Pub Date : 2022-11-22DOI: 10.1109/ELECOM54934.2022.9965259
Andreas Lober, J. Lehmann, Tim Häußermann, J. Reichwald, H. Baumgärtel
In order to empower future production to be ready for Industry 5.0, it needs to be geared towards customer-oriented mass customisation. Yet the necessary connection between production process and product within the control software is not adequately addressed. In the engineering process, especially while control logic design, the digital twins of production machines are not sufficiently considered. The products also need to be suitably specified in terms of their production process. Only then autonomous negotiation algorithms can be established between digital twins of production machines and products. The authors elaborate requirement specifications for digital twins and, based on these, derive specifications for control logic and the knowledge graph of production assets. Finally, the feasibility is substantiated by a demonstrative proof of concept.
{"title":"Improving the Engineering Process of Control Systems Based on Digital Twin Specifications","authors":"Andreas Lober, J. Lehmann, Tim Häußermann, J. Reichwald, H. Baumgärtel","doi":"10.1109/ELECOM54934.2022.9965259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECOM54934.2022.9965259","url":null,"abstract":"In order to empower future production to be ready for Industry 5.0, it needs to be geared towards customer-oriented mass customisation. Yet the necessary connection between production process and product within the control software is not adequately addressed. In the engineering process, especially while control logic design, the digital twins of production machines are not sufficiently considered. The products also need to be suitably specified in terms of their production process. Only then autonomous negotiation algorithms can be established between digital twins of production machines and products. The authors elaborate requirement specifications for digital twins and, based on these, derive specifications for control logic and the knowledge graph of production assets. Finally, the feasibility is substantiated by a demonstrative proof of concept.","PeriodicalId":302869,"journal":{"name":"2022 4th International Conference on Emerging Trends in Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering (ELECOM)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128728087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-22DOI: 10.1109/ELECOM54934.2022.9965242
V. Bassoo, Y. Beeharry, R. Ramjug-Ballgobin, Mozammeer Deenmahomed, Karan Soin
A good transportation system is essential to modern society. Unfortunately, road networks deteriorate rapidly because of a range of reasons, namely wear and tear caused by the continuous and heavy flow of vehicles, weather elements such as heavy rain and high temperature and various excavation works that are carried out on the roads. Bad roads lead to accidents, damage to vehicles and increased fuel consumption. Therefore, the monitoring of road quality is crucial. This paper proposes a low-cost prototype that can be implemented in any vehicle. The device collects and transmits data on road quality to a cloud platform, where analytics is performed to assess and classify road condition. The pothole locations are viewable on a web page. While travelling, drivers receive real-time sound alerts on their mobile phones to warn them of imminent degradation in the road network, such as potholes. An Android application has been developed to synchronize with the database via the API and send real-time and up-to-date notifications to road users whenever they approach such areas. Authorities can also use the system to grasp the quality of the road network and automatically identify problems that may require immediate repair.
{"title":"A Low-Cost Real-time Road Surface Condition Monitoring and Alert System","authors":"V. Bassoo, Y. Beeharry, R. Ramjug-Ballgobin, Mozammeer Deenmahomed, Karan Soin","doi":"10.1109/ELECOM54934.2022.9965242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECOM54934.2022.9965242","url":null,"abstract":"A good transportation system is essential to modern society. Unfortunately, road networks deteriorate rapidly because of a range of reasons, namely wear and tear caused by the continuous and heavy flow of vehicles, weather elements such as heavy rain and high temperature and various excavation works that are carried out on the roads. Bad roads lead to accidents, damage to vehicles and increased fuel consumption. Therefore, the monitoring of road quality is crucial. This paper proposes a low-cost prototype that can be implemented in any vehicle. The device collects and transmits data on road quality to a cloud platform, where analytics is performed to assess and classify road condition. The pothole locations are viewable on a web page. While travelling, drivers receive real-time sound alerts on their mobile phones to warn them of imminent degradation in the road network, such as potholes. An Android application has been developed to synchronize with the database via the API and send real-time and up-to-date notifications to road users whenever they approach such areas. Authorities can also use the system to grasp the quality of the road network and automatically identify problems that may require immediate repair.","PeriodicalId":302869,"journal":{"name":"2022 4th International Conference on Emerging Trends in Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering (ELECOM)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127726538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-22DOI: 10.1109/ELECOM54934.2022.9965256
Daren Soobrayen, I. Jahmeerbacus, Paramasiven Caremben
Cooling systems contribute to reduce water consumption in sugar production by recycling vapour condensate using refrigerant pumps. These setups operate at nearly continuous duty over several months, with high demand for electrical energy. In this paper, we compare the energy performance of parallel operated centrifugal refrigerant pumps with two flow control schemes, namely adjustable speed operation and throttle valve control. Both systems are modeled to represent typical cooling stations used in sugar mills. The variable speed driven pumps are shown to have significantly lower energy consumption over a wide range of flow rate commands. A lifecycle cost analysis of the two schemes also shows that the additional investment in the variable speed control method is offset after the first year of operation. Moreover, it has a much lower lifecycle cost, compared to the valve throttling system.
{"title":"Comparative study of throttling and variable speed drive operation of parallel pumps for cooling stations in sugar production","authors":"Daren Soobrayen, I. Jahmeerbacus, Paramasiven Caremben","doi":"10.1109/ELECOM54934.2022.9965256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECOM54934.2022.9965256","url":null,"abstract":"Cooling systems contribute to reduce water consumption in sugar production by recycling vapour condensate using refrigerant pumps. These setups operate at nearly continuous duty over several months, with high demand for electrical energy. In this paper, we compare the energy performance of parallel operated centrifugal refrigerant pumps with two flow control schemes, namely adjustable speed operation and throttle valve control. Both systems are modeled to represent typical cooling stations used in sugar mills. The variable speed driven pumps are shown to have significantly lower energy consumption over a wide range of flow rate commands. A lifecycle cost analysis of the two schemes also shows that the additional investment in the variable speed control method is offset after the first year of operation. Moreover, it has a much lower lifecycle cost, compared to the valve throttling system.","PeriodicalId":302869,"journal":{"name":"2022 4th International Conference on Emerging Trends in Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering (ELECOM)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122397613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-22DOI: 10.1109/ELECOM54934.2022.9965265
V. Pantovic, D. Milovanovic, Dusan Starcevic, Z. Bojkovic
In this paper, a comprehensive overview of digital twins (DT) for 5G mobile systems and their mutual support is presented. First, we introduce fundamental DT concepts in the creation of virtual representations of complex real-world systems. Second, for DT support in the emulation of 5G networks, we identified challenges in design, optimization, network operation and maintenance. Third, examples of specific DT use cases including smart manufacturing as the leading 5G vertical are considered. The continuously growing demands create new requirements and trends. We discuss open research challenges together with possible directions for future work.
{"title":"5G mobile networks and Digital Twins concept: Research challenges in network DT emulation","authors":"V. Pantovic, D. Milovanovic, Dusan Starcevic, Z. Bojkovic","doi":"10.1109/ELECOM54934.2022.9965265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECOM54934.2022.9965265","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a comprehensive overview of digital twins (DT) for 5G mobile systems and their mutual support is presented. First, we introduce fundamental DT concepts in the creation of virtual representations of complex real-world systems. Second, for DT support in the emulation of 5G networks, we identified challenges in design, optimization, network operation and maintenance. Third, examples of specific DT use cases including smart manufacturing as the leading 5G vertical are considered. The continuously growing demands create new requirements and trends. We discuss open research challenges together with possible directions for future work.","PeriodicalId":302869,"journal":{"name":"2022 4th International Conference on Emerging Trends in Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering (ELECOM)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125994016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-22DOI: 10.1109/ELECOM54934.2022.9965223
Yogindersing Gajadur, S. Hassen
A photovoltaic panel operates along a non-linear Power-Voltage (P-V) curve. When a load is directly connected to the photovoltaic (PV) panel, the output voltage of the panel changes with the delivered current. The panel’s P-V characteristic shows that the power it delivers is maximum at one particular operating combination of voltage and current, called the Maximum Power point (MPP). However, this MPP is not static and it shifts with varying loads as well as due to changes in temperature, solar irradiance level. This paper compares the performance of three MPPT techniques namely, Perturb and Observe (P&O), Sliding Mode Control (SMC) and Fractional Short-Circuit Current (FSCC) of a given PV system through simulation. The PV system is modeled in MATLAB/Simulink environment and it consists of a 20 W PV module supplying power to a resistive load through a DC-DC Boost converter. Algorithms of the three aforementioned MPPT control techniques (PO, FSCC, and SMC) are developed and simulated under changing solar irradiance level and their performances are compared. It was observed that Sliding Mode Control technique has the fastest tracking time and produced the least oscillations at steady state.
{"title":"A comparative analysis of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) Techniques of a Solar Panel","authors":"Yogindersing Gajadur, S. Hassen","doi":"10.1109/ELECOM54934.2022.9965223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECOM54934.2022.9965223","url":null,"abstract":"A photovoltaic panel operates along a non-linear Power-Voltage (P-V) curve. When a load is directly connected to the photovoltaic (PV) panel, the output voltage of the panel changes with the delivered current. The panel’s P-V characteristic shows that the power it delivers is maximum at one particular operating combination of voltage and current, called the Maximum Power point (MPP). However, this MPP is not static and it shifts with varying loads as well as due to changes in temperature, solar irradiance level. This paper compares the performance of three MPPT techniques namely, Perturb and Observe (P&O), Sliding Mode Control (SMC) and Fractional Short-Circuit Current (FSCC) of a given PV system through simulation. The PV system is modeled in MATLAB/Simulink environment and it consists of a 20 W PV module supplying power to a resistive load through a DC-DC Boost converter. Algorithms of the three aforementioned MPPT control techniques (PO, FSCC, and SMC) are developed and simulated under changing solar irradiance level and their performances are compared. It was observed that Sliding Mode Control technique has the fastest tracking time and produced the least oscillations at steady state.","PeriodicalId":302869,"journal":{"name":"2022 4th International Conference on Emerging Trends in Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering (ELECOM)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131621674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-22DOI: 10.1109/ELECOM54934.2022.9965264
Karel Ronan Veerabudren, Girish Bekaroo
Over the years, technological advances have driven massive proliferation of web systems and businesses have harbored a seemingly insatiable need for Internet systems and services. Whilst data is considered as a key asset to businesses and that their security is of extreme importance, there has been growing cybersecurity threats faced by web systems. One of the key attacks that web applications are vulnerable to is SQL injection (SQLi) attacks and successful attacks can reveal sensitive information to attackers or even deface web systems. As part of SQLi defence strategy, effective detection of SQLi attacks is important. Even though different techniques have been devised over the years to detect SQLi attacks, limited work has been undertaken to review and compare the effectiveness of these detection techniques. As such, in order to address this gap in literature, this paper performs a review and comparative analysis of the different SQLi detection techniques, with the aim to detect SQLi attacks in an effective manner and enhance the security of web applications. As part of the investigation, seven SQLi detection techniques including machine learning based detection are reviewed and their effectiveness against different types of SQLi attacks are compared. Results identified positive tainting and adoption of machine learning among the most effective techniques and stored procedures based SQLi as the most challenging attack to detect.
{"title":"Security in Web Applications: A Comparative Analysis of Key SQL Injection Detection Techniques","authors":"Karel Ronan Veerabudren, Girish Bekaroo","doi":"10.1109/ELECOM54934.2022.9965264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECOM54934.2022.9965264","url":null,"abstract":"Over the years, technological advances have driven massive proliferation of web systems and businesses have harbored a seemingly insatiable need for Internet systems and services. Whilst data is considered as a key asset to businesses and that their security is of extreme importance, there has been growing cybersecurity threats faced by web systems. One of the key attacks that web applications are vulnerable to is SQL injection (SQLi) attacks and successful attacks can reveal sensitive information to attackers or even deface web systems. As part of SQLi defence strategy, effective detection of SQLi attacks is important. Even though different techniques have been devised over the years to detect SQLi attacks, limited work has been undertaken to review and compare the effectiveness of these detection techniques. As such, in order to address this gap in literature, this paper performs a review and comparative analysis of the different SQLi detection techniques, with the aim to detect SQLi attacks in an effective manner and enhance the security of web applications. As part of the investigation, seven SQLi detection techniques including machine learning based detection are reviewed and their effectiveness against different types of SQLi attacks are compared. Results identified positive tainting and adoption of machine learning among the most effective techniques and stored procedures based SQLi as the most challenging attack to detect.","PeriodicalId":302869,"journal":{"name":"2022 4th International Conference on Emerging Trends in Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering (ELECOM)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130544426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-22DOI: 10.1109/ELECOM54934.2022.9965232
Chiweta E. Abunike, O. Okoro, Imiocent E. Davidson, U. B. Akuru, Aphale S. Sumeet
This paper presents the influence of 6/4 and 12/8 switched reluctance motor (SRM) topologies on the motor torque ripples of electromechanical brake system. The SRM drive was developed on MATLAB/SIMULINK platform. The SRM models were parameterized with FEM data of the motor magnetic flux as a function of current and rotor angle. These data were computed by 2D electromagnetic field finite element tool, MotorSolve. The unaligned inductances of 6/4 SRM and 12/8 SRM at 200 A were 1.31 mH and 2 mH, respectively, while their aligned inductances were 2. 5mH and 3. 82mH, respectively. The obtained simulation results showed that 12/8 SRM has better response in terms of torque ripple reduction over wide speed range. Furthermore, the influence of the stator pole embrace on torque ripples was studied. Simulation results depicted that the torque ripples of both topologies can be reduced by changing their stator pole embrace from 0.45 to 0.50. There were 44.5 % and 46.3 % reductions in torque ripples of 6/4 and 12/8 SRM respectively, considering the two stator pole embraces at speed of1500 rpm and load torque of15 Nm. These findings indicate that the 12/8 SRM design is optimal in electromechanical brake system in terms of torque ripples minimization.
{"title":"Torque Ripple Reduction of Switched Reluctance Motor Topologies Parameterized with FEM Data for Electromechanical Brake System","authors":"Chiweta E. Abunike, O. Okoro, Imiocent E. Davidson, U. B. Akuru, Aphale S. Sumeet","doi":"10.1109/ELECOM54934.2022.9965232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECOM54934.2022.9965232","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the influence of 6/4 and 12/8 switched reluctance motor (SRM) topologies on the motor torque ripples of electromechanical brake system. The SRM drive was developed on MATLAB/SIMULINK platform. The SRM models were parameterized with FEM data of the motor magnetic flux as a function of current and rotor angle. These data were computed by 2D electromagnetic field finite element tool, MotorSolve. The unaligned inductances of 6/4 SRM and 12/8 SRM at 200 A were 1.31 mH and 2 mH, respectively, while their aligned inductances were 2. 5mH and 3. 82mH, respectively. The obtained simulation results showed that 12/8 SRM has better response in terms of torque ripple reduction over wide speed range. Furthermore, the influence of the stator pole embrace on torque ripples was studied. Simulation results depicted that the torque ripples of both topologies can be reduced by changing their stator pole embrace from 0.45 to 0.50. There were 44.5 % and 46.3 % reductions in torque ripples of 6/4 and 12/8 SRM respectively, considering the two stator pole embraces at speed of1500 rpm and load torque of15 Nm. These findings indicate that the 12/8 SRM design is optimal in electromechanical brake system in terms of torque ripples minimization.","PeriodicalId":302869,"journal":{"name":"2022 4th International Conference on Emerging Trends in Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering (ELECOM)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130993116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-22DOI: 10.1109/ELECOM54934.2022.9965267
J. Vavra, Zdeněk Kohl, M. Kyselak, K. Slávicek, David Grenar
This paper introduces the possibility of utilizing memristive systems for analog signal processing. The design takes advantage of the specific properties of the mem element for processed signal filtering with a requirement for change detection. The polarity of the voltage on the mem element causes a change in its internal state. The induced change causes the comparator to flip and initiates audio and optical signaling. The proposed circuit is suitable for various detectors with binary outputs, e.g. motion, pressure, light, temperature, etc. The functionality is verified by measurements on a specific implemented prototype, which processes the signal from an optical fiber sensor detecting temperature changes. The temperature change causes a change in polarization, which can be pre-processed with a polarizer.
{"title":"Unexpected Analog Signal Change Detector Based on Memristive System","authors":"J. Vavra, Zdeněk Kohl, M. Kyselak, K. Slávicek, David Grenar","doi":"10.1109/ELECOM54934.2022.9965267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECOM54934.2022.9965267","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces the possibility of utilizing memristive systems for analog signal processing. The design takes advantage of the specific properties of the mem element for processed signal filtering with a requirement for change detection. The polarity of the voltage on the mem element causes a change in its internal state. The induced change causes the comparator to flip and initiates audio and optical signaling. The proposed circuit is suitable for various detectors with binary outputs, e.g. motion, pressure, light, temperature, etc. The functionality is verified by measurements on a specific implemented prototype, which processes the signal from an optical fiber sensor detecting temperature changes. The temperature change causes a change in polarization, which can be pre-processed with a polarizer.","PeriodicalId":302869,"journal":{"name":"2022 4th International Conference on Emerging Trends in Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering (ELECOM)","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114221199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-22DOI: 10.1109/ELECOM54934.2022.9965239
M. Indoonundon, T. P. Fowdur
Low latency communications are a crucial enabling factor of several 5G New Radio (NR) use cases. In fact, the support of ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) in 5G NR opens doors to a panoply of wireless applications such as robotics, autonomous driving, telesurgery, virtual reality and telepresence. To achieve URLLC, the long-term evolution of network architecture and key enabling communication technologies are necessary. Since its initial conception, the design of 5G NR has been made with the objective of drastically minimizing the latency at various segments (such as the air interface, fronthaul, backhaul, edge, core and transport) in its end-to-end network. In this paper, a detailed analysis of the concept of latency in the 5G NR communication system in terms of the end-to-end network, user plane and control plane latency is presented. Moreover, the different enabling technologies to achieve URLLC are also reviewed. Challenges that remain to be addressed and gaps in current research are also identified.
{"title":"Latency Components and Analysis in 5G New Radio","authors":"M. Indoonundon, T. P. Fowdur","doi":"10.1109/ELECOM54934.2022.9965239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECOM54934.2022.9965239","url":null,"abstract":"Low latency communications are a crucial enabling factor of several 5G New Radio (NR) use cases. In fact, the support of ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) in 5G NR opens doors to a panoply of wireless applications such as robotics, autonomous driving, telesurgery, virtual reality and telepresence. To achieve URLLC, the long-term evolution of network architecture and key enabling communication technologies are necessary. Since its initial conception, the design of 5G NR has been made with the objective of drastically minimizing the latency at various segments (such as the air interface, fronthaul, backhaul, edge, core and transport) in its end-to-end network. In this paper, a detailed analysis of the concept of latency in the 5G NR communication system in terms of the end-to-end network, user plane and control plane latency is presented. Moreover, the different enabling technologies to achieve URLLC are also reviewed. Challenges that remain to be addressed and gaps in current research are also identified.","PeriodicalId":302869,"journal":{"name":"2022 4th International Conference on Emerging Trends in Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering (ELECOM)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133010116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-22DOI: 10.1109/ELECOM54934.2022.9965261
R. A. Ah King, B. Rajkumarsingh, Yashtir Gopee
Buildings consume the largest share of electricity in a country’s power grid. There is an ongoing challenge to reduce the energy consumption of buildings. One solution is efficient management of the different systems in the building such as HVAC systems to reduce energy consumption while maintaining the comfort level of people. For proper automation of the systems, there is a need to forecast the energy consumption of a building both in the long term and the short term. The Professor Sir Edouard Lim Fat Engineering Tower building was modelled on Autodesk Revit and energy simulations were performed on the model using Autodesk Green Building Studio. The simulation results were then compared to actual energy consumption. The same building was also used to test machine learning techniques; Gradient Boosting Machine, Support Vector Machine and Deep Neural Network ability to perform short-term energy prediction using data about energy consumption, weather and ambient environment of the building. It was observed that energy simulations overestimated the actual energy consumption by 27%, 29.6%, 59.7% and 60.6% for the months of October, November, December and January respectively. On the machine learning side, Gradient Boosting was observed to outperform SVM and DNN in training time, RMSE and Coefficient of Determination.
{"title":"Long-Term and Short-Term Energy Prediction using BIM Energy Simulations and Machine Learning Techniques","authors":"R. A. Ah King, B. Rajkumarsingh, Yashtir Gopee","doi":"10.1109/ELECOM54934.2022.9965261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECOM54934.2022.9965261","url":null,"abstract":"Buildings consume the largest share of electricity in a country’s power grid. There is an ongoing challenge to reduce the energy consumption of buildings. One solution is efficient management of the different systems in the building such as HVAC systems to reduce energy consumption while maintaining the comfort level of people. For proper automation of the systems, there is a need to forecast the energy consumption of a building both in the long term and the short term. The Professor Sir Edouard Lim Fat Engineering Tower building was modelled on Autodesk Revit and energy simulations were performed on the model using Autodesk Green Building Studio. The simulation results were then compared to actual energy consumption. The same building was also used to test machine learning techniques; Gradient Boosting Machine, Support Vector Machine and Deep Neural Network ability to perform short-term energy prediction using data about energy consumption, weather and ambient environment of the building. It was observed that energy simulations overestimated the actual energy consumption by 27%, 29.6%, 59.7% and 60.6% for the months of October, November, December and January respectively. On the machine learning side, Gradient Boosting was observed to outperform SVM and DNN in training time, RMSE and Coefficient of Determination.","PeriodicalId":302869,"journal":{"name":"2022 4th International Conference on Emerging Trends in Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering (ELECOM)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125142500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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