道图像,对10个采样点附近的绿地进行城市交通等级测绘,并计算相应的绿地率。对于相同的区域,计算了城市交通密度。评价atenuadora噪音的影响由于的存在更大或更小的更低的区域城市绿地,是绿色的树,绿色壁垒垂直作用的频率的噪音,还干扰车辆交通车辆密度函数。因此,我们寻求发现的噪音水平与其不同程度的城市化之间的统计关系。结果表明,在距离采样点100米和250米的地方,车辆的高频率对噪声强度的影响较大,绿树面积略有减少,但这种减少并不显著。
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引用次数: 0
Carbonation of concretes containing LC³ cements with different supplementary materials 含有不同补充材料的LC³水泥的混凝土碳化
Pub Date : 2022-12-27 DOI: 10.5433/1679-0375.2022v43n2p161
C. Balestra, Gustavo Savaris, A. Y. Nakano, Ricardo Schneider
Due to the clinkerization process during the Portland cement production, large amounts of CO2 are emitted, increasing the effects related to climate change (approximately 5-10% of global CO2 emissions come from cement production), consequently, the seek for alternatives to mitigate these high emissions are necessary. The use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) to partial replace of Portand clinker/cement has been the subject of different research, including the use of LC3 cements (Limestone Calcined Clay Cements), where up to 50% of Portland clinker can be replaced, however, cement industry has already used othersupplementary cementitious materials with pozzolanic activities in commercial cements. In this sense, this work evaluates the performance of concretes containing LC3 mixtures with the presence of different SCM (silica fume, fly ash, sugarcane bagasse ash and açaí stone ash) regarding durability issues by carbonation. The results showed that all concretes with LC3 presented higher carbonation fronts in relation to the reference concrete, with Portland cement, due to the lower availability of calcium to react with the CO2 that penetrates into the concrete pores, so the adoption of curing procedures and coatings are recommended.
由于波特兰水泥生产过程中的熟料化过程,排放了大量的二氧化碳,增加了与气候变化有关的影响(全球约5-10%的二氧化碳排放来自水泥生产),因此,有必要寻求替代方案来缓解这些高排放。使用补充胶凝材料(SCM)部分替代Portand熟料/水泥一直是不同研究的主题,包括使用LC3水泥(石灰石煅烧粘土水泥),其中高达50%的波特兰熟料可以被替代,然而,水泥行业已经在商业水泥中使用了其他具有火山灰活性的补充胶凝物质。从这个意义上说,这项工作评估了含有LC3混合物的混凝土在存在不同SCM(硅灰、粉煤灰、甘蔗渣灰和açaístone灰)的情况下的碳化耐久性问题的性能。结果表明,与波特兰水泥的参考混凝土相比,所有含有LC3的混凝土都表现出更高的碳化前沿,因为钙与渗透到混凝土孔隙中的CO2反应的可用性较低,因此建议采用养护程序和涂层。
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引用次数: 0
An app for monitoring the population of Golden Mussels 一个监控金贻贝数量的应用程序
Pub Date : 2022-12-27 DOI: 10.5433/1679-0375.2022v43n2p171
Ricardo Vinicius Gonçalves Rosas, A. R. Costa, C. M. Dias, Charles H. X. B. Barbosa, José C. R. Silva, D. Pastore, R. Figueira
This work shows the construction of a simple, functional and real-time application to estimate the population dynamics of the Golden Mussel, an invasive species that has been causing great ecological and economic damage, particularly to the electricity sector by obstructing water collection routes of hydroelectric plant equipment. The tool Golden Mussel App, developed with Shiny package of the R©, programming language, aims to enable professionals engaged in harm reduction in the energy generation sector to follow the temporal evolution of populations, even without advanced knowledge about the mathematical modeling of the problem. In this way, the application configures itself as an auxiliary tool in the planning of actions to control the Golden Mussel
这项工作展示了一个简单、功能和实时的应用程序的构建,以估计金贻贝的种群动态,金贻贝是一种入侵物种,已经造成了巨大的生态和经济损害,特别是对电力部门,因为它阻碍了水力发电厂设备的集水路线。使用编程语言R©的Shiny软件包开发的工具Golden Mussel App旨在使从事能源生产部门减少危害的专业人员能够跟踪人口的时间演变,即使没有关于问题的数学建模的高级知识。通过这种方式,应用程序将自己配置为计划控制金贻贝的行动的辅助工具
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引用次数: 0
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Semina Ciencias Exatas e Tecnologicas
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