The increasing population of the world is demanding enhanced agricultural production to fulfill the nutrient requirement of the growing population. However, higher inputs are required to get maximum agricultural production that is resulting higher prices of agricultural products. Therefore, organic farming could be alternative to fulfill the nutrient requirement of the common people with low inputs. Organic farming concepts use environment-friendly practices with low external inputs. The study aimed to check the performance of organically grown four lentil cultivars, namely Eure 20, Sazak 91, Kayı 91, and Sultan 1, to check if their performance was at par with the traditionally grown lentils. The results confirmed that the four genotypes had a high potential for adaptation in the organic farming system.
{"title":"Determination of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of some lentil cultivars under organic farming conditions","authors":"B. Önol","doi":"10.22194/jgias/10.992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22194/jgias/10.992","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing population of the world is demanding enhanced agricultural production to fulfill the nutrient requirement of the growing population. However, higher inputs are required to get maximum agricultural production that is resulting higher prices of agricultural products. Therefore, organic farming could be alternative to fulfill the nutrient requirement of the common people with low inputs. Organic farming concepts use environment-friendly practices with low external inputs. The study aimed to check the performance of organically grown four lentil cultivars, namely Eure 20, Sazak 91, Kayı 91, and Sultan 1, to check if their performance was at par with the traditionally grown lentils. The results confirmed that the four genotypes had a high potential for adaptation in the organic farming system.","PeriodicalId":303968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural Sciences","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133849977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study illustrates the importance of aquatic plants in removing pollutants and treating wastewater. Aquatic plants provide many benefits to humans, with many new applications still to be identified. However, introducing aquatic plant species that become problematic under specific conditions is putting both marine and freshwater environments at risk right now. These plant species are frequently imported from other regions for medicinal or horticultural purposes, but they eventually escape domestication and establish natural populations. Other pollutants, such as hydrocarbons and other hazardous and carcinogenic substances, can be removed from water using these aquatic plants. The application of growth-promoting bacteria that stimulate the growth of rhizosphere plants and the overgrown plants could be another modification that can have the maximum treating effect. Aquatic plants have many applications in wastewater treatment due to their much lower cost and higher efficiency. Numerous studies have proved Aquatic plants to be sinks for wastewater treatment, and they are also used in the treatment process and to reduce or limit pollutant wastewater. The treated wastewater was of acceptable quality, according to the international effluent standards for irrigation.
{"title":"Use of aquatic plants in removing pollutants and treating the wastewater: A review","authors":"Huda Hilo Ali, M. Fayed, Israa Ibrahim Lazim","doi":"10.22194/jgias/10.985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22194/jgias/10.985","url":null,"abstract":"This study illustrates the importance of aquatic plants in removing pollutants and treating wastewater. Aquatic plants provide many benefits to humans, with many new applications still to be identified. However, introducing aquatic plant species that become problematic under specific conditions is putting both marine and freshwater environments at risk right now. These plant species are frequently imported from other regions for medicinal or horticultural purposes, but they eventually escape domestication and establish natural populations. Other pollutants, such as hydrocarbons and other hazardous and carcinogenic substances, can be removed from water using these aquatic plants. The application of growth-promoting bacteria that stimulate the growth of rhizosphere plants and the overgrown plants could be another modification that can have the maximum treating effect. Aquatic plants have many applications in wastewater treatment due to their much lower cost and higher efficiency. Numerous studies have proved Aquatic plants to be sinks for wastewater treatment, and they are also used in the treatment process and to reduce or limit pollutant wastewater. The treated wastewater was of acceptable quality, according to the international effluent standards for irrigation.","PeriodicalId":303968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132269036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Co-transformation in Agrobacterium-mediated is known as an important problem. Therefore, this study aimed to co-transform the Samsun Maden variety of tobacco. For this purpose, fresh seeds of cv. Samsun Maden 2421varitey of tobacco was procured from the Bafra county open market in Samsun province, Türkiye. In this study, a well-known transformation through A. tumefaciens was used because plants for example tobacco are recalcitrant or difficult to regenerate and fail to respond to other transformation techniques. The result showed successful co-transformation of square-shaped leaf explants on all cultures, excluding 50 mg/l Kanamycin used as a selection pressure. This concentration showed minör escapes to the extent of 1.67%. Indicating that optimizing selection pressure is very important to avoid escapes in co-transformation. Moreover, the regeneration efficiency of explants is reduced considerably with each increase in selection pressure.
农杆菌介导的共转化被认为是一个重要的问题。因此，本研究旨在对Samsun Maden烟草品种进行共改造。为此，新鲜的cv种子。Samsun Maden 2421烟草品种是从 kiye Samsun省Bafra县开放市场采购的。在这项研究中，由于烟草等植物具有顽固性或难以再生，并且对其他转化技术没有反应，因此使用了一种众所周知的通过烟草杆菌进行转化的方法。结果表明，除50 mg/l卡那霉素作为选择压力外，所有培养体均成功转化为方形叶片外植体。该浓度minör逸出度为1.67%。说明优化选择压力对于避免共变换中的逃逸是非常重要的。此外，外植体的再生效率随选择压力的增加而显著降低。
{"title":"Co transformation of Gus and npt II genes using Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV2260:p35 GUS INT in tobacco variety Samsun Maden 2421","authors":"P. P. Kahriz","doi":"10.22194/jgias/10.993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22194/jgias/10.993","url":null,"abstract":"Co-transformation in Agrobacterium-mediated is known as an important problem. Therefore, this study aimed to co-transform the Samsun Maden variety of tobacco. For this purpose, fresh seeds of cv. Samsun Maden 2421varitey of tobacco was procured from the Bafra county open market in Samsun province, Türkiye. In this study, a well-known transformation through A. tumefaciens was used because plants for example tobacco are recalcitrant or difficult to regenerate and fail to respond to other transformation techniques. The result showed successful co-transformation of square-shaped leaf explants on all cultures, excluding 50 mg/l Kanamycin used as a selection pressure. This concentration showed minör escapes to the extent of 1.67%. Indicating that optimizing selection pressure is very important to avoid escapes in co-transformation. Moreover, the regeneration efficiency of explants is reduced considerably with each increase in selection pressure.","PeriodicalId":303968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural Sciences","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133504052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urbanization affected the birds; by establishing the urban areas, plantations had to be cut, which played an essential role in decreasing the diversity of birds. The bird’s species, including the migratory population, is a crucial bioindicator of the ecosystem that plays an important role in various natural phenomena, including the multiple variations in the various species of plants. The avian fauna is mainly affected by global change, roadways, noise pollution, urbanization, deforestation, risky human behaviors, climate change, and absurd land use. This study is based on a survey of peer-reviewed papers that summarize the effect of development, urbanization, urban areas, and climate change on the diversity of birds and migration according to their ecosystems. As a result, increasing population demands more urbanization and deforestation, but as a comparison, we need to establish effective strategies that can help avian fauna in urban areas and provide suitable conditions for the bird species.
{"title":"Diversity and Distribution of Avian Fauna in Relation to Urban Landscape in Faisalabad City, Pakistan (a review)","authors":"M. Aslam, A. Rafique, M. Luqman","doi":"10.22194/jgias/10.991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22194/jgias/10.991","url":null,"abstract":"Urbanization affected the birds; by establishing the urban areas, plantations had to be cut, which played an essential role in decreasing the diversity of birds. The bird’s species, including the migratory population, is a crucial bioindicator of the ecosystem that plays an important role in various natural phenomena, including the multiple variations in the various species of plants. The avian fauna is mainly affected by global change, roadways, noise pollution, urbanization, deforestation, risky human behaviors, climate change, and absurd land use. This study is based on a survey of peer-reviewed papers that summarize the effect of development, urbanization, urban areas, and climate change on the diversity of birds and migration according to their ecosystems. As a result, increasing population demands more urbanization and deforestation, but as a comparison, we need to establish effective strategies that can help avian fauna in urban areas and provide suitable conditions for the bird species.","PeriodicalId":303968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural Sciences","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127269474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quality rootstocks are mandatory to fortify and boost up the citrus industry. Traditionally, Pakistani citrus industry is based on two rootstocks (rough lemon and sour orange), and consequently facing many biotic and abiotic constraints. Characterization and evaluation of new rootstocks is also essential to expand the citrus genetic resources for better utilization and to improve future breeding programmes. In this study thirteen rootstocks were assessed based on twenty-five morphological traits (quantitative and qualitative) whereas genetic diversity was evaluated by using forty RAPD markers. Results manifested huge morphological diversity in Sachian Citromello, Citromello 1452, Yuma citrange and Benton rootstocks. Thirteen RAPD markers proved reliable and effective tool and showed significant amplification, producing a total of 286 fragments with 61.53% polymorphism. Moreover, RAPD markers showed the individuality of all the studied rootstocks and highlighted the similarities and dissimilarities among them. Findings of this study will provide basis for further investigations looking to the improvement of citrus rootstocks. Results are also valuable for future rootstock breeding programs, particularly in release of superior and trustworthy new rootstocks for Pakistani citrus industry. The combination of such kinds of morphological and molecular markers is highly powerful tool in accomplishing detailed analysis of Citrus phylogeny and origin.
{"title":"Molecular diversity estimates of Pakistani citrus rootstocks","authors":"A. Noreen","doi":"10.22194/jgias/10.968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22194/jgias/10.968","url":null,"abstract":"Quality rootstocks are mandatory to fortify and boost up the citrus industry. Traditionally, Pakistani citrus industry is based on two rootstocks (rough lemon and sour orange), and consequently facing many biotic and abiotic constraints. Characterization and evaluation of new rootstocks is also essential to expand the citrus genetic resources for better utilization and to improve future breeding programmes. In this study thirteen rootstocks were assessed based on twenty-five morphological traits (quantitative and qualitative) whereas genetic diversity was evaluated by using forty RAPD markers. Results manifested huge morphological diversity in Sachian Citromello, Citromello 1452, Yuma citrange and Benton rootstocks. Thirteen RAPD markers proved reliable and effective tool and showed significant amplification, producing a total of 286 fragments with 61.53% polymorphism. Moreover, RAPD markers showed the individuality of all the studied rootstocks and highlighted the similarities and dissimilarities among them. Findings of this study will provide basis for further investigations looking to the improvement of citrus rootstocks. Results are also valuable for future rootstock breeding programs, particularly in release of superior and trustworthy new rootstocks for Pakistani citrus industry. The combination of such kinds of morphological and molecular markers is highly powerful tool in accomplishing detailed analysis of Citrus phylogeny and origin.","PeriodicalId":303968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural Sciences","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133563898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Altaf, Amir Zaman Shah, Sadia Gull, S. Hussain, Muhammad Faheem, Ad Al Amin Miah, Xinkai Zhu
Every crop breeding effort seeks to enhance production. Despite several advances, most worldwide breeding efforts have long sought to improve grain production potential, insect/pest/disease resistance, grain quality, and stress tolerance. Almost all wheat breeding programs aim to increase grain yield potential. Wheat breeders have achieved substantial improvements in crop yield. Genetic transformation, cloning, and genetic engineering increase production potential in wheat. The primary breeding strategy for wheat is the pedigree. However, hybrids and population improvement are also utilized. Breeders utilized biotechnology to increase breeding success. Biotechnology and genome editing are examples of current technology that can improve global agriculture production by assisting crop development. Traditional wheat breeding methods have been supplemented with biotechnology to speed up wheat improvement efforts. These methods will speed up wheat biology research and help to develop wheat breeding plans. However, many programs in developing countries (especially) are still trying to include them.
{"title":"Progress in modern crop science research in wheat biology","authors":"A. Altaf, Amir Zaman Shah, Sadia Gull, S. Hussain, Muhammad Faheem, Ad Al Amin Miah, Xinkai Zhu","doi":"10.22194/jgias/10.953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22194/jgias/10.953","url":null,"abstract":"Every crop breeding effort seeks to enhance production. Despite several advances, most worldwide breeding efforts have long sought to improve grain production potential, insect/pest/disease resistance, grain quality, and stress tolerance. Almost all wheat breeding programs aim to increase grain yield potential. Wheat breeders have achieved substantial improvements in crop yield. Genetic transformation, cloning, and genetic engineering increase production potential in wheat. The primary breeding strategy for wheat is the pedigree. However, hybrids and population improvement are also utilized. Breeders utilized biotechnology to increase breeding success. Biotechnology and genome editing are examples of current technology that can improve global agriculture production by assisting crop development. Traditional wheat breeding methods have been supplemented with biotechnology to speed up wheat improvement efforts. These methods will speed up wheat biology research and help to develop wheat breeding plans. However, many programs in developing countries (especially) are still trying to include them.","PeriodicalId":303968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural Sciences","volume":"20 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116820069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nazia Rasheed, I. Ahmad, M. Nafees, Muhammad Waqas Ul Hassan
Apple gourd is a very important vegetable. It has problem of more seeds which increase the dislikeness of customers in the market. Research and development are required to reduce the number of seeds for more consumer acceptability. Colchicine may be used as one of the most potential treatments in the propagation which is used to induce mutation and prevention of microtubule formation during cell division and doubling of chromosomes. In this study Colchicine was used. The seed of Apple gourd was treated with two different concentrations T1 and T2 in comparison with control T0. Treated seeds were sown in polyethene bags in nursery for germination and after 40 days were transplanted in the field. This field experimentation was carried out in a research area of department of horticulture sciences according to complete randomized block design (CRBD). The following parameters were recorded (number of leaves per plant, number of branches per plant, number of flowers per plant, flowering time, number of fruits per plant, fruit yield per plant, fruiting time, fruit weight (g), fruit diameter (mm), leaf area (cm2), vine length (cm) and germination %, leaf area, total proteins, total phenolics and stomata contents, carbohydrates contents, chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B contents). Morphological parameters number of leaves per plant, number of branches per plant, number of flowers per plant, flowering time, number of fruits per plant, fruit yield per plant, fruiting time, fruit weight (g), fruit diameter (mm), leaf area (cm2), vine length (cm) and germination % were increased in (T0). While large number of leaves, thicker branches, broad and large leaves, dark flowers and tasteful and seedless fruits were produced in 0.2% colchicine solution (T2). On the other hand, biochemical or physiological parameters leaf area, total proteins, total phenolics and stomata contents were increased in (T0), carbohydrates contents were increased in (T1), chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B contents were increased in (T2). Overall colchicine had good effect on chromosomes number, morphological and physiological attributes of apple gourd. According to present study 0.2 % of colchicine solution is considered best for the production of tetraploid plants and to induce polyploidy in vegetables.
{"title":"Assessment of mutation caused by colchicine in apple gourd (Praecitrullus fistulosus) based on morphological and biochemical attributes","authors":"Nazia Rasheed, I. Ahmad, M. Nafees, Muhammad Waqas Ul Hassan","doi":"10.22194/jgias/10.972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22194/jgias/10.972","url":null,"abstract":"Apple gourd is a very important vegetable. It has problem of more seeds which increase the dislikeness of customers in the market. Research and development are required to reduce the number of seeds for more consumer acceptability. Colchicine may be used as one of the most potential treatments in the propagation which is used to induce mutation and prevention of microtubule formation during cell division and doubling of chromosomes. In this study Colchicine was used. The seed of Apple gourd was treated with two different concentrations T1 and T2 in comparison with control T0. Treated seeds were sown in polyethene bags in nursery for germination and after 40 days were transplanted in the field. This field experimentation was carried out in a research area of department of horticulture sciences according to complete randomized block design (CRBD). The following parameters were recorded (number of leaves per plant, number of branches per plant, number of flowers per plant, flowering time, number of fruits per plant, fruit yield per plant, fruiting time, fruit weight (g), fruit diameter (mm), leaf area (cm2), vine length (cm) and germination %, leaf area, total proteins, total phenolics and stomata contents, carbohydrates contents, chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B contents). Morphological parameters number of leaves per plant, number of branches per plant, number of flowers per plant, flowering time, number of fruits per plant, fruit yield per plant, fruiting time, fruit weight (g), fruit diameter (mm), leaf area (cm2), vine length (cm) and germination % were increased in (T0). While large number of leaves, thicker branches, broad and large leaves, dark flowers and tasteful and seedless fruits were produced in 0.2% colchicine solution (T2). On the other hand, biochemical or physiological parameters leaf area, total proteins, total phenolics and stomata contents were increased in (T0), carbohydrates contents were increased in (T1), chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B contents were increased in (T2). Overall colchicine had good effect on chromosomes number, morphological and physiological attributes of apple gourd. According to present study 0.2 % of colchicine solution is considered best for the production of tetraploid plants and to induce polyploidy in vegetables.","PeriodicalId":303968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural Sciences","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127705068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Root-knot nematodes cause economic damage to various agricultural products, especially vegetables globally. Due to the adverse effects of pesticides on the environment and human health, entomopathogenic fungi are one of the biological control agents used in pest control. In this study, the effects of two different local isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill, 1912 (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) (Bb-1 and Bv-1) at 106, 107, and 108 CFU ml-1 concentrations were investigated against Meloidogyne incognita race 1 (Kofoid and White, 1919) and Meloidogyne javanica (Treub, 1885) (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae) on tomato plants. Sixty days after the nematode inoculation, the number of egg packs formed in each plant, plant height (cm), wet plant weight (g), dry plant weight (g), and wet root weight (g), and root dry weight (g) were determined. According to the results, Beauveria bassiana Bb-1 and Bv-1 isolates significantly reduced the reproductive ability of root-knot nematodes. In both isolates, 108 CFU ml-1 concentrations were more effective against M. javanica and M. incognita race1 than other concentrations. Bb-1 isolate is more effective than Bv-1 isolate against M. javanica. On the other hand, the Bv-1 isolate is more effective than another isolate against M. incognita race 1. Entomopathogenic fungi (Bb-1 and Bv-1) are a promising long-term biocontrol strategy in agriculture against root-knot nematodes.
{"title":"Determination of the efficacy of two local Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill, 1912 (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) isolates (Bb-1 and Bv-1) against root-knot nematodes","authors":"M. Yağcı","doi":"10.22194/jgias/10.975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22194/jgias/10.975","url":null,"abstract":"Root-knot nematodes cause economic damage to various agricultural products, especially vegetables globally. Due to the adverse effects of pesticides on the environment and human health, entomopathogenic fungi are one of the biological control agents used in pest control. In this study, the effects of two different local isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill, 1912 (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) (Bb-1 and Bv-1) at 106, 107, and 108 CFU ml-1 concentrations were investigated against Meloidogyne incognita race 1 (Kofoid and White, 1919) and Meloidogyne javanica (Treub, 1885) (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae) on tomato plants. Sixty days after the nematode inoculation, the number of egg packs formed in each plant, plant height (cm), wet plant weight (g), dry plant weight (g), and wet root weight (g), and root dry weight (g) were determined. According to the results, Beauveria bassiana Bb-1 and Bv-1 isolates significantly reduced the reproductive ability of root-knot nematodes. In both isolates, 108 CFU ml-1 concentrations were more effective against M. javanica and M. incognita race1 than other concentrations. Bb-1 isolate is more effective than Bv-1 isolate against M. javanica. On the other hand, the Bv-1 isolate is more effective than another isolate against M. incognita race 1. Entomopathogenic fungi (Bb-1 and Bv-1) are a promising long-term biocontrol strategy in agriculture against root-knot nematodes.","PeriodicalId":303968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123966684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant diseases are a major threat to food safety and security. Preventing the loss of money and time is possible with early diagnosis of plant diseases. Recent advances in computer vision have led to successful methods for the early detection of plant diseases. In this research, images of downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora humuli) and powdery mildew (Podosphaera macularis) diseases of hops (Humulus lupulus - hops) plant were collected over the internet and classified with the most successful Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model. In order to increase the performance of the CNN model, images that do not contribute to learning were removed from the datasets, and optimum datasets were created by adding new images that comply with the rules we determined. The model was trained with a small number of selected images and detected downy mildew and powdery mildew diseases of hops with high performance. In this study, certain rules were determined in the recognition of plant diseases, the collection of diseased leaf images and the creation of the data set. It has been shown that training datasets created by following these rules increase performance in learning.
{"title":"The effect of improvement of datasets on accuracy achievement in deep learning: an example of disease detection in hops plant","authors":"Haluk Tanrıkulu, M. H. Sazli, Hasan Parça","doi":"10.22194/jgias/10.966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22194/jgias/10.966","url":null,"abstract":"Plant diseases are a major threat to food safety and security. Preventing the loss of money and time is possible with early diagnosis of plant diseases. Recent advances in computer vision have led to successful methods for the early detection of plant diseases. In this research, images of downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora humuli) and powdery mildew (Podosphaera macularis) diseases of hops (Humulus lupulus - hops) plant were collected over the internet and classified with the most successful Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model. In order to increase the performance of the CNN model, images that do not contribute to learning were removed from the datasets, and optimum datasets were created by adding new images that comply with the rules we determined. The model was trained with a small number of selected images and detected downy mildew and powdery mildew diseases of hops with high performance. In this study, certain rules were determined in the recognition of plant diseases, the collection of diseased leaf images and the creation of the data set. It has been shown that training datasets created by following these rules increase performance in learning.","PeriodicalId":303968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural Sciences","volume":"60 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122855928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Newcastle disease (ND) has importance in the poultry industry across the world. Despite vaccination, outbreaks of ND have been reported from various parts of Pakistan. The purpose of current study was to characterize the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) through different methods i.e., molecular techniques and conventional methods and evaluate their efficiency. To isolate pathogenic NDV, samples were taken from the commercial poultry farms after an outbreak, while for the non-pathogenic NDV isolation commercially available Lasota vaccine was used. In the first step NDV was tested by F gene sequence through RT-PCR. The predicted sequence of the amino acid in fusion protein indicates the following motif 112R-R-Q-R-R-F117 in pathogenic and 112G-R-Q-G-R-L117 in non-pathogenic NDV strains. While in the second phase, the pathotypic characterization of NDV was done through conventional methods like Intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) and Mean death time (MDT). The results from conventional methods were also in agreement with standard values. The findings of current study suggest that for the assessment of genetic nature and the rapid diagnosis of NDV; molecular techniques are better choice than conventional methods.
{"title":"Molecular techniques are better choice as compared to conventional methods for pathotypic characterization of Newcastle disease virus in poultry birds","authors":"M. Hammad, Farid Masoud, M. Luqman, M. S. Mahmood","doi":"10.22194/jgias/10.969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22194/jgias/10.969","url":null,"abstract":"Newcastle disease (ND) has importance in the poultry industry across the world. Despite vaccination, outbreaks of ND have been reported from various parts of Pakistan. The purpose of current study was to characterize the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) through different methods i.e., molecular techniques and conventional methods and evaluate their efficiency. To isolate pathogenic NDV, samples were taken from the commercial poultry farms after an outbreak, while for the non-pathogenic NDV isolation commercially available Lasota vaccine was used. In the first step NDV was tested by F gene sequence through RT-PCR. The predicted sequence of the amino acid in fusion protein indicates the following motif 112R-R-Q-R-R-F117 in pathogenic and 112G-R-Q-G-R-L117 in non-pathogenic NDV strains. While in the second phase, the pathotypic characterization of NDV was done through conventional methods like Intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) and Mean death time (MDT). The results from conventional methods were also in agreement with standard values. The findings of current study suggest that for the assessment of genetic nature and the rapid diagnosis of NDV; molecular techniques are better choice than conventional methods.","PeriodicalId":303968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134151971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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