Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety最新文献_第10页

How does copper influence the nitrification inhibition efficiency of dicyandiamide under varying soil moisture levels? 不同土壤湿度下铜对双氰胺抑制硝化效果的影响？

IF 6.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

Pub Date : 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119410

Nathan O. Oduor , Ali Mohd Yatoo , Tracy Opande , Odhiambo O. Nicholas , Abdel-Rahman M. Merwad , Jayne N. Mugwe , Abdullah Mohammed Al-Sadi , Lei Meng , Ahmed S. Elrys

The nitrification process in agricultural systems leads to nitrogen (N) loss and related pollution. The efficiency of dicyandiamide (DCD) towards nitrification inhibition increases when combined with copper (Cu). Yet, the mechanisms by which Cu influences the nitrification inhibition efficiency of DCD under varying soil moisture levels remain unclear. Therefore, our study evaluated the effect of DCD and Cu, solely and in combination, in comparison to urea-only or the CK (soil only), on nitrification inhibition and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emission under different moisture levels (saturated and unsaturated conditions). The results showed that urea-only treatment had significantly lower ammonium retention efficiency compared with the CK, DCD, Cu, and DCD with Cu by 9, 13, 28 and 46 %. Nitrification inhibition rate increased by 122, 71 and 52 % under DCD with Cu, Cu and DCD compared to urea-only treatment. The N₂O emissions were significantly reduced underDCD, Cu, DCD with Cu, and CK treatments by 21, 24, 41 and 62 %, respectively, compared with the urea-only treatment. The increased nitrification inhibition by DCD and Cu is due to suppressed activities and reduced abundance of nitrifier enzymes and genes. Nitrification inhibition was significantly higher in saturated soil than in unsaturated soil under Cu, DCD, DCD with Cu, and CK treatments by 203, 91, 21 and 33 %, respectively. However, N₂O emissions reduction was significantly lower by 133, 99 and 62 % under Cu, CK, and DCD with Cu, respectively, in saturated than in unsaturated soils. Soil moisture at saturation limits oxygen availability, which affects soil microbial activities, hence reducing nitrification inhibition. The understanding of these mechanisms will allow for improvement in nitrification inhibition approaches towards reducing N-related losses and pollution.

农业系统的硝化过程导致氮(N)的损失和相关污染。双氰胺（DCD）与铜（Cu）结合后，抑制硝化的效率提高。然而，Cu在不同土壤湿度条件下影响DCD抑制硝化效果的机制尚不清楚。因此，本研究评估了DCD和Cu单独或联合施用对不同水分水平（饱和和非饱和条件）下硝化抑制和氧化亚氮（N2O）排放的影响，并与单纯尿素或CK（土壤）进行了比较。结果表明：纯尿素处理的铵态氮保留率显著低于CK、DCD、Cu和DCD加Cu处理，分别降低了9、13、28和46 %；与单纯尿素处理相比，Cu、Cu和DCD处理下的硝化抑制率分别提高了122、71和52 %。与单纯尿素处理相比，DCD、Cu、DCD加Cu处理和CK处理的N2O排放量分别显著减少21.4%、24%、41%和62% %。DCD和Cu对硝化抑制作用的增强是由于抑制了硝化酶和硝化基因的活性和丰度。Cu、DCD、DCD加Cu和CK处理对饱和土壤的硝化抑制作用分别显著高于非饱和土壤20.3%、91%、21%和33. %。饱和土壤中Cu、CK和含Cu的DCD处理的N2O排放量分别比非饱和土壤低13.3%、99%和62% %。饱和土壤水分限制了氧的有效性，影响了土壤微生物的活动，从而降低了硝化抑制作用。了解这些机制将有助于改进硝化抑制方法，以减少氮相关的损失和污染。

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引用次数: 0

Toxicity comparison of multiple biodegradable and conventional microplastics on earthworms: Ingestion, tissue damage, oxidative stress, and transcriptional responses 多种可生物降解和常规微塑料对蚯蚓的毒性比较：摄食、组织损伤、氧化应激和转录反应

IF 6.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

Pub Date : 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119415

Chengbo Lu, Haiyang Dong, Hong Li, Xinjie Huang, Yankun Du, Ziyao Ren, Zhiqiang Xu, Bing Li, Lusheng Zhu, Jinhua Wang, Jun Wang

Although the environmental risks pose by biodegradable microplastics (BMPs) have drawn increasing attention, the differences in toxicity and underlying mechanisms between BMPs and conventional microplastics (CMPs) toward soil organisms remain unclear. Furthermore, comparative safety assessments of various types of BMPs lack comprehensive multidimensional data support. This study systematically compared the toxic effects and mechanisms of action of four representative BMPs (polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, poly(butylene succinate), and poly (butyleneadipate-co-terephthalate) and one mainstream CMPs (polyethylene, PE) through a comprehensive multi-faceted analysis. The study was performed at concentrations of 0.25 %, 0.5 %, and 1 % (w/w), using earthworms (Eisenia fetida) as the test organism, and employed multi-faceted analyses, including ingestion, oxidative stress, tissue damage, and transcriptomic responses. These results indicated that BMPs were more readily ingested by earthworms and subsequently fragmented compared to PE microplastics. Different types of microplastics affected different parts of the earthworm’s epidermis and intestinal tissues, resulting in varying degrees of damage. Exposure to different types of microplastics induced oxidative stress in earthworms, which was closely related to the microplastics type, exposure concentration, and duration. At the transcriptional level, both BMPs and PE microplastics exposure affected pathways linked to carbohydrate, protein and lipid synthesis, inflammatory and immune responses, energy metabolism, and cellular homeostasis in earthworms, whereas BMPs exposure also significantly influenced pathways associated with apoptosis. Overall, the toxicity of BMPs to earthworms was comparable to or higher than that of PE microplastics. Our results provide novel insights into the ecological risk assessment of BMPs in terrestrial ecosystems.

尽管可生物降解微塑料（BMPs）对土壤生物造成的环境风险已引起越来越多的关注，但生物降解微塑料与传统微塑料（cmp）对土壤生物的毒性差异及其潜在机制尚不清楚。此外，不同类型bmp的比较安全性评估缺乏全面的多维数据支持。本研究系统比较了四种具有代表性的bmp（聚乳酸、聚己内酯、聚丁二酸丁二酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯）和一种主流的cmp（聚乙烯、PE）的毒性作用和作用机制。该研究在0.25 %、0.5 %和1 % （w/w）浓度下进行，以蚯蚓（Eisenia fetida）作为试验生物，并采用多方面分析，包括摄食、氧化应激、组织损伤和转录组反应。这些结果表明，与PE微塑料相比，bmp更容易被蚯蚓摄入并随后破碎。不同类型的微塑料会影响蚯蚓表皮和肠道组织的不同部位，造成不同程度的损害。不同类型微塑料对蚯蚓氧化应激的影响与微塑料的类型、暴露浓度和持续时间密切相关。在转录水平上，BMPs和PE微塑料暴露都会影响蚯蚓与碳水化合物、蛋白质和脂质合成、炎症和免疫反应、能量代谢和细胞稳态相关的途径，而BMPs暴露也会显著影响与凋亡相关的途径。总体而言，bmp对蚯蚓的毒性与PE微塑料相当或更高。我们的研究结果为陆地生态系统bmp的生态风险评估提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Behavior of PAEs in coastal mangroves: Transfer in sediment-water interface and bioaccumulation in aquatic food web (Dongzhai Harbor, Hainan Island, China) 滨海红树林中PAEs的行为：沉积物-水界面迁移和水生食物网生物积累（海南岛东寨港）

IF 6.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

Pub Date : 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119395

Jianan Liu , Yuyan Liu , Haofeng Liu , Lin Wang , Xianbiao Lin , Ye Li , Min Liu

This study integrated MixSimmr-based food web mixing matrices with the fugacity model to quantify PAEs diffusion across the sediment-water interface and trophic bioaccumulation in Dongzhai Harbor mangroves (Hainan, China) and elucidated their linkage. Results showed that the fugacity fraction (ff) gradually decreased with the increase of carbon-chain length and molecular weight of PAEs, and PAEs with high-molecular-weight were more inclined to transfer and enrich into the sediment. Rapidly exchanged and highly water-soluble dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) entered organisms via gill respiration, whereas slowly exchanged and poorly soluble di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) accumulated through food intake. The transfer kinetics of PAEs across the sediment-water interface govern their uptake route into organisms. However, this relationship was modulated by species-specific feeding habits and the physicochemical properties of individual PAEs. Fish with distinct feeding habits exhibited divergent PAEs accumulation and degradation. Highly hydrophobic PAEs adsorbed onto sediments are more prone to biomagnification through predation by benthic or demersal carnivorous and omnivorous fish. Among various degradation pathways, the highly soluble DMP is primarily eliminated through gill respiration, whereas DEP, DBP, BBP, and DEHP are mainly removed via excretion. The metabolic half-lives of PAEs within organisms increased with increasing octanol-water partition coefficient (K_OW) value. These findings offer critical insights for conserving mangrove ecosystems and guiding sustainable resource use.

Synopsis

PAEs, global emerging pollutants, enter mangroves via runoff and deposition, then adsorb and transfer within the ecosystem. This study employed models to explore the transfer of PAEs in mangrove ecosystem.

本研究将mixsimmr食物网混合矩阵与逸度模型相结合，量化了海南东寨港红树林PAEs在沉积物-水界面的扩散和营养生物积累，并阐明了它们之间的联系。结果表明，随着PAEs碳链长度和分子量的增加，PAEs的逸出分数（ff）逐渐降低，高分子量PAEs更倾向于向沉积物中转移富集。快速交换的高水溶性邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMP）、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP）和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）通过鳃呼吸进入生物体，而缓慢交换的难溶性邻苯二甲酸二乙己酯（DEHP）通过食物摄入积累。PAEs通过沉积物-水界面的转移动力学决定了它们进入生物的吸收途径。然而，这种关系受到物种特有的摄食习性和个体PAEs的物理化学性质的调节。不同食性的鱼类PAEs的积累和降解表现出不同的特征。高疏水性PAEs吸附在沉积物上更容易被底栖或底栖肉食性和杂食性鱼类捕食而被生物放大。在各种降解途径中，高可溶性DMP主要通过鳃呼吸消除，而DEP、DBP、BBP和DEHP主要通过排泄去除。PAEs在生物体内的代谢半衰期随着辛醇-水分配系数（KOW）值的增加而增加。这些发现为保护红树林生态系统和指导资源的可持续利用提供了重要的见解。paes是全球新出现的污染物，通过径流和沉积进入红树林，然后在生态系统内吸附和转移。本研究采用模型探讨了红树林生态系统中PAEs的转移。

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引用次数: 0

Phosphorus availability affects the efficiency of plant–white rot fungus remediation of soil contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by altering microbial community structure and functions 磷有效性通过改变微生物群落结构和功能影响植物-白腐菌修复多环芳烃污染土壤的效率

IF 6.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

Pub Date : 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119396

Xiaodong Ma , Aihua Wang , Li Li , Xia Li , Junxiang Liu , Haiming Kan , Ao Li , Zhenyuan Sun

White rot fungi and soil microbial communities at the hyphosphere influence phosphorus availability through their interactions. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of different phosphorus forms on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during plant–white rot fungus remediation remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of different forms of phosphorus supplementation on the diversity of soil microbial community during plant–white rot fungus remediation and their correlation with PAH biodegradation through amplicon high-throughput sequencing. Salix viminalis was cultivated under two fungal (inoculated and non-inoculated with Crucibulum laeve) and three phosphorus levels (no phosphorus addition, potassium dihydrogen phosphate addition, and calcium phytate addition) to remediate phenanthrene (PHE)-contaminated soil. Among the treatments, two potassium dihydrogen phosphate addition treatments exhibited the highest PHE removal rates (74.0 % and 79.4 %) on day 60. Inoculation with C. laeve significantly increased the relative abundance of Pseudomonas but antagonized other putative indigenous PAH-degrading taxa. The addition of potassium dihydrogen phosphate alleviated the antagonistic effect of C. laeve and indigenous microorganisms and synergistically promoted PHE degradation in soil with C. laeve, whereas calcium phytate addition did not significantly improve soil PHE removal rates. The simultaneous addition of phosphorus and C. laeve inoculation created a unique microbial community structure that facilitated organic phosphorus activation and accelerated phosphorus turnover. However, PHE degradation varied depending on the phosphorus form. Therefore, the addition of soluble phosphorus should be prioritized over organic phosphorus to optimize plant–white rot fungus remediation.

白腐真菌和土壤微生物群落通过相互作用影响磷的有效性。然而，在植物白腐菌修复过程中，不同形态磷对多环芳烃（PAHs）影响的机制尚不清楚。因此，本研究旨在通过扩增子高通量测序研究不同补磷形式对植物-白腐菌修复过程中土壤微生物群落多样性的影响及其与多环芳烃生物降解的相关性。在两种真菌（接种和未接种十字花科植物）和三种磷水平（不添加磷、添加磷酸二氢钾和添加植酸钙）下培养柳（Salix viminalis）修复菲污染土壤。其中，添加磷酸二氢钾处理在第60天的PHE去除率最高（74.0 %和79.4% %）。接种假单胞菌显著增加了假单胞菌的相对丰度，但拮抗了其他假定的本地多环芳烃降解类群。添加磷酸二氢钾可缓解草霉与本地微生物的拮抗作用，并能协同促进草霉对土壤中PHE的降解，而添加植酸钙对土壤中PHE的去除率没有显著提高。同时添加磷和接种金针叶形成了独特的微生物群落结构，促进了有机磷的活化，加速了磷的周转。然而，PHE的降解取决于磷的形式。因此，应优先添加可溶性磷，而不是有机磷，以优化植物-白腐菌修复。

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引用次数: 0

The modifying role of selenium in the association between heavy metals exposure and mortality risk in adults: A cohort study based on NHANES 硒在重金属暴露与成人死亡风险相关性中的调节作用：一项基于NHANES的队列研究

IF 6.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

Pub Date : 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119461

Zicong Shao , Guang Yao , Qian Liu , Keni Zhang , Kaiwen Wang , Xinyi Li , Weize Kong , Xu Hui , Yanan Wu , Yongbin Lu , Li Ma

While cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) exposure are associated with increased mortality and selenium (Se) may mitigate these effects, large-scale epidemiological evidence remains limited and the underlying mechanisms unclear. To address this, this study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2013–2017) and employed multivariate Cox models, restricted cubic splines, and interaction analyses to assess the associations of serum Se, Cd, and Pb with mortality, with mediation analysis conducted to explore the role of inflammatory pathways. Elevated blood levels of Cd (HR: 2.90, 95 % CI:1.72–4.88) and Pb (HR: 2.02, 95 % CI: 1.11–3.68) were associated with increased all-cause mortality risk. RCS analysis revealed positive linear dose-response relationships for Cd (P _overall < 0.001, P _nonlinear = 0.173) and Pb (P _overall < 0.001, P _nonlinear = 0.070), while a negative non-linear dose-response relationship was observed for Se (P _overall < 0.001, P _nonlinear < 0.001). Notably, under high Cd exposure, individuals with high Se levels had substantially lower all-cause mortality risk (HR: 1.32, 95 % CI:0.90–1.94) compared to those with low Se levels (HR: 3.43, 95 % CI:2.23–5.29). Similarly, under high Pb exposure, high Se levels (HR: 0.76, 95 % CI:0.31–1.84) were associated with a lower mortality risk compared to low Se levels (HR: 2.64, 95 % CI:1.13–6.16). Furthermore, mediation analyses indicated that neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, albumin-to-creatinine ratio, and neutrophil percentage-to-albumin ratio partially mediated Se's protective effect, accounting for 16.10 %, 6.30 %, and 8.80 % of the total effect, respectively. In conclusion, Se may mitigate the detrimental effects of Cd and Pb exposure on mortality risk, potentially through the modulation of inflammatory responses.

虽然镉（Cd）和铅（Pb）暴露与死亡率增加有关，硒（Se）可能减轻这些影响，但大规模流行病学证据仍然有限，潜在机制尚不清楚。为了解决这一问题，本研究利用了美国国家健康与营养调查（NHANES, 2013-2017）的数据，并采用多变量Cox模型、限制三次样条和相互作用分析来评估血清硒、镉和铅与死亡率的关系，并进行了中介分析，以探索炎症途径的作用。血中Cd （HR: 2.90, 95 % CI:1.72-4.88）和Pb （HR: 2.02, 95 % CI: 1.11-3.68）水平升高与全因死亡风险增加相关。RCS分析显示，Cd （< 0.001， p非线性= 0.173）和Pb （< 0.001， p非线性= 0.070）呈线性正相关，Se （< 0.001， p非线性< 0.001）呈非线性负相关。值得注意的是，在高镉暴露下，高硒水平个体的全因死亡风险（HR: 1.32, 95 % CI:0.90-1.94）明显低于低硒水平个体（HR: 3.43, 95 % CI:2.23-5.29）。同样，在高铅暴露下，与低硒水平（HR: 2.64, 95 % CI:1.13-6.16）相比，高硒水平（HR: 0.76, 95 % CI:0.31-1.84）与较低的死亡风险相关。此外，中介分析表明，中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比率、白蛋白与肌酐比率和中性粒细胞百分比与白蛋白比率部分介导硒的保护作用，分别占总效应的16.10 %、6.30 %和8.80 %。综上所述，硒可能通过调节炎症反应来减轻镉和铅暴露对死亡风险的有害影响。

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引用次数: 0

Functional profile reveals distinct risk potential of airborne and fecal antibiotic-resistant pathogen in animal farms 功能特征揭示了动物养殖场空气传播和粪便耐药病原体的明显风险潜力

IF 6.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

Pub Date : 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119483

Jian Li , Haixia Zhang , Yajie Guo , Mo Chen , Qiaolin Xu , Xuming Wang , Min Gao

Animal farms serve as reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria (ARPBs), which may pose health risks to both animals and workers. Here, tetracycline- and erythromycin-resistant bacteria were screened from aerosols and fecal samples at four types of animal farms, with their taxonomic and functional profiles determined via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed that environmental habitat type was the primary driver of beta diversity, with significant differences observed in the taxonomic (R² = 0.104, p < 0.01) and functional (R² = 0.163, p < 0.01) compositions of ARPBs between aerosol and fecal samples. Environmental habitats influenced taxonomic and functional alpha diversity (both Shannon index and richness) differently. Acquired antibiotic resistance may influence the distribution of dominant pathogens across diverse environmental habitats, a trend exemplified by the clinically significant pathogens Staphylococcus spp, which was more abundant in tetracycline-resistant aerosol samples. Functional analysis revealed that antibiotic-resistant communities were enriched with pathogenic bacteria. Specifically, pathogenicity-related functions were elevated by 12.3 % (tetracycline resistance) and 11.6 % (erythromycin resistance) in indoor aerosols compared to fecal samples (p < 0.05). These communities also exhibited distinct metabolic shifts: nitrogen metabolism increased by 25.8 % and 28.7 %, while carbon metabolism concurrently decreased by 30.4 % and 31.3 % for tetracycline and erythromycin resistant strains, respectively. This study reveals the functional and taxonomic profiles of ARPBs in various habitats, emphasizing the importance for multi-dimensional analyses to evaluate the risks potential and ecological roles in AMR pollution hotspots, including but not limited to farming environments.

动物养殖场是耐抗生素致病菌（ARPBs）的储存库，可能对动物和工人造成健康风险。在这里，从四种动物养殖场的气溶胶和粪便样本中筛选了四环素和红霉素耐药细菌，并通过16S rRNA基因测序确定了它们的分类和功能特征。结果表明，环境生境类型是影响β多样性的主要因素，气溶胶和粪便样品中ARPBs的分类组成（R²= 0.104,p <； 0.01）和功能组成（R²= 0.163,p <； 0.01）存在显著差异。环境生境对分类学和功能性α多样性（Shannon指数和丰富度）有不同的影响。获得性抗生素耐药可能会影响优势病原体在不同环境栖息地的分布，临床重要病原体葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus spp）在四环素耐药气溶胶样本中更为丰富就是一个例证。功能分析显示，耐药菌群富集致病菌。具体而言，与粪便相比，室内气溶胶的致病性相关功能提高了12. %（四环素耐药）和11.6 %（红霉素耐药）（p <； 0.05）。这些群落也表现出明显的代谢变化：四环素耐药菌株和红霉素耐药菌株的氮代谢分别增加了25.8 %和28.7 %，碳代谢同时下降了30.4 %和31.3 %。本研究揭示了不同生境中arpb的功能和分类特征，强调了在包括但不限于农业环境的AMR污染热点地区进行多维分析的重要性，以评估潜在风险和生态作用。

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引用次数: 0

A mining-specific Potential Risk Level Index (“quarRISK®”): Applicability and scope for the European extractive sector 特定于采矿业的潜在风险水平指数（“quarRISK®”）：欧洲采掘业的适用性和范围

IF 6.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

Pub Date : 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119450

Humberto Serrano-García , Fernando Barrio-Parra , Luis Jesús Fernández-Gutiérrez del Álamo , Miguel Izquierdo-Díaz , Luis Felipe Mazadiego , Eduardo De Miguel

This study introduces a novel mine-specific Potential Risk Level Index, named “quarRISK®”, designed for the preliminary risk assessment of aggregate and critical raw materials (CRM) operations in the European Union. This model addresses the need for accessible tools for hierarchization and prioritization of exposure scenarios according to their relative potential to pose risks to human health or the environment. The model provides a preliminary estimation of the potential risk of extraction sites by integrating information on the toxicity of chemicals at the site, contamination potential, migration capacity, and receptor sensitivity. With a low data demand, the model classifies potential environmental risk into four levels (low, moderate, high, very high), offering valuable information for risk management and potential detailed geochemical characterizations necessary for conducting more comprehensive risk analyses (Tier 2). To assess the robustness of the model, 30 risk evaluations were conducted at two European quarries, considering both on-site and off-site exposure scenarios. The results revealed high potential risks associated with dust inhalation by workers and contaminant runoff into aquatic ecosystems, underscoring the model's utility in identifying critical environmental aspects linked to extractive activities. The primary innovation of this tool lies in its operational simplicity, positioning it as a valuable instrument for harmonizing environmental risk evaluation criteria in the extractive sector in the European Union, facilitating decision-making, and promoting the environmental sustainability of mining operations.

本研究引入了一种新的特定于矿山的潜在风险水平指数，名为“quarRISK®”，用于欧盟骨料和关键原材料（CRM）业务的初步风险评估。该模型解决了根据对人类健康或环境构成风险的相对潜力对接触情景进行分层和优先排序的便利工具的需求。该模型通过综合现场化学品的毒性、污染潜力、迁移能力和受体敏感性等信息，提供了对提取地点潜在风险的初步估计。在数据需求较低的情况下，该模型将潜在的环境风险分为四个级别（低、中、高、非常高），为风险管理提供了有价值的信息，并为进行更全面的风险分析（Tier 2）提供了潜在的详细地球化学特征。为了评估模型的稳健性，在两个欧洲采石场进行了30次风险评估，考虑了现场和非现场暴露情景。研究结果揭示了工人吸入粉尘和污染物流入水生生态系统的高潜在风险，强调了该模型在确定与采掘活动相关的关键环境方面的实用性。该工具的主要创新在于操作简单，使其成为协调欧洲联盟采掘部门环境风险评价标准、促进决策和促进采矿业务环境可持续性的宝贵工具。

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引用次数: 0

Cumulative generational effects of periodic heat events on two geographic populations of Agasicles hygrophila (Chrysomelidae), a classical biocontrol agent of invasive weed Alternanthera philoxeroides 周期性热事件对两个地理种群的累积代际效应(英文

IF 6.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

Pub Date : 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119449

Jisu Jin , Meiting Zhao , Fanghao Wan , Jianying Guo

Agasicles hygrophila (Chrysomelidae) is a specialized biological control agent for the invasive alligatorweed, Alternanthera philoxeroides. In mid-summer in Changsha City, Hunan Province, rising temperatures caused a substantial decline in the local A. hygrophila population, resulting in ineffective weed control. However, the beetle continued to feed on A. philoxeroides during the same period in Wanning City, Hainan Province. We hypothesized that heat events are the key factors driving the differing fluctuations between the two geographic populations. In this study, we investigated the development, survival, and fecundity of these two geographic populations across multiple consecutive generations under periodic heat exposure. There were no significant differences in fecundity, developmental duration, or survival across three consecutive generations for both populations under periodic heatwave 33 °C (4 h) compared with the control 30 °C (4 h). Population development has remained robust in both cases. However, periodic heat stress at 36 °C (4 h) significantly impacted the development and fecundity of the Changsha population, including reduced female fecundity, prolonged developmental periods across all stages, and decreased survival rates, all adversely affecting population development. The Wanning population experienced a slight decline in female fecundity during the treatment. At 39 °C (4 h), all the F2 generation eggs of the Changsha population failed to hatch. The sex ratio was significantly skewed toward females. While the Wanning population produced F2 generation larvae, none of them developed to the pupal stage. Neither population completed F2 generation development. These findings elucidate the effect of heat stress on cumulative generational effects in both populations of A. hygrophila. They also suggested that the Wanning population might possess greater heat tolerance than the Changsha population, providing valuable insights into the adaptive strategies for insects and other organisms facing climate change.

拟水草（agagicles hygrophila）是一种专门防治短吻鳄草（Alternanthera philoxeroides）的生物制剂。湖南省长沙市盛夏气温升高，导致当地嗜水田鼠种群数量大幅下降，导致杂草防治效果不佳。但同期在海南省万宁市，该甲虫仍在继续捕食黄粉瓢虫。我们假设，热事件是驱动两个地理种群之间不同波动的关键因素。在本研究中，我们研究了这两个地理种群在周期性热暴露下连续多代的发育、生存和繁殖力。与对照30°C（4 h）相比，在33°C（4 h）周期性热浪条件下，两个种群连续三代的繁殖力、发育持续时间或存活率均无显著差异。在这两个国家，人口发展仍然强劲。然而，36°C（4 h）的周期性热应激显著影响长沙种群的发育和繁殖力，包括雌性繁殖力降低，各阶段发育周期延长，存活率下降，均对种群发展产生不利影响。在处理期间，万宁种群的雌性繁殖力略有下降。在39℃（4 h）温度下，长沙种群F2代卵全部孵化失败。性别比例明显向女性倾斜。万宁种群产生的F2代幼虫均未发育到蛹期。两个种群都没有完成F2代发育。这些研究结果阐明了热应激对两个种群嗜水杨累积代效应的影响。他们还认为，万宁种群可能比长沙种群具有更强的耐热性，这为昆虫和其他生物面对气候变化的适应策略提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Temporal dynamics of inflammatory mediators and cytokines in CEES-induced lung and liver injury: Transition from acute inflammation to chronic immune dysregulation 炎症介质和细胞因子在cees诱导的肺和肝损伤中的时间动态：从急性炎症到慢性免疫失调的转变。

IF 6.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

Pub Date : 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119386

Mohsen Varmazyar , Zahra Kianmehr , Tooba Ghazanfari , Rasoul Rashidi , Sussan Kaboudanian Ardestani

Sulfur mustard (SM), a potent alkylating agent, induces acute and chronic inflammatory and oxidative injuries in multiple organs. However, the temporal progression of these pathological processes remains poorly understood. This study investigated the time-dependent alterations of inflammatory mediators and cytokines in a mouse model exposed to the sulfur mustard analog, 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES). Male BALB/c mice (n = 10 per time point; total ≈ 100) received a single intraperitoneal injection of CEES (10 mg/kg) or vehicle. At scheduled intervals (12h–6 months), animals were euthanized, and lung, liver, and spleen tissues were collected for analysis. Levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were quantified in lung and liver tissues, while tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels were measured in splenocyte cultures using ELISA. CEES exposure triggered distinct time-dependent alterations in inflammatory mediators and cytokines. In lung tissues, MMP-9, COX-2, and iNOS showed early upregulation and late reactivation, whereas hepatic changes appeared mainly in the long-term phase. Cytokine profiling revealed a biphasic response characterized by sustained TNF-α elevation, transient IL-10 recovery, long-term IL-4 suppression, and dual-phase modulation of IFN-γ (initial suppression, medium-term elevation, and late decline). These dynamic patterns reflect a transition from acute inflammation to chronic immune dysregulation and fibrotic remodeling. Overall, these findings provide mechanistic insight into the temporal dynamics of CEES-induced inflammation and highlight potential therapeutic windows for targeting oxidative stress and cytokine-mediated pathways to mitigate long-term tissue injury caused by vesicant exposure.

硫芥（SM）是一种强效的烷基化剂，可引起多器官急慢性炎症和氧化损伤。然而，这些病理过程的时间进展仍然知之甚少。本研究研究了暴露于硫芥类似物2-氯乙基乙基硫醚（CEES）的小鼠模型中炎症介质和细胞因子的时间依赖性改变。雄性BALB/c小鼠（n = 每个时间点10只，总数≈100只）接受单次腹腔注射CEES（10 mg/kg）或载药。每隔一段时间（12 -6个月）对动物实施安乐死，收集肺、肝、脾组织进行分析。采用ELISA法测定肺、肝组织中基质金属蛋白酶-9 （MMP-9）、环氧化酶-2 （COX-2）、诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）水平；脾细胞培养物中肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α)、干扰素-γ (IFN-γ)、白细胞介素-4 （IL-4）、白细胞介素-10 （IL-10）水平。CEES暴露引发了炎症介质和细胞因子明显的时间依赖性改变。在肺组织中，MMP-9、COX-2和iNOS表现为早期上调和晚期再激活，而肝脏的变化主要出现在长期阶段。细胞因子分析显示，双相反应的特征是持续的TNF-α升高，短暂的IL-10恢复，长期的IL-4抑制，以及IFN-γ的双相调节（初始抑制，中期升高和后期下降）。这些动态模式反映了从急性炎症到慢性免疫失调和纤维化重塑的转变。总的来说，这些发现为cees诱导炎症的时间动态提供了机制见解，并强调了针对氧化应激和细胞因子介导途径的潜在治疗窗口，以减轻由发泡剂暴露引起的长期组织损伤。

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引用次数: 0

Protective effects of taurochenodeoxycholic acid on aflatoxin B1-induced hepatic pyroptosis and gut-liver dysfunction 牛磺酸脱氧胆酸对黄曲霉毒素b1诱导的肝焦亡和肝功能障碍的保护作用。

IF 6.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

Pub Date : 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119432

Conghui Xu, Xinghe Wang, Xiaoge Zhang, Jia Yao, Yingying Lu, Gaofeng Wu, Weiwei Li, Jiancheng Yang

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a potent mycotoxin that poses significant risks to food safety, public health, and livestock production. Taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA), a bioactive bile acid, exhibits hepatoprotective and intestinal barrier-modulating potential; however, its role in mitigating AFB1 toxicity remains unclear. This study employed a broiler model to evaluate the protective effects of TCDCA against AFB1–induced hepatic and intestinal injury. The results demonstrated that TCDCA treatment significantly improved growth performance impaired by AFB1 exposure. TCDCA alleviated hepatic lesions, decreased serum hepatic enzyme activities, and suppressed hepatocyte apoptosis and oxidative stress. Mechanistically, TCDCA modulated AFB1 detoxification by downregulating hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP1A2 and CYP3A4), thereby reducing the formation of AFB1–DNA adducts. Furthermore, TCDCA attenuated pyroptosis and inflammation by lowering serum inflammatory cytokine contents and inhibiting activation of the hepatic NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathway. In the intestine, TCDCA improved the villus morphology, upregulated the expression of tight junction proteins including zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), claudin-1 (CLDN1), occludin (Occludin), and mucin-2 (MUC2), reduced serum diamine oxidase (DAO) activity and D-lactate level, and restored secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) content, thereby strengthening intestinal barrier integrity. Additionally, 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that TCDCA mitigated AFB1–induced gut microbiota dysbiosis by increasing the abundance of Akkermansia and decreasing harmful genera such as Megamonas. Collectively, TCDCA mitigates AFB1–induced growth suppression and hepatotoxicity through mechanisms involving metabolic regulation, antioxidation, inhibition of pyroptosis and inflammation, reinforcement of intestinal barrier function, and modulation of gut microbiota.

黄曲霉毒素B1 （AFB1）是一种强效真菌毒素，对食品安全、公共卫生和畜牧生产构成重大风险。牛磺酸脱氧胆酸（TCDCA）是一种生物活性胆汁酸，具有肝脏保护和肠道屏障调节的潜力；然而，其在减轻AFB1毒性中的作用尚不清楚。本研究采用肉仔鸡模型，研究TCDCA对afb1诱导的肝和肠损伤的保护作用。结果表明，TCDCA处理显著改善了AFB1暴露受损的生长性能。TCDCA减轻肝脏病变，降低血清肝酶活性，抑制肝细胞凋亡和氧化应激。机制上，TCDCA通过下调肝细胞色素P450酶（CYP1A2和CYP3A4）来调节AFB1解毒，从而减少AFB1- dna加合物的形成。此外，TCDCA通过降低血清炎症细胞因子含量和抑制肝脏NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD信号通路的激活来减轻焦亡和炎症。在肠道中，TCDCA改善了肠绒毛形态，上调了紧密连接蛋白occludula -1 （ZO-1）、CLDN1 （CLDN1）、occludin （occludin）和mucin-2 （MUC2）的表达，降低了血清二胺氧化酶（DAO）活性和d -乳酸水平，恢复了分泌性免疫球蛋白A （sIgA）含量，从而增强了肠道屏障的完整性。此外，16S rRNA测序显示，TCDCA通过增加Akkermansia的丰度和减少有害属（如Megamonas）来减轻afb1诱导的肠道微生物群失调。总的来说，TCDCA通过代谢调节、抗氧化、抑制焦亡和炎症、增强肠道屏障功能和调节肠道微生物群等机制减轻afb1诱导的生长抑制和肝毒性。

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引用次数: 0