Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1364/domo.1998.dtud.15
P. Rodhe
In this report we take up some new aspects of optical beam-steering by means of liquid crystal spatial light modulators (SLM's). Our starting-point is that any form of modulation should modify the spectrum of an applied "carrier" [1]. To this end, we devote our interest to diffraction in the spectrum established by these SLM's [2], focussing on applications of smectics (either A* or C* [3]), because these materials have shown their potential, e.g., for rapid switching and small pixel size.
{"title":"Beam-Steering in the Spectrum of a Liquid Crystal Spatial Light Modulator","authors":"P. Rodhe","doi":"10.1364/domo.1998.dtud.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/domo.1998.dtud.15","url":null,"abstract":"In this report we take up some new aspects of optical beam-steering by means of liquid crystal spatial light modulators (SLM's). Our starting-point is that any form of modulation should modify the spectrum of an applied \"carrier\" [1]. To this end, we devote our interest to diffraction in the spectrum established by these SLM's [2], focussing on applications of smectics (either A* or C* [3]), because these materials have shown their potential, e.g., for rapid switching and small pixel size.","PeriodicalId":301804,"journal":{"name":"Diffractive Optics and Micro-Optics","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126863373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1364/domo.1996.dtha.1
R. Athale, K. Raj
Batch fabrication of multiple projects to spread the non-recurring costs and therefore reducing the cost of prototype custom circuits has been carried out for silicon integrated circuits (MOSIS). Recent efforts along this line include batch fabrication of optoelectronic devices through the CO-OP program. In this talk, we will discuss issues involved in providing multi-project foundry fabrication of diffractive optical elements through the binary optics approach. Cost comparison with other competing technologies will be made.
{"title":"Foundry fabrication for diffractive optical elements","authors":"R. Athale, K. Raj","doi":"10.1364/domo.1996.dtha.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/domo.1996.dtha.1","url":null,"abstract":"Batch fabrication of multiple projects to spread the non-recurring costs and therefore reducing the cost of prototype custom circuits has been carried out for silicon integrated circuits (MOSIS). Recent efforts along this line include batch fabrication of optoelectronic devices through the CO-OP program. In this talk, we will discuss issues involved in providing multi-project foundry fabrication of diffractive optical elements through the binary optics approach. Cost comparison with other competing technologies will be made.","PeriodicalId":301804,"journal":{"name":"Diffractive Optics and Micro-Optics","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123412397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1364/domo.1998.dtud.11
B. Dong, Rong Liu, B. Gu, Guo-zhen Yang
Nondiffracting beam has extensive applications such as optical alignment, surveying, industrial inspection, and optical interconnection. Recently, pseudo-nondiffracting beam (PNDB) has been proposed. All the PNDB’s, a single and two segments, are almost generated in the monochromatic light illuminating system.1-2
{"title":"Color pseudo-nondiffracting beams generated by diffractive phase elements","authors":"B. Dong, Rong Liu, B. Gu, Guo-zhen Yang","doi":"10.1364/domo.1998.dtud.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/domo.1998.dtud.11","url":null,"abstract":"Nondiffracting beam has extensive applications such as optical alignment, surveying, industrial inspection, and optical interconnection. Recently, pseudo-nondiffracting beam (PNDB) has been proposed. All the PNDB’s, a single and two segments, are almost generated in the monochromatic light illuminating system.1-2","PeriodicalId":301804,"journal":{"name":"Diffractive Optics and Micro-Optics","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121837101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Aoyama, Tsuyoshi Kurahashi, Daidou Uchida, M. Shinohara, T. Yamashita
Microoptic devices1,2) as shown in fig.1 are becoming standard optical components by recent development in optical imaging systems and fiber communication systems because of 2-D configuration facility and mass productivity using replicating technique3). In particular, LCD systems have been grown up very fast in these few years and will be a promising industrial field of microoptic devices. For this purpose, area size must be increased from a few mm to a few 10 cm, while μm feature size is still remained, and this is called giant microoptics.
{"title":"Giant Microoptics: Wide Applications in Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Systems","authors":"S. Aoyama, Tsuyoshi Kurahashi, Daidou Uchida, M. Shinohara, T. Yamashita","doi":"10.1364/domo.1996.dwb.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/domo.1996.dwb.1","url":null,"abstract":"Microoptic devices1,2) as shown in fig.1 are becoming standard optical components by recent development in optical imaging systems and fiber communication systems because of 2-D configuration facility and mass productivity using replicating technique3). In particular, LCD systems have been grown up very fast in these few years and will be a promising industrial field of microoptic devices. For this purpose, area size must be increased from a few mm to a few 10 cm, while μm feature size is still remained, and this is called giant microoptics.","PeriodicalId":301804,"journal":{"name":"Diffractive Optics and Micro-Optics","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124914578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A number of optical techniques for measuring the dynamic motions of fluids and solids are based on quasielastic light scattering and detection by light beating (dynamic interferometry). Most of the methods are used for scientific investigations. The set-ups are generally bulky and delicate to operate. A considerable reduction in size can be obtained by applying diffractive (or holographic) elements.1,2,3
{"title":"Waveguides and Diffractive Elements for Non-contact Sensors: Analysis","authors":"P. Dinesen, L. Lading, J. Lynov, J. Hesthaven","doi":"10.1364/domo.1998.dwb.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/domo.1998.dwb.5","url":null,"abstract":"A number of optical techniques for measuring the dynamic motions of fluids and solids are based on quasielastic light scattering and detection by light beating (dynamic interferometry). Most of the methods are used for scientific investigations. The set-ups are generally bulky and delicate to operate. A considerable reduction in size can be obtained by applying diffractive (or holographic) elements.1,2,3","PeriodicalId":301804,"journal":{"name":"Diffractive Optics and Micro-Optics","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122493377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1364/domo.1996.dtud.1
Steven Arnold
CGH null testing of aspheric optics was first demonstrated by MacGovern and Wyant in 1971 but has only recently become available as a commercial product. This talk describes a variety of CGH null test configurations using both commercial and customized interferometers. Several of the aspheres and their associated CGH nulls will be shown to exhibit various pathological traits.
{"title":"A Rogues’ Gallery of CGH Null Tests","authors":"Steven Arnold","doi":"10.1364/domo.1996.dtud.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/domo.1996.dtud.1","url":null,"abstract":"CGH null testing of aspheric optics was first demonstrated by MacGovern and Wyant in 1971 but has only recently become available as a commercial product. This talk describes a variety of CGH null test configurations using both commercial and customized interferometers. Several of the aspheres and their associated CGH nulls will be shown to exhibit various pathological traits.","PeriodicalId":301804,"journal":{"name":"Diffractive Optics and Micro-Optics","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122870213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1364/domo.1996.jtub.17
L. Neto, Y. Sheng
Computer-generated holograms (CGH's) have proved effective as non-periodic diffractive elements for beam shaping. The elements are usually designed with the iterative algorithms based on the Gerchberg-Saxton Algorithm [1-3]. However, the initial random phase and the phase freedom in the image plane used in those algorithms introduce speckle noise in the reconstructed image [4]. Several techniques have been proposed for designing speckle-free CGH's.
{"title":"Speckle-free phase Fresnel holograms and beam shaping elements","authors":"L. Neto, Y. Sheng","doi":"10.1364/domo.1996.jtub.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/domo.1996.jtub.17","url":null,"abstract":"Computer-generated holograms (CGH's) have proved effective as non-periodic diffractive elements for beam shaping. The elements are usually designed with the iterative algorithms based on the Gerchberg-Saxton Algorithm [1-3]. However, the initial random phase and the phase freedom in the image plane used in those algorithms introduce speckle noise in the reconstructed image [4]. Several techniques have been proposed for designing speckle-free CGH's.","PeriodicalId":301804,"journal":{"name":"Diffractive Optics and Micro-Optics","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132628862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We consider the implementation of several standard optical components by means of diffraction gratings. The motivation depends on the particular grating employed. A binary surface relief grating, in fused silica, for example, may provide greater robustness than, say, a multi-layer thin film. This is significant for high power laser systems. Alternatively, gratings manifesting the so-called guided-mode resonance (GMR) [1], or resonance type Wood anomaly, are of interest because ideally they give a very high performance for certain optical functions.
{"title":"Optimisation of guided-mode resonance and Bragg gratings designed using rigorous diffraction theory","authors":"B. Layet, M. Lightbody, M. Taghizadeh","doi":"10.1364/domo.1996.dwa.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/domo.1996.dwa.5","url":null,"abstract":"We consider the implementation of several standard optical components by means of diffraction gratings. The motivation depends on the particular grating employed. A binary surface relief grating, in fused silica, for example, may provide greater robustness than, say, a multi-layer thin film. This is significant for high power laser systems. Alternatively, gratings manifesting the so-called guided-mode resonance (GMR) [1], or resonance type Wood anomaly, are of interest because ideally they give a very high performance for certain optical functions.","PeriodicalId":301804,"journal":{"name":"Diffractive Optics and Micro-Optics","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133297526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1364/domo.1998.dtud.23
H. Abdeldayem, M. S. Paley, W. Witherow, D. Frazier
Polydiacetylenes are a very promising class of polymers for both photonic and electronic applications1-3 because of their highly conjugated structures. We, recently, have discovered the possibility of depositing a permanent holographic grating of information, made of polydiacetylene on a glass substrate. A novel technique for obtaining high quality thin films of a polydiacetylene derivative of 2-methyl-4-nitroaniline (PDAMNA) using photodeposition from monomer solutions onto UV transparent substrates was discovered by members of our group a few years back4. This compound was one of several asymmetric diacetylenes that were first studied extensively for their optical and electronic properties by Garito and co-workers in the late 1970s; however, their investigations did not include behavior in solutions5,6. PDAMNA films can be obtained readily from solutions of DAMNA in 1,2-dichloroethane by irradiation with UV light through a quartz or glass window, which serves as the substrate. This simple straightforward process yields transparent films with thickness on the order of 1μm7. To obtain PDAMNA thin films, a solution of DAMNA in 1,2-dichloroethane is placed inside a chamber shown in figure 1. DAMNA monomer strong absorption at 366nm. A hand-held 15W UV lamp placed directly in front of the substrate ( approximate radiation intensity of 800 μW/cm2 at 6 in.), a film of approximately 0.6 μm thickness is obtained after 24 hours of exposure.
{"title":"Photodeposition technique for restoring holographic films of polydiacetylene","authors":"H. Abdeldayem, M. S. Paley, W. Witherow, D. Frazier","doi":"10.1364/domo.1998.dtud.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/domo.1998.dtud.23","url":null,"abstract":"Polydiacetylenes are a very promising class of polymers for both photonic and electronic applications1-3 because of their highly conjugated structures. We, recently, have discovered the possibility of depositing a permanent holographic grating of information, made of polydiacetylene on a glass substrate. A novel technique for obtaining high quality thin films of a polydiacetylene derivative of 2-methyl-4-nitroaniline (PDAMNA) using photodeposition from monomer solutions onto UV transparent substrates was discovered by members of our group a few years back4. This compound was one of several asymmetric diacetylenes that were first studied extensively for their optical and electronic properties by Garito and co-workers in the late 1970s; however, their investigations did not include behavior in solutions5,6. PDAMNA films can be obtained readily from solutions of DAMNA in 1,2-dichloroethane by irradiation with UV light through a quartz or glass window, which serves as the substrate. This simple straightforward process yields transparent films with thickness on the order of 1μm7. To obtain PDAMNA thin films, a solution of DAMNA in 1,2-dichloroethane is placed inside a chamber shown in figure 1. DAMNA monomer strong absorption at 366nm. A hand-held 15W UV lamp placed directly in front of the substrate ( approximate radiation intensity of 800 μW/cm2 at 6 in.), a film of approximately 0.6 μm thickness is obtained after 24 hours of exposure.","PeriodicalId":301804,"journal":{"name":"Diffractive Optics and Micro-Optics","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133983922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1364/domo.1996.jtub.11
Guo-zhen Yang, Zhi–Yuan Li, B. Dong, B. Gu, Guoqing Zhang
As integrated circuit (IC) technology continues to push further into the submicrometer regime, considerable effort has been devoted to finding new approaches for extending the resolution limits of optical lithographic systems. The idea of using phase–shifting masks in optical lithography is one of such resolution–enhancing techniques and is commonly attributed to Levenson.1 The problem of the design of phase–shifting mask is how to determine the phase of the mask that produces a predesignated image. There are several approaches to deal with this problem such as simulated annealing algorithm2 and optimal coherent approximations.3 In this paper we present an approach of the design of the phase–shifting mask for the enhancement of optical resolution in lithography based on general theory of amplitude–phase retrieval in optical system and an iteration algorithm. For several model objects the numerical investigating results are given.
{"title":"Design of phase–shifting masks for enhanced–resolution optical lithography","authors":"Guo-zhen Yang, Zhi–Yuan Li, B. Dong, B. Gu, Guoqing Zhang","doi":"10.1364/domo.1996.jtub.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/domo.1996.jtub.11","url":null,"abstract":"As integrated circuit (IC) technology continues to push further into the submicrometer regime, considerable effort has been devoted to finding new approaches for extending the resolution limits of optical lithographic systems. The idea of using phase–shifting masks in optical lithography is one of such resolution–enhancing techniques and is commonly attributed to Levenson.1 The problem of the design of phase–shifting mask is how to determine the phase of the mask that produces a predesignated image. There are several approaches to deal with this problem such as simulated annealing algorithm2 and optimal coherent approximations.3 In this paper we present an approach of the design of the phase–shifting mask for the enhancement of optical resolution in lithography based on general theory of amplitude–phase retrieval in optical system and an iteration algorithm. For several model objects the numerical investigating results are given.","PeriodicalId":301804,"journal":{"name":"Diffractive Optics and Micro-Optics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114356479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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