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Women, Slavery, and the Archive: Innovations in Slavery Studies and Contemporary Connections 妇女,奴隶制和档案:奴隶制研究的创新和当代联系
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.5038/2157-7129.13.1.1330
Srividhya Swaminathan
“Women, Slavery, and the Archive: Innovations in Slavery Studies and Contemporary Connections” Early scholarship on slavery, abolition, and the British empire largely ignored the contribution of women of any race to the African Institution. British women who participated in boycotts, produced literary texts against African enslavement, and did the legwork of circulating petitions were relegated to footnotes until well into the twentieth century when women scholars began to create space in the canon for the unrecognized or under-recognized women writers. These new avenues of research evolved through decades to become more inclusive, more critical, and more ground-breaking in bringing the past into the present. I identify four important shifts in our understanding of British enslavement and abolition over the long eighteenth century: 1. recognition of (white) women’s work in the abolitionist campaigns; 2. recognition of the labor of enslaved women and their contributions to resistance; 3. recognition of women’s involvement in supporting as well as resisting slavery; 4. recognition of the erasure of people, and the violence of the archive that only validates recorded experiences. Recovering these various kinds of erasures has opened possibilities for new methods of analysis. The legacy of this work not only opened slavery studies to new methodologies of gender and intersectional analyses, but it also opened the archive to productive critique. The new avenues for slavery studies recovers the voices of silenced women and empowers scholar who wish to challenge established narratives. By reviewing the scholarly legacy of transatlantic slavery studies, we can also better appreciate the influence on the immediate present. Contemporary work on Black Lives Matter (abolition), 1619 Project , and the attempts to ban critical race theory address the importance of the transitions in scholarship and how their legacies can reshape the future.
“妇女、奴隶制和档案:奴隶制研究的创新和当代联系”早期关于奴隶制、废奴和大英帝国的学术研究在很大程度上忽视了任何种族的妇女对非洲制度的贡献。参与抵制运动、撰写反对非洲奴隶制度的文学作品、为散发请愿书做跑腿工作的英国女性被贬为注脚,直到20世纪,女性学者开始在经典中为未被认可或未被认可的女性作家创造空间。这些新的研究途径经过几十年的发展,在将过去带入现在方面变得更具包容性、更具批判性和更具开创性。我认为,在漫长的18世纪,我们对英国奴隶制和奴隶制废除的理解发生了四个重要转变:承认(白人)妇女在废奴运动中的工作;2. 承认被奴役妇女的劳动和她们为抵抗所作的贡献;3.承认妇女参与支持和抵制奴隶制;4. 承认对人的抹去,以及档案的暴力,只会证实记录下来的经历。恢复这些不同类型的擦除为新的分析方法提供了可能性。这项工作的遗产不仅为奴隶制研究打开了性别和交叉分析的新方法,而且也为富有成效的批评打开了档案。奴隶制研究的新途径恢复了沉默妇女的声音,并赋予了希望挑战既定叙述的学者权力。通过回顾跨大西洋奴隶制研究的学术遗产,我们也可以更好地理解对当前的影响。当代关于“黑人的命也重要”(废除)、“1619计划”(1619 Project)以及试图禁止批判性种族理论的工作,都强调了学术转型的重要性,以及他们的遗产如何重塑未来。
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引用次数: 0
Plotting the Plantationocene with The History of Mary Prince 用玛丽·普林斯的历史绘制种植园新世
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.5038/2157-7129.13.1.1343
Shelby Johnson
In this essay, I consider how The History of Mary Prince, A West Indian Slave, Related by Herself (1831) extends vital affordances for assembling a literary history of ecological rupture, settler colonialism, and transatlantic slavery. These insights arise from my experiences teaching Prince in “Plotting the Plantationocene in Early Atlantic Literature” (Fall 2021), a course which took up what it means to orient to historical formations of climate change as co-emergent with plantation systems. I argue that my students explored how figures like Prince open politically vibrant pathways for being in the world otherwise to plantation modernity.
在这篇文章中,我考虑了《玛丽·普林斯,一个西印度奴隶的历史》(1831)是如何为一部关于生态破裂、移民殖民主义和跨大西洋奴隶制的文学史提供了重要的佐证。这些见解来自我在“绘制早期大西洋文学中的种植园新世”(2021年秋季)中教授王子的经验,这门课程将气候变化的历史形成定位为与种植园系统共同出现的意义。我认为,我的学生们探索了像普林斯这样的人物是如何开辟了一条充满政治活力的道路,让他们在这个世界上以其他方式走向种植园式的现代性。
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引用次数: 0
Why Austen, not Burney? Tracing the Mechanisms of Reputation and Legacy 为什么是奥斯汀,而不是伯尼?追踪声誉和遗产的机制
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.5038/2157-7129.13.1.1328
Marilyn Francus
During the 200th anniversary of Austen’s death in 2017, the narrative of Austen’s rise to fame and her ongoing celebrity circulated throughout modern culture. But how did this happen? When Austen died in 1817, it was not obvious that Austen would become the archetypal British woman writer. Frances Burney was far more famous in her lifetime than Austen was in hers, and Burney’s novels (particularly Evelina and Cecilia) achieved as much, if not more, critical acclaim than Austen’s works. By comparing the afterlives of Jane Austen and Frances Burney, the factors that shape legacy come into focus—and scholars can use some of these factors to shape the legacy of British women writers today.
在2017年奥斯汀逝世200周年之际,奥斯汀成名的故事在现代文化中流传。但这是怎么发生的呢?当奥斯丁于1817年去世时,人们并不认为奥斯丁会成为英国女作家的典范。弗朗西丝·伯尼在世时比奥斯丁在世时名气大得多,伯尼的小说(尤其是《伊芙琳娜》和《塞西莉亚》)获得的评论界的赞誉与奥斯丁的作品一样多,甚至更多。通过比较简·奥斯丁和弗朗西丝·伯尼的身后生活,形成遗产的因素成为焦点——学者们可以利用其中的一些因素来塑造当今英国女作家的遗产。
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引用次数: 0
Introduction: Teaching The History of Mary Prince (1831), guest edited by Kerry Sinanan 简介:《玛丽·普林斯的历史教学》(1831),克里·西南客座编辑
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.5038/2157-7129.13.1.1360
Kerry. Sinanan
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引用次数: 0
The Black Wanderer: Reading the Black Diaspora, Resistance, and Becoming in The History of Mary Prince in the Classroom 《黑人流浪者:阅读玛丽·普林斯在课堂上的黑人流散、反抗和成长》
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.5038/2157-7129.13.1.1341
N. Carr
This paper examines The History of Mary Prince as a pedagogical tool for exploring complexities within the Black Diaspora. As Paul Gilroy’s articulations of the Black Atlantic inform my approach, Prince’s circuitous journey through the West Indies and England situates her process of becoming as one mired in longing and loss. Encouraging students to consider Prince as a wandering soul in search of not only freedom, but also solid familiar connections lays the foundation for merging her narrative with other enslaved Black people traversing countries and regions on ships against their will. Ample research material available on the survivors of the 1858 illegal ship enslaving Africans “Wanderer'' offer an opportunity to consider the constructions of Black Atlantic identities in which formerly enslaved Black people forge connections with each other while longing for a return to Africa. Additionally, Tessa Mars’ and Yinka Shonibare’s art forms a bridge for conceptualizing Black diasporic identities. Because the Caribbean is often perceived as a perpetual space of fantasy and play, The History of Mary Prince also challenges misconceptions of slavery as an institution peculiar to the United States. Of her brutal slaveholder sending her to another island, Prince expresses competing emotions, “At length he put me on board the sloop, and to my great joy he sent me away to Turk’s Island. I was not permitted to see my mother or father, or poor sisters and brothers, to say goodbye, though going away to a strange land, and might never see them again.” Encouraging students to consider Prince as a wandering soul in search of not only freedom but also solid familiar connections lays the groundwork for merging Prince’s narrative with other enslaved Black people traversing countries and regions on ships against their will. Ample research material available on the survivors of the 1858 illegal ship enslaving Africans “Wanderer” serves as my teaching tool for considering the constructions of Black Atlantic identities in which formerly enslaved Black people forge connections with each other while longing for a return to Africa. One of these survivors, Cilucängy, expressed in a letter his desire to return to his homeland: “I am bound for my old home if God be with me.” My essay also draws on student reactions to Yinka Shonibare’s art piece entitled “Wanderer.” Shonibare’s artwork forms the bridge for conceptualizing the more complex definitions of the Black Atlantic, Black Diaspora, and transnational identities.
本文考察了玛丽王子的历史作为一个教学工具,探索黑人侨民的复杂性。正如保罗·吉尔罗伊(Paul Gilroy)对《黑大西洋》(Black Atlantic)的阐释为我提供了参考,普林斯(Prince)穿越西印度群岛和英格兰的迂回旅程,将她变成一个陷入渴望和失落的人的过程置于其中。鼓励学生将普林斯视为一个流浪的灵魂,不仅在寻找自由,而且在寻找坚实的熟悉的联系,这为将她的叙述与其他被奴役的黑人违背自己的意愿乘船穿越国家和地区奠定了基础。关于1858年非法奴役非洲人的船只“漫游者号”的幸存者的大量研究资料提供了一个考虑黑人大西洋身份建构的机会,在这种身份建构中,以前被奴役的黑人在渴望返回非洲的同时彼此建立了联系。此外,Tessa Mars和Yinka Shonibare的艺术构成了概念化黑人流散身份的桥梁。因为加勒比海经常被认为是一个永恒的幻想和玩耍的空间,《玛丽·普林斯的历史》也挑战了奴隶制是美国特有制度的误解。关于她残忍的奴隶主把她送到另一个岛屿,普林斯表达了矛盾的情绪,“最后他把我放在单桅帆船上,让我非常高兴的是,他把我送到了特克岛。我不被允许去见我的父母,或者可怜的兄弟姐妹,说再见,尽管我要去一个陌生的地方,也许再也见不到他们了。”鼓励学生将普林斯视为一个流浪的灵魂,不仅在寻找自由,而且在寻找坚实的熟悉的联系,这为将普林斯的叙述与其他被奴役的黑人违背自己的意愿穿越国家和地区奠定了基础。关于1858年非法奴役非洲人的船只“流浪者”号的幸存者的大量研究资料是我考虑黑人大西洋身份建构的教学工具,在这种身份建构中,以前被奴役的黑人在渴望返回非洲的同时彼此建立了联系。其中一位幸存者Cilucängy在一封信中表达了他想回到家乡的愿望:“如果上帝与我同在,我将回到我的老家。”我的文章也借鉴了学生对Yinka Shonibare的艺术作品《漫游者》的反应。Shonibare的艺术作品构成了概念化黑人大西洋、黑人散居和跨国身份等更复杂定义的桥梁。
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引用次数: 0
Black Lives, White Witnesses: An Argument for a Presentist Approach to Teaching Aphra Behn's Oroonoko 《黑人的生活,白人的见证:阿芙拉·贝恩《奥鲁诺科》现代主义教学方法的论证》
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.5038/2157-7129.13.1.1322
Sharon Smith
This essay outlines a presentist approach to teaching Aphra Behn’s Oroonoko (1688), in which a white woman witnesses a Black man’s brutal execution at the hands of enslavers. This approach explores the capacity of Behn’s novel—a colonialist narrative scholars frequently identify as troubling or frustrating—to generate discussions about “white witnessing,” particularly white people’s consumption of images of Black people in peril. This includes recent videos of Black people killed by police or white citizen vigilantes. Many Black individuals identify these videos as traumatizing, frequently noting how they have failed to spur structural reform. Of central concern in the classroom discussion described in the essay is the sympathy white witnesses experience in response to images of racist violence, a feeling that can bring reassurance—even pleasure—to the white witness but that in and of itself does little, if anything, to address the systemic causes of such violence and may actually serve to sustain them. In addition to considering how instructors can draw upon this novel from the past to generate discussions about critical issues of the present, the essay describes how they might place Oroonoko in conversation with texts from diverse periods, places, and genres in order to expose the limitations of and fill the gaps in Behn’s narrative.
本文概述了一种现代主义的方法来教授阿芙拉·贝恩(Aphra Behn)的《奥罗诺科》(Oroonoko, 1688),其中一名白人妇女目睹了一名黑人男子在奴隶手中被残忍地处决。这种方法探索了贝恩小说的能力——学者们经常认为殖民主义叙事令人不安或沮丧——引发了关于“白人见证”的讨论,特别是白人对处于危险中的黑人形象的消费。这包括最近黑人被警察或白人公民义务警员杀害的视频。许多黑人认为这些视频给他们带来了精神创伤,经常指出这些视频未能推动结构性改革。在这篇文章中描述的课堂讨论中,主要关注的是白人目击者对种族主义暴力图像的同情,这种感觉可以给白人目击者带来安慰,甚至是愉悦,但这种感觉本身几乎没有什么作用,如果有的话,解决这种暴力的系统性原因,实际上可能有助于维持暴力。除了考虑教师如何从过去的这部小说中汲取灵感,引发对当前关键问题的讨论外,本文还描述了他们如何将奥罗诺科与不同时期、地点和流派的文本进行对话,以揭示贝恩叙事的局限性并填补其空白。
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引用次数: 0
Review of Carrying All Before Her, by Chelsea Phillips 《身前扛一切》书评,切尔西·菲利普斯著
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.5038/2157-7129.13.1.1338
J. Buckley
A review of Chelsea Phillips’s Carrying All Before Her: Celebrity Pregnancy and the London Stage, 1689-1800, by Jennifer Buckley
切尔西·菲利普斯的《身先人后:名人怀孕和伦敦舞台,1689-1800》,詹妮弗·巴克利著
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引用次数: 0
Teaching Eliza Fay's Original Letters from India (1817) through Classroom Editing 通过课堂编辑教学伊丽莎·费伊的《印度原信》(1817)
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.5038/2157-7129.12.2.1309
Lacy Marschalk
Travel writing is an ever-growing area of interest in eighteenth-century studies, but it can be difficult to teach. Students often find the writing dry and unrelatable, and faculty who have had little experience with travel writing in their own educations may not know which texts would prove useful to their courses. In this article, I discuss the travel narrative with which I've found the most pedagogical success, Eliza Fay's Original Letters from India (1817). Fay's initial journey to India includes a range of captivating adventures, including encounters with Marie Antoinette in Paris, bandits in Egypt, and Hyder Ali in Calicut, where she was imprisoned for fifteen grueling weeks. Original Letters' publication history (including editions by Walter Kelly Firminger in 1908 and E. M. Forster in 1925) is also complex and speaks to larger issues in the editing and promoting of women's writing, so the text makes an interesting case study for those interested in everything from postcolonial studies to book history. In this article, I discuss the editorial treatment of Fay's work and ways in which to situate Original Letters within British travel writing history as well as in-class exercises and a collaborative editing project that have larger implications for travel literature and women’s writing in general.
在18世纪的研究中,旅行写作是一个不断增长的兴趣领域,但它很难教。学生们常常觉得这些文章枯燥无味,毫无关联,而那些在自己的教育中几乎没有旅行写作经验的教师可能不知道哪些文本对他们的课程有用。在这篇文章中,我将讨论在教学上最成功的旅行叙事——伊丽莎·费伊的《印度原信》(1817)。费伊最初的印度之旅包括一系列引人入胜的冒险,包括在巴黎遇到玛丽·安托瓦内特,在埃及遇到土匪,以及在卡利卡特的海德尔·阿里,她在那里被囚禁了15个星期。《原始信件》的出版历史(包括1908年沃尔特·凯利·费明格和1925年e·m·福斯特的版本)也很复杂,并谈到了编辑和促进女性写作的更大问题,因此,对于那些对后殖民研究和书史等一切感兴趣的人来说,这本书是一个有趣的案例研究。在这篇文章中,我讨论了对Fay作品的编辑处理,以及如何将《原始信件》置于英国旅行写作历史中,以及课堂练习和一个对旅行文学和一般女性写作有更大影响的合作编辑项目。
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引用次数: 0
Review of Female Husbands: A Trans History, by Jen Manion 简·曼尼昂的《女性丈夫:一段跨性别的历史》书评
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.5038/2157-7129.12.2.1318
Jeremy Chow
This review evaluates Jen Manion's Female Husbands: A Trans History.
这篇评论评价了珍·曼尼昂的《女性丈夫:变性史》。
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引用次数: 0
Ripped from the Headlines: Teaching Lady Mary Wortley Montagu's Turkish Letters in the Context of 21st-century Controversies 摘自头条新闻:在21世纪争议的背景下教授玛丽·沃特利·蒙塔古女士的土耳其字母
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.5038/2157-7129.12.2.1308
Susan Spencer
In the long shadow of 9/11 and the ongoing COVID pandemic, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu’s Turkish Embassy Letters connect with the lived experience of today’s students, especially the cluster of eight letters dated 1 April 1717. By emphasizing parallels between Montagu’s observations and the students’ own lives, The Turkish Embassy Letters can add a modern dimension to the eighteenth century in general, challenges of gender, and texts written in and about the Muslim world.
在9/11事件和持续的COVID大流行的漫长阴影下,玛丽·沃特利·蒙塔古夫人的土耳其大使馆信件与当今学生的生活经历联系在一起,特别是1717年4月1日的八封信。通过强调蒙塔古的观察和学生们自己的生活之间的相似之处,《土耳其大使馆信函》可以为18世纪增添一个现代的维度,包括性别的挑战,以及写在穆斯林世界和关于穆斯林世界的文本。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
ABO Interactive Journal for Women in the Arts 16401830
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