Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety最新文献_第10页

An inhalation exposure assessment of Hexafluoroisobutylene in pregnant rats 怀孕大鼠吸入六氟异丁烯的暴露评估

IF 6.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117273

Yongchao Gao , Ting Gao , Junhong Gao , Zhiyong Liu , Chao Sun , Xuan Xie , Zhao Yang , Chengying Wu , Can Zou , Mengying Wang , Wangwang Guo , Peng Fan , Hui Deng , Dongyan Shao , Airong Qian , Lifang Hu

Hexafluoroisobutylene (HFIB) is an important compound widely used in semiconductor lithography materials, refrigerants, fluorine coatings, and pharmaceutical intermediates in the fluorination industry. Owing to its toxicity, the occupational exposure in the workplace, especially for pregnant woman is the concern and there is still lack of the data of HFIB toxicity on pregnancy and fetal development. Here, for the first time, we investigated the effects of HFIB on pregnant rats and fetal development. The pregnant rats were exposed to different doses of HFIB (0 ppm, 27.2 ppm, 53.5 ppm, 105.6 ppm) via whole-body inhalation for the period of organogenesis, which from implantation (gestation day 5) to the day prior to scheduled caesarean section (gestation day 19). The results showed that the pregnant rats exposed to 105.6 ppm HFIB displayed systemic toxicity, including a decrease in body weight and food consumption, as well as tracheal inflammation, pulmonary interstitial inflammation and renal tubular swelling. Moreover, reduced fetal and placental weights, delayed ossification, and a reduced number of ossification centers were observed in fetuses delivered by pregnant rats exposed to 105.6 ppm. These effects were attributed to severe maternal weight loss. In addition, it would be useful to note that no whole-body, visceral or skeletal congenital malformations were observed. However, HFIB exposure at 53.5 ppm showed no significant adverse effects on pregnant rats and fetuses. These findings demonstrate that 105.6 ppm HFIB is a toxic concentration, while 53.5 ppm HFIB is the no-observed-adverse-effect concentration (NOAEC) for both pregnancy and fetal development. This study for the first time to provide evidence for the health risk of HFIB exposure on pregnancy and fetal development.

六氟异丁烯（HFIB）是一种重要的化合物，广泛用于半导体光刻材料、制冷剂、氟涂料和氟化工业的医药中间体。由于其毒性，工作场所的职业接触，尤其是孕妇的职业接触是一个令人担忧的问题，目前还缺乏 HFIB 对妊娠和胎儿发育毒性的数据。在此，我们首次研究了 HFIB 对怀孕大鼠和胎儿发育的影响。通过全身吸入不同剂量的 HFIB（百万分之 0、百万分之 27.2、百万分之 53.5 和百万分之 105.6），妊娠大鼠从着床（妊娠第 5 天）到计划剖腹产前一天（妊娠第 19 天）的器官形成期均受到影响。结果表明，暴露于百万分之 105.6 HFIB 的怀孕大鼠显示出全身毒性，包括体重和食量下降，以及气管炎症、肺间质炎症和肾小管肿胀。此外，在接触 105.6 ppm HFIB 的孕鼠分娩的胎儿中，还观察到胎儿和胎盘重量减少、骨化延迟和骨化中心数量减少。这些影响可归因于母体体重的严重下降。此外，值得注意的是，没有观察到全身、内脏或骨骼先天畸形。然而，摄入百万分之 53.5 的 HFIB 对怀孕大鼠和胎儿没有明显的不良影响。这些研究结果表明，百万分之 105.6 的 HFIB 浓度具有毒性，而百万分之 53.5 的 HFIB 浓度对怀孕和胎儿发育均无不良影响。这项研究首次提供了证据，证明接触 HFIB 会对妊娠和胎儿发育造成健康风险。

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引用次数: 0

Modulatory effects of inorganic mercury (Hg (II)) and lead (Pb (II)) on immune responses of Pekin ducklings (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) upon a viral-like immune challenge 无机汞（Hg (II)）和铅（Pb (II)）对病毒样免疫挑战下北京鸭（Anas platyrhynchos domesticus）免疫反应的调节作用

IF 6.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117267

Biyao Han , Alan Kroeze , Hans van den Berg , Ivo Roessink , Nico W. van den Brink

Trace metal contamination is ubiquitous around the world and may affect the health of wildlife. Divalent trace metals, including ions of mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb), have been shown to be immunotoxic to avian species. However, little is known about the immunomodulatory effects of trace metal exposure on viral infections, especially in young birds, who may be more sensitive. Therefore, the objective of the current study is to provide more insights in the causality between trace metal exposure and the effects of exposure on the immune responses in young waterfowls. Pekin duckling was used as an animal model to investigate the effects of inorganic divalent Hg (II) and Pb (II) on avian immune responses upon a viral-like challenge with double-stranded RNA. Our results indicate that Hg (II) altered the immune gene expression 24 h post-challenge, as reflected by induction of pro-inflammatory genes IL-8, iNOS, TLR3 and TLR7, and a significant decrease of microRNA-155. Ducklings exposed to Pb (II) showed lower levels of natural antibodies, reduced white blood cell counts and lower heterophil proportions 24 h post-challenge. Although inorganic divalent Hg (II) and Pb (II) showed specific differential effects on the immune response of Pekin ducklings, the overall adverse immunomodulatory outcomes in both cases point to inflammation, impaired B-cell function, and weaker immunocompetence.

痕量金属污染在世界各地无处不在，可能会影响野生动物的健康。二价痕量金属，包括汞（Hg）和铅（Pb）离子，已被证明对鸟类具有免疫毒性。然而，人们对接触微量金属对病毒感染的免疫调节作用知之甚少，尤其是对幼鸟可能更为敏感。因此，本研究的目的是进一步了解微量金属暴露与暴露对幼年水禽免疫反应的影响之间的因果关系。本研究以北京鸭为动物模型，研究无机二价汞（II）和铅（II）在双链 RNA 病毒样挑战下对禽类免疫反应的影响。结果表明，汞（II）改变了挑战后 24 小时的免疫基因表达，表现为诱导促炎基因 IL-8、iNOS、TLR3 和 TLR7，以及显著降低 microRNA-155。暴露于铅（II）的雏鸭在挑战后 24 小时内表现出较低的天然抗体水平、较低的白细胞计数和较低的异性嗜血杆菌比例。虽然无机二价汞（II）和铅（II）对雏鸭的免疫反应有不同的影响，但两者的总体不良免疫调节结果都指向炎症、B细胞功能受损和免疫能力减弱。

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引用次数: 0

Exposure to alkylphenols during early pregnancy and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: Fetal sex-specific effects 孕早期接触烷基酚与妊娠糖尿病的风险：胎儿性别特异性影响

IF 6.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117270

Lixiang Pang , Huanni Wei , Yanan Wu , Kaiqi Yang , Xiaogang Wang , Jinghua Long , Manlin Chen , Xiaorong Huang , Qihua Zhu , Huishen Huang , Rui Yi , Huiping Wu , Xiaoqiang Qiu , Jun Liang , Dongping Huang

Alkylphenols (APs) may cause gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in pregnant women by impairing glucose metabolism through endocrine disruption. However, the current literature has limited epidemiological evidence on the association between APs exposure and the risk of GDM, especially the lack of evidence on joint exposure. Thus, we evaluated the effect of exposure to APs during early pregnancy on the risk of GDM. The study involved 2035 pregnant women from Guangxi Zhuang Birth Cohort (GZBC) in China. Poisson regression model, restricted cubic spline (RCS), Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), and quantile g-computation (Qgcomp) were conducted to evaluate the effects of serum APs levels on the risk of GDM in pregnant women. For each Ln-unit increase in the serum nonylphenol (NP) of pregnant women, the adjusted relative risk (RR) for GDM risk was 1.12 (95 % CI: 1.00, 1.24). After sex stratification, the effect was more pronounced among pregnant women carrying female fetuses（RR=1.22; 95 % CI: 1.09, 1.38). The serum 4-t-octylphenol (4-T-OP) of the medium-exposure (adjusted RR = 3.25: 95 % CI: 1.30, 8.12) and high-exposure groups (adjusted RR = 2.90: 95 % CI: 1.15, 7.31) were related to a significantly increased risk of GDM in pregnant women carrying female fetuses only when compared to the low-exposure group. A reverse U-shaped nonlinear association was found between 4-n-octylphenol (4-N-OP) and 4-n-nonylphenol (4-N-NP) concentrations and GDM risk, and it was more susceptible in pregnant women carrying female fetuses. The Qgcomp and BKMR models showed that exposure to APs mixtures was correlated with an elevated risk of GDM in pregnant women carrying female fetuses (adjusted OR = 1.90: 95 % CI: 1.07, 3.38). Exposure to APs during early pregnancy may have potential fetal sex-specific effects on the risk of GDM, with pregnant women carrying female fetuses being more susceptible.

烷基酚（APs）可能会通过干扰内分泌来影响葡萄糖代谢，从而导致孕妇患上妊娠糖尿病（GDM）。然而，目前有关接触 APs 与 GDM 风险之间关系的流行病学证据有限，尤其是缺乏有关联合接触的证据。因此，我们评估了孕早期接触 APs 对 GDM 风险的影响。该研究涉及中国广西壮族出生队列（GZBC）中的 2035 名孕妇。研究采用泊松回归模型、限制性立方样条（RCS）、贝叶斯核机器回归（BKMR）和量子g计算（Qgcomp）来评估血清APs水平对孕妇GDM风险的影响。孕妇血清中壬基酚（NP）每增加一个 Ln 单位，GDM 风险的调整相对风险（RR）为 1.12（95 % CI：1.00，1.24）。性别分层后，怀有女胎的孕妇的影响更为明显（RR=1.22；95 % CI：1.09，1.38）。与低暴露组相比，中暴露组（调整后RR=3.25：95 % CI：1.30, 8.12）和高暴露组（调整后RR=2.90：95 % CI：1.15, 7.31）的血清4-T-辛基苯酚（4-T-OP）仅与怀有女胎的孕妇发生GDM的风险显著增加有关。在 4-正辛基苯酚（4-N-OP）和 4-正壬基苯酚（4-N-NP）浓度与 GDM 风险之间发现了反向 U 型非线性关系，而且怀有女性胎儿的孕妇更容易发生 GDM。Qgcomp 和 BKMR 模型显示，接触 APs 混合物与怀有女胎的孕妇发生 GDM 的风险升高相关（调整 OR = 1.90：95 % CI：1.07, 3.38）。孕早期接触杀伤性有机物可能会对胎儿性别特异性产生潜在影响，怀有女胎的孕妇更容易患上三高症。

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引用次数: 0

Synthesis of silver and cobalt nanoparticles and assessment of their effects on germination and biometric parameters in maize (Zea mays L.) 银和钴纳米粒子的合成及其对玉米（Zea mays L.）发芽和生物计量参数影响的评估

IF 6.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117257

João Henrique Vieira de Almeida Junior , Fernando Marcos Brignoli , Michel Esper Neto , Raphaela Mulato Cavalcante , Antonio Carlos Saraiva da Costa , Dimas Augusto Morozin Zaia , Tadeu Takeyoshi Inoue , Marcelo Augusto Batista

Nanomaterials composed of non-nutritive elements are gaining momentum in agriculture. In view of these advances, this study aimed to synthesize and assess the effects of silver (Ag) and cobalt (Co) nanoparticles as seed treatment in maize crops. Nanoparticles were synthesized by coprecipitation and characterized by X-ray diffractometry, transmission electron microscopy, surface area analysis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. An experiment was carried out according to a completely randomized design with a 3 × 5 factorial arrangement. The factors were Ag and Co source (soluble, microparticle, and nanoparticle) and concentration (0, 20, 40, 80, and 160 mg L⁻¹). A total of 50 maize seeds were used per treatment. Seeds were placed on germination paper moistened with distilled water. Germination, biometric parameters (root and shoot lengths), and biomass production were evaluated. Characterization analyses showed that particles ranged from 20 to 100 nm in size and were composed of oxides, such as Ag₂O and Co₃O₄. Nanoparticle treatment improved germination and reduced the incidence of defects. The best results were achieved with 98–106 mg L⁻¹ Ag₂O and 75–80 mg L⁻¹ Co₃O₄. There was no significant change in biometric parameters between treatments.

由非营养元素组成的纳米材料在农业领域的应用日益增多。鉴于这些进展，本研究旨在合成银（Ag）和钴（Co）纳米粒子，并评估其作为玉米作物种子处理剂的效果。纳米粒子通过共沉淀法合成，并通过 X 射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜、表面积分析和傅立叶变换红外光谱进行表征。实验按照 3 × 5 因子排列的完全随机设计进行。因子为 Ag 和 Co 的来源（可溶性、微粒子和纳米粒子）和浓度（0、20、40、80 和 160 mg L-1）。每个处理共使用 50 粒玉米种子。种子放在用蒸馏水浸湿的发芽纸上。对发芽率、生物计量参数（根长和芽长）以及生物量产量进行了评估。表征分析表明，颗粒大小从 20 纳米到 100 纳米不等，由 Ag2O 和 Co3O4 等氧化物组成。纳米颗粒处理提高了发芽率，降低了缺陷发生率。98-106 mg L-1 Ag2O 和 75-80 mg L-1 Co3O4 的效果最好。不同处理之间的生物计量参数没有明显变化。

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引用次数: 0

Deciphering the role of nonylphenol adsorption in soil by microplastics with different polarities and ageing processes 解读不同极性和老化过程的微塑料在土壤中吸附壬基酚的作用

IF 6.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117254

Xinyou Zhang , Wei Guo , Linzhu Du , Junhui Yue , Binyu Wang , Jun Li , Shuhang Wang , Jiang Xia , Zhihao Wu , Xu Zhao , Yue Gao

In the soil environment, microplastics (MPs) commonly coexist with organic pollutants such as nonylphenol (NP), affecting the migration of NP through adsorption/desorption. However, few studies have focused on the interaction between NP and MPs in soil, especially for MPs of different types and ageing characteristics. In this study, non-polar polypropylene (PP) and polar polyamide (PA) MPs were aged either photochemically (144 h) or within soil (60 days), then used to determine the effect of 5 % MPs on the adsorption behaviour of NP (0.1–4.0 mg/L) in soil. Results showed that both ageing processes significantly promoted the conversion of -CH₃ groups to C-O and CO on the surface of PPMPs, while PAMPs exhibited amide groups changes and a reduction in average particle size due to ageing. Additionally, both ageing processes promoted the adsorption of NP by soil containing PPMPs, due to an increase in oxygen-containing functional groups and specific surface area. In contrast, the NP adsorption capacity of soil containing PAMPs decreased by 15.4 % following photochemical ageing due to hydrolysis of amide groups, but increased by 21.15 % after soil ageing due to reorganization of amide groups, respectively. The soil-PAMPs systems exhibited a stronger affinity for NP compared to the soil-PPMPs systems, which was primarily attributed to the dominant role of hydrogen bonding. NP was found to be distributed mainly on soil particles in the soil-PPMPs systems, while it tended to be adsorbed by MPs in the soil-PAMPs systems, especially in the soil aged MPs system. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the complex effects of MPs on coexisting pollutants in soil environments, highlighting the effect of MP characteristics on the adsorption of organic pollutants, which is essential for understanding the transport behaviour of organic pollutants.

在土壤环境中，微塑料（MPs）通常与壬基酚（NP）等有机污染物共存，通过吸附/解吸作用影响 NP 的迁移。然而，很少有研究关注壬基酚和 MPs 在土壤中的相互作用，尤其是针对不同类型和老化特征的 MPs。在本研究中，对非极性聚丙烯（PP）和极性聚酰胺（PA）MPs 进行了光化学老化（144 小时）或在土壤中老化（60 天），然后用来测定 5 % MPs 对土壤中 NP（0.1-4.0 mg/L）吸附行为的影响。结果表明，两种老化过程都显著促进了 PPMPs 表面的 -CH3 基团向 C-O 和 CO 的转化，而 PAMPs 则表现出酰胺基团的变化，平均粒径也因老化而减小。此外，由于含氧官能团和比表面积的增加，这两种老化过程都促进了含有 PPMPs 的土壤对 NP 的吸附。相反，由于酰胺基团的水解，含 PAMPs 的土壤在光化学老化后对 NP 的吸附能力下降了 15.4%，但由于酰胺基团的重组，土壤老化后对 NP 的吸附能力提高了 21.15%。与土壤-PPMPs 系统相比，土壤-PAMPs 系统对 NP 的亲和力更强，这主要归因于氢键的主导作用。在土壤-PPMPs 系统中，NP 主要分布在土壤颗粒上，而在土壤-PAMPs 系统中，NP 往往被 MPs 吸附，尤其是在土壤老化 MPs 系统中。本研究全面分析了 MPs 对土壤环境中共存污染物的复杂影响，突出了 MPs 特性对有机污染物吸附的影响，这对理解有机污染物的迁移行为至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Toxicity of glyphosate herbicides formulated for Africanized Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758 (Hymenoptera: Apidae) 为非洲蜂配制的草甘膦除草剂的毒性（林尼厄斯，1758 年）（膜翅目：猿科

IF 6.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117247

Lucas Battisti , Michele Potrich , Raiza Abati , Amanda Roberta Sampaio , Gabriela Libardoni , Fabiana Martins Costa-Maia , Elizabete Artus Berté , Claudia Bueno dos Reis Martinez , Silvia Helena Sofia

Initially, products based on glyphosate (GLY) were considered non-toxic or slightly toxic to bees. Still, recent research has shown that these products can cause mortality or trigger sublethal effects in these insects. Roundup Transorb R® (RT) is one of the GLY-based formulations sold in Brazil. It is used in several crops, and studies are required on its toxicity to honey bees. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate, under laboratory conditions, the lethal and sublethal effects of RT for adult workers (foragers) of Africanized A. mellifera. For this, two bioassays were carried out with Africanized honey bees. The experimental design was completely randomized, consisting of five treatments (T0 - control, T25 – 25 % GLY, T50 – 50 % GLY, T75 – 75 % GLY, and T100 GLY – 100 % recommended dose). The bioassays were carried out as follows: (1) Acute oral and topical exposure, evaluating mortality, effects on flight capacity, vertical displacement, and locomotion (in the latter only for oral contamination), consisting of five repetitions and 10 honey bees per repetition; (2) Chronic exposure via the oral route and spraying, assessing mortality, for both contamination routes and damage to the midgut epithelium thickness when contaminated via the oral route, composed of five replicates and 20 honey bees per replicate. The results showed that chronic oral exposure to RT can increase honeybee mortality and damage the thickness of their midgut epithelium. In addition, when acutely exposed orally, the honey bees had reduced walking ability. RT did not affect the other evaluated parameters. Thus, it is concluded that the RT-formulated GLY can affect the survival, midgut morphology, and behavior of A. mellifera.

最初，基于草甘膦（GLY）的产品被认为对蜜蜂无毒或有轻微毒性。但最近的研究表明，这些产品会导致这些昆虫死亡或引发亚致死效应。Roundup Transorb R® (RT) 是在巴西销售的基于 GLY 的制剂之一。它被用于多种作物，需要对其对蜜蜂的毒性进行研究。因此，这项工作的目的是在实验室条件下评估 RT 对非洲化 A. mellifera 成年工蜂（觅食者）的致死和亚致死影响。为此，对非洲化蜜蜂进行了两次生物测定。实验设计完全随机，包括五个处理（T0 - 对照、T25 - 25 % GLY、T50 - 50 % GLY、T75 - 75 % GLY 和 T100 GLY - 100 % 建议剂量）。生物测定方法如下：(1) 急性口服和局部接触，评估死亡率、对飞行能力、垂直位移和运动的影响（后者仅针对口服污染），包括五个重复，每个重复 10 只蜜蜂；(2) 通过口服途径和喷洒的慢性接触，评估两种污染途径的死亡率，以及通过口服途径污染时对中肠上皮厚度的损害，包括五个重复，每个重复 20 只蜜蜂。结果表明，长期口服 RT 会增加蜜蜂的死亡率，并损害蜜蜂中肠上皮的厚度。此外，当蜜蜂急性口服暴露于 RT 时，其行走能力会下降。RT 不影响其他评估参数。因此，结论是 RT 配制的 GLY 会影响蜜蜂的存活、中肠形态和行为。

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引用次数: 0

Amplified selenite toxicity in methanogenic archaea mediated by cysteine 半胱氨酸介导的产甲烷古细菌亚硒酸盐毒性增强

IF 6.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117263

Jing-Ya Ma , Yu-Qian Jiang , Xiao-Yu Liu , Xiao-Dong Sun , Yu-Ning Jia , Yue Wang , Miao-Miao Tan , Jian-Lu Duan , Xian-Zheng Yuan

The challenge of understanding the interaction between trace elements and microbial life is critical for assessing environmental and ecological impacts. Nevertheless, cysteine (Cys), a low molecular weight thiol substance prevalent in the ecosystem, is able to influence the fate of certain trace elements, which increases the complexity of the interaction between trace elements and microorganisms. Therefore, we chose Cys, selenite and the model methanogenic archaeon Methanosarcina acetivorans C2A as research targets, and comprehensively explored the intricate role of Cys in modulating the biological effects of selenite on M. acetivorans C2A in terms of population growth, methane production and oxidative stress. Our results demonstrate that Cys significantly exacerbates the inhibitory effects of selenite on growth and methane production in M. acetivorans C2A. This increased toxicity is linked to heightened membrane permeability and oxidative stress, with a marked upregulation in reactive oxygen species and changes in NADPH levels. Transcriptomic analysis reveals alterations in genes associated with transmembrane transport and methanogenesis. Intriguingly, we also observed a potential interaction between selenite and phosphate transmembrane transporters, suggesting a novel pathway for selenite entry into cells. These findings highlight the complex interplay between trace elements and microbial processes, with significant implications for understanding environmental risks and developing remediation strategies.

了解痕量元素与微生物生命之间的相互作用是评估环境和生态影响的关键。然而，生态系统中普遍存在的低分子量硫醇物质半胱氨酸（Cys）能够影响某些微量元素的归宿，这增加了微量元素与微生物之间相互作用的复杂性。因此，我们选择 Cys、亚硒酸盐和模式产甲烷古菌 Methanosarcina acetivorans C2A 作为研究对象，从种群生长、甲烷产生和氧化应激等方面全面探讨了 Cys 在调节亚硒酸盐对 M. acetivorans C2A 生物效应中的复杂作用。我们的研究结果表明，Cys 会明显加剧亚硒酸盐对醋酸菌 C2A 生长和甲烷产生的抑制作用。毒性的增加与膜通透性和氧化应激有关，活性氧明显上调，NADPH 水平发生变化。转录组分析显示，与跨膜运输和甲烷生成相关的基因发生了改变。耐人寻味的是，我们还观察到亚硒酸盐与磷酸盐跨膜转运体之间可能存在相互作用，这表明亚硒酸盐进入细胞有了新的途径。这些发现凸显了微量元素与微生物过程之间复杂的相互作用，对了解环境风险和制定补救策略具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Ameliorative effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extract against arsenic induced histo-biochemical alterations in Labeo rohita 辣木叶提取物对砷诱导的鲮鱼组织生化变化的改善作用

IF 6.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117258

Fakhira Khalid , Hamda Azmat , Noor Khan , Saima

The current study evaluated the efficacy of Moringa oleifera leaf extract in mitigating the histo-biochemical alterations in Labeo rohita caused by arsenic. A medical plant (Moringa oleifera) known for its numerous pharmacological qualities, was added to three different diets at 0, 2, and 4 % level, prepared by mixing M. oleifera leaf extract with the basal diet. The 96 hr lethal concentration of arsenic to Labeo rohita was 20.25 mg L⁻¹. One hundred and eighty healthy individuals of Labeo rohita were divided into four groups. One group served as control and other three groups were subjected to sub-lethal concentration 4.05 mg L⁻¹ (1/5th of LC₅₀) of arsenic, with or without Moringa oleifera leaf extract supplementation for 28 days. Fish exposed to arsenic experienced significant histological alterations, higher cortisol levels, impaired antioxidant status, elevated liver enzymes (ALT, AST, and ALP), and upregulated relative expression of the cytochrome P450 gene.". But, in fish fed with diets containing 2 % or 4 % M. oleifera leaf extract, the histological alterations were reduced, level of liver enzymes, cortisol and the upregulation of anti-oxidant enzyme and cytochrome P450 gene expression was normalized, with (4 %) M. oleifera leaf extract supplemented diet exhibiting stronger effects. These results suggest the protective and therapeutic roles of M. oleifera as a feed supplement in Labeo rohita against arsenic induced toxicity.

本研究评估了油辣木叶提取物在减轻砷引起的鲮鱼组织生化变化方面的功效。研究人员在三种不同的日粮中分别添加了 0%、2% 和 4% 的油辣木叶提取物，并将油辣木叶提取物与基础日粮混合。鲮鱼在 96 小时内的砷致死浓度为 20.25 毫克/升。180 只健康的鲮鱼被分为四组。一组为对照组，其他三组在添加或不添加辣木叶提取物的情况下，接受亚致死浓度为 4.05 mg L-1 （LC50 的 1/5）的砷，为期 28 天。暴露于砷的鱼出现了明显的组织学改变、皮质醇水平升高、抗氧化状态受损、肝酶（ALT、AST 和 ALP）升高以及细胞色素 P450 基因相对表达上调。但是，用含有 2 % 或 4 % 油橄榄叶提取物的食物喂养的鱼，组织学改变减少，肝酶、皮质醇水平以及抗氧化酶和细胞色素 P450 基因表达的上调趋于正常，补充（4 %）油橄榄叶提取物的食物表现出更强的效果。这些结果表明，油橄榄叶提取物作为一种饲料添加剂，对鲮鱼砷中毒具有保护和治疗作用。

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引用次数: 0

Dynamic distribution of tetracycline and its degradation products in different organs of the geophagous earthworm Metaphire guillelmi 四环素及其降解产物在食地蚯蚓 Metaphire guillelmi 不同器官中的动态分布。

IF 6.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117250

Qi Zhao , Guoxun Su , Haowen Chen , Xuemeng Li , Yizhao Wu , Yali Wang , Jiayi Li , Bangyi Yin , Pei Ao , Puguo Hao , Yinsheng Li

Tetracycline (TC) residues in the environment are harmful to plants and animals; earthworms play an important role in detoxicating tetracycline in the soil. However, the response of different systems of the geophagous earthworm to TC and its degradation products is still not understood well. To understand this problem, Metaphire guillelmi were exposed to the soil contaminated by 100 mg kg⁻¹ tetracycline for 21 days. Liquid chromatography was used to detect the tetracycline concentration and its degradation products in different organs of earthworms on the 1st, 7th, and 21st day. Structural equation model (SEM) was used to determine the cumulative interaction of TC among different systems of earthworm. The results showed that the degradation ability of TC of digestive organs (98.29–99.77 %) was stronger than that of reproductive organs (87.46–98.64 %). The main metabolic pathway of TC in earthworms might be direct dehydration. Anhydrotetracycline was the main degradation product in earthworm organs and could last long in production organs. For lipid soluble pollutants, such as TC, the digestive system of earthworms might be the main pathway for absorbing pollutants from the soil. Furthermore, earthworms can expedite the degradation of organic pollutants. Meanwhile, they also need to absorb more nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus, to counteract the impact of pollutants on their antioxidant system and reproductive organs. Our study improves our understanding of the degradation and detoxification mechanism of earthworms to TC, and provides useful information for further assessment of the soil eco-risk.

环境中的四环素（TC）残留物对动植物有害；蚯蚓在土壤中的四环素解毒过程中发挥着重要作用。然而，人们对食土蚯蚓的不同系统对四环素及其降解产物的反应仍不甚了解。为了解这一问题，将 Metaphire guillelmi 暴露于受 100 mg kg-1 四环素污染的土壤中 21 天。在第 1 天、第 7 天和第 21 天，使用液相色谱法检测蚯蚓不同器官中的四环素浓度及其降解产物。采用结构方程模型（SEM）确定四环素在蚯蚓不同系统中的累积相互作用。结果表明，消化器官对 TC 的降解能力（98.29%-99.77%）强于生殖器官（87.46%-98.64%）。蚯蚓体内 TC 的主要代谢途径可能是直接脱水。脱水四环素是蚯蚓器官中的主要降解产物，在生产器官中的降解时间较长。对于 TC 等脂溶性污染物，蚯蚓的消化系统可能是吸收土壤中污染物的主要途径。此外，蚯蚓还能加速有机污染物的降解。同时，蚯蚓还需要吸收更多的氮和磷等营养物质，以抵消污染物对其抗氧化系统和生殖器官的影响。我们的研究加深了人们对蚯蚓对 TC 的降解和解毒机制的了解，为进一步评估土壤生态风险提供了有用的信息。

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引用次数: 0

Transcriptomic insights into the antagonistic responses of Antarctic marbled rockcod, Notothenia rossii, to elevated temperature and acidification 通过转录组深入了解南极大理石斑鳕鱼（Notothenia rossii）对温度升高和酸化的拮抗反应。

IF 6.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117249

Seungyeon Lee , Seung Chul Shin , Jin-Hyoung Kim

The escalating impacts of climate change, particularly ocean acidification and warming, are pivotal stressors for marine ecosystems and have profound effects on biota in polar regions. This study investigated the immunological responses of the Antarctic fish Notothenia rossii to environmental stressors indicative of future ocean conditions under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Shared Socioeconomic Pathways 5–8.5 scenario for 2100. We exposed N. rossii to conditions simulating present-day conditions: control, elevated temperature, acidification, and both stressors combined over six days. Utilizing RNA-Seq for comprehensive gene expression analysis, we identified significant upregulation and downregulation of immune-related pathways, highlighting a complex interplay of genes involved in complement and coagulation cascades, the intestinal immune network for immunoglobulin A production, cytosolic DNA sensing, natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and Interleukin 17 signaling pathways. Our findings revealed a predominantly antagonistic gene expression response, suggesting an intricate balance between energy allocation for maintaining homeostasis and the capacity of the immune system to combat stressors. This reflects a potential adaptive mechanism to combined environmental stressors, underscoring the complexity of immune responses in N. rossii and suggesting both potential vulnerabilities and resilience in the face of climate change. This study provides critical insights into the immunological impacts of acidification and warming on Antarctic marine species, emphasizing the need for further research to unravel the mechanisms underlying these observed changes and inform conservation strategies for polar ecosystems in a changing global climate.

气候变化的影响不断升级，尤其是海洋酸化和变暖，是海洋生态系统的关键压力因素，对极地地区的生物群有着深远的影响。本研究调查了在政府间气候变化专门委员会提出的 2100 年共同社会经济路径 5-8.5 情景下，南极鱼类 Notothenia rossii 对未来海洋条件环境压力的免疫反应。我们将 N. rossii 暴露于模拟当今条件的环境中：对照组、温度升高、酸化以及两种胁迫的综合作用，为期六天。利用 RNA-Seq 进行全面的基因表达分析，我们发现了免疫相关通路的显著上调和下调，突出了参与补体和凝血级联、产生免疫球蛋白 A 的肠道免疫网络、细胞膜 DNA 传感、自然杀伤细胞介导的细胞毒性和白细胞介素 17 信号通路的基因之间复杂的相互作用。我们的研究结果表明，基因表达反应主要是拮抗性的，这表明维持体内平衡的能量分配与免疫系统对抗压力的能力之间存在着错综复杂的平衡。这反映了一种对综合环境压力的潜在适应机制，凸显了 N. rossii 免疫反应的复杂性，并提示了面对气候变化时的潜在脆弱性和恢复能力。这项研究提供了酸化和变暖对南极海洋物种免疫学影响的重要见解，强调了进一步研究的必要性，以揭示这些观察到的变化背后的机制，并为全球气候变化中极地生态系统的保护策略提供信息。

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引用次数: 0