C. T. McAllister, Ryan P. Shannon, T. Fayton, H. Robison
The green frog, Rana clamitans, has been reported as a host of several hemoparasites, including trypanosomes and Hepatozoon spp. In Arkansas, however, there are no reports of any hemoparasites in R. clamitans nor from any other anuran from the state. We collected 9 green frogs from Polk County and blood was taken from their facial musculocutaneous vein in heparinized capillary tubes. Thin blood smears were also made and stained with DipQuick stain. Seven out of 9 (78%) R. clamitans were infected with hematozoans. Three (33%) were infected with an unknown species of Hepatozoon and 4 (44%) were infected with trypanosomes of 3 distinct morphologies. Mixed infections were found in 5 (56%) of the hosts. Here, we provide the first report of hemoparasites in R. clamitans from Arkansas, including morphometric data and photomicrographs of the infections.
{"title":"Hemoparasites (Apicomplexa: Hepatozoon; Kinetoplastida: Trypanosoma) of Green Frogs, Rana clamitans (Anura: Ranidae) from Arkansas","authors":"C. T. McAllister, Ryan P. Shannon, T. Fayton, H. Robison","doi":"10.54119/jaas.2020.7415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54119/jaas.2020.7415","url":null,"abstract":"The green frog, Rana clamitans, has been reported as a host of several hemoparasites, including trypanosomes and Hepatozoon spp. In Arkansas, however, there are no reports of any hemoparasites in R. clamitans nor from any other anuran from the state. We collected 9 green frogs from Polk County and blood was taken from their facial musculocutaneous vein in heparinized capillary tubes. Thin blood smears were also made and stained with DipQuick stain. Seven out of 9 (78%) R. clamitans were infected with hematozoans. Three (33%) were infected with an unknown species of Hepatozoon and 4 (44%) were infected with trypanosomes of 3 distinct morphologies. Mixed infections were found in 5 (56%) of the hosts. Here, we provide the first report of hemoparasites in R. clamitans from Arkansas, including morphometric data and photomicrographs of the infections.","PeriodicalId":30423,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42169752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Tumlison, Matt Connior, Blake Sasse, Henry Robison, Stan Trauth, S. Higdon, L. Baer, Z. Baer, R. Stinson, D. Carson, T. Inebnit, L. Lewis, Roger Perry, Ronald K. Redman
Smaller details of natural history often go undocumented to science if those details are not parts of larger studies, but small details can provide insights that lead to interesting questions about ecological relationships or environmental change. We have compiled recent important observations of distribution and reproduction of fishes and mammals. Included are new distributional records of mammals, and observations of reproduction in several mammals for which few data exist in Arkansas. A rare record of the
{"title":"Vertebrate Natural History Notes from Arkansas, 2020","authors":"C. Tumlison, Matt Connior, Blake Sasse, Henry Robison, Stan Trauth, S. Higdon, L. Baer, Z. Baer, R. Stinson, D. Carson, T. Inebnit, L. Lewis, Roger Perry, Ronald K. Redman","doi":"10.54119/jaas.2020.7411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54119/jaas.2020.7411","url":null,"abstract":"Smaller details of natural history often go undocumented to science if those details are not parts of larger studies, but small details can provide insights that lead to interesting questions about ecological relationships or environmental change. We have compiled recent important observations of distribution and reproduction of fishes and mammals. Included are new distributional records of mammals, and observations of reproduction in several mammals for which few data exist in Arkansas. A rare record of the","PeriodicalId":30423,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47358992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The eastern screech owl ( Megascops asio ) is a small owl that is relatively common in eastern North America. Nothing is known of the parasites of this owl in Arkansas. Here, we document 3 helminths from a single injured M. asio that subsequently died and was donated by a rehabilitation center for parasitic examination. Found were 2 digenetic trematodes, Brachylaima mcintoshi and Neodiplostomum americanum , and a habronematid nematode, Excisa excisiformis . The former trematode represents a new host record for M. asio , and B. mcintoshi and E. excisiformis are reported from Arkansas for the first time.
{"title":"Helminth Parasites of Eastern Screech Owl, Megascops asio (Aves: Strigiformes: Strigidae) from Arkansas","authors":"C. T. McAllister, H. Robison","doi":"10.54119/jaas.2020.7413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54119/jaas.2020.7413","url":null,"abstract":"The eastern screech owl ( Megascops asio ) is a small owl that is relatively common in eastern North America. Nothing is known of the parasites of this owl in Arkansas. Here, we document 3 helminths from a single injured M. asio that subsequently died and was donated by a rehabilitation center for parasitic examination. Found were 2 digenetic trematodes, Brachylaima mcintoshi and Neodiplostomum americanum , and a habronematid nematode, Excisa excisiformis . The former trematode represents a new host record for M. asio , and B. mcintoshi and E. excisiformis are reported from Arkansas for the first time.","PeriodicalId":30423,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science","volume":"348 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41258638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nasal nematodes of the genus Skrjabingylus occur in the mammalian families Mustelidae and Mephitidae, and in North America occur from Canada to Costa Rica. Ingestion of infected snails, frogs, snakes, or mice can infect mammalian hosts. Infection often causes pathology to bones in the sinus region, which may lead to discoloration, enlargement, and fenestrations of the bone. Examination of museum specimens for evidence of infection has been used to detect prior infection, but prevalence and intensity cannot be interpreted without actually recovering the parasite. We examined Mustelids and Mephitids in collections of mammals housed at Arkansas State University (ASU), Henderson State University (HSU), and the University of Arkansas at Little Rock (UALR) to evaluate the possible occurrence of nasal nematodes in Arkansas mammals. Evidence of infection was found in skulls of the Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis), Spotted Skunk (Spilogale putorius), Mink (Neovison vison), Long-tailed Weasel (Mustela frenata), and North American River Otter (Lontra canadensis) from Arkansas. We report for the first time evidence of the presence and distribution of Skrjabingylus sp. infecting mammals in Arkansas.
{"title":"Occurrence of the Sinus Nematode Skrjabingylus sp. (Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea) Inferred from Sinus Lesions in Arkansas Mustelidae and Mephitidae, with review of relevant literature","authors":"C. Tumlison, T. Tumlison","doi":"10.54119/jaas.2019.7322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54119/jaas.2019.7322","url":null,"abstract":"Nasal nematodes of the genus Skrjabingylus occur in the mammalian families Mustelidae and Mephitidae, and in North America occur from Canada to Costa Rica. Ingestion of infected snails, frogs, snakes, or mice can infect mammalian hosts. Infection often causes pathology to bones in the sinus region, which may lead to discoloration, enlargement, and fenestrations of the bone. Examination of museum specimens for evidence of infection has been used to detect prior infection, but prevalence and intensity cannot be interpreted without actually recovering the parasite. We examined Mustelids and Mephitids in collections of mammals housed at Arkansas State University (ASU), Henderson State University (HSU), and the University of Arkansas at Little Rock (UALR) to evaluate the possible occurrence of nasal nematodes in Arkansas mammals. Evidence of infection was found in skulls of the Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis), Spotted Skunk (Spilogale putorius), Mink (Neovison vison), Long-tailed Weasel (Mustela frenata), and North American River Otter (Lontra canadensis) from Arkansas. We report for the first time evidence of the presence and distribution of Skrjabingylus sp. infecting mammals in Arkansas.","PeriodicalId":30423,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44894681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Howell, V. Kodali, R. Segall, H. Aboudja, D. Berleant
Understanding how technology changes over time is important for industry, science, and government policy. Empirical examination of the capability of technologies across various domains reveals that they often progress at an exponential rate. In addition, mathematical models of technological development have proven successful in deepening our understanding. One area that has not been shown to demonstrate exponential trends, until recently, has been space travel. This paper will present plots illustrating trends in the mean lifespan of satellites whose lifespans ended in a given year. Our study identifies both Wright’s law and Moore’s law regressions. For the Moore’s law regression, we found a doubling time of approximately 15 years. For Wright’s law we can see an approximate doubling of lifespan with every doubling of accumulated launches. We conclude by presenting a conundrum generated by the use of Moore’s law that is the subject of ongoing research.
{"title":"Moore's Law and Space Exploration: New Insights and Next Steps","authors":"M. Howell, V. Kodali, R. Segall, H. Aboudja, D. Berleant","doi":"10.54119/jaas.2019.7303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54119/jaas.2019.7303","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding how technology changes over time is important for industry, science, and government policy. Empirical examination of the capability of technologies across various domains reveals that they often progress at an exponential rate. In addition, mathematical models of technological development have proven successful in deepening our understanding. One area that has not been shown to demonstrate exponential trends, until recently, has been space travel. This paper will present plots illustrating trends in the mean lifespan of satellites whose lifespans ended in a given year. Our study identifies both Wright’s law and Moore’s law regressions. For the Moore’s law regression, we found a doubling time of approximately 15 years. For Wright’s law we can see an approximate doubling of lifespan with every doubling of accumulated launches. We conclude by presenting a conundrum generated by the use of Moore’s law that is the subject of ongoing research.","PeriodicalId":30423,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48694734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Hunter, M. Marasco, Ilerioluwa Sowande, N. P. Hilliard
Through the use of proteomics, it was uncovered that the autotrophic, aerobic purple sulfur bacterium Halothiobacillus neapolitanus displays changes in cellular levels of portions of its carbon dioxide uptake and fixation mechanisms upon switch from bicarbonate to CO2(g) as carbon source. This includes an increase in level of a heterodimeric bicarbonate transporter along with a potential switch between form I and form II of RubisCO. Additional changes are seen in several sulfur oxidation pathways, which may indicate a link between sulfur oxidation pathways as an energy source and carbon uptake/fixation mechanisms.
{"title":"Proteomics of Carbon Fixation Energy Sources in Halothiobacillus neapolitanus","authors":"J. Hunter, M. Marasco, Ilerioluwa Sowande, N. P. Hilliard","doi":"10.54119/jaas.2019.7326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54119/jaas.2019.7326","url":null,"abstract":"Through the use of proteomics, it was uncovered that the autotrophic, aerobic purple sulfur bacterium Halothiobacillus neapolitanus displays changes in cellular levels of portions of its carbon dioxide uptake and fixation mechanisms upon switch from bicarbonate to CO2(g) as carbon source. This includes an increase in level of a heterodimeric bicarbonate transporter along with a potential switch between form I and form II of RubisCO. Additional changes are seen in several sulfur oxidation pathways, which may indicate a link between sulfur oxidation pathways as an energy source and carbon uptake/fixation mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":30423,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49478455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The plains spotted skunk (Spilogale putorius interrupta) was previously considered a common animal across much of the central United States. However, this subspecies has undergone a severe population decline and the current rarity of this subspecies has led to it being petitioned for protection under the Endangered Species Act (Gompper and Hackett 2005, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 2012). While difficult to find across most of its range, it can still be found, though uncommon, in the Arkansas Ozarks and Ouachitas (Hackett et al. 2007; Lesmeister et al. 2009; Perry et al. 2018; Sasse and Gompper 2006; Sasse 2018). The Arkansas Game and Fish Commission requires buyers of fur pelts to report on the number and species of pelts purchased each year and records from 19431990 were summarized by region. Pelt purchases from the Delta and Gulf Coastal Plains as well as all post1990 spotted skunk pelt purchases were negligible and are not included (Sasse and Gompper 2006). Data on spotted skunk pelt purchases in the Ozark Plateau region of Missouri is from Sampson (1980). In order to allow for comparisons across regions data was standardized to harvest/1000 square kilometers (Figure 1). Purchases in all three regions were relatively high in the 1940s but began a steep decline in the Missouri Ozarks in the mid-1940s and in the Arkansas Ozarks and Ouachitas in the early 1950s. While purchases in the Missouri Ozarks continued to decline slowly the Arkansas Ozarks saw a modest recovery in the early 1960s and in the mid-1970s nearly returned to 1940s harvest levels. Curiously, there was no increase in Ouachitas purchases in the mid-1960s however it too returned to 1940s levels in 1978. Although Missouri Ozarks purchases increased 460% from 1971 to 1974 it was still much lower than seen in earlier years. Arkansas spotted skunk pelt purchases have been shown to be dependent on pelt price and these spikes in purchases occurred in years with higher spotted skunk values (Sasse and Gompper 2006), however, in other states this relationship with price has not always been as strong, especially in recent decades as harvest has become incidental to take of other species (Clark et al. 1985; Gompper and Hackett 2005; Sasse 2018; Sasse and Gompper 2006). Like other mountainous areas of spotted skunk range, total pelt purchases in these regions of Arkansas and Missouri were relatively small. The increased trapper effort associated with high fur prices in the 1970s did not result in similar increases in spotted skunk harvests in formerly-prairie lands that had been converted to agriculture and that previously had extremely dense spotted skunk populations (Gompper and Hackett 2005). Since fur purchases in the Ozarks and Ouachitas in the mid-1960s and 1970s were similar to those observed in the 1940s, and lacking any other data upon which to assess spotted skunk population trends, this suggests that populations in these regions did not decline from the 1940s through the 1970s as
平原斑点臭鼬(Spilogale putorius interrupta)以前被认为是美国中部大部分地区的一种常见动物。然而，这个亚种经历了严重的数量下降，目前这个亚种的稀缺性导致它被申请保护濒危物种法案(Gompper和Hackett 2005，美国鱼类和野生动物管理局2012)。虽然很难在其大部分范围内找到，但在阿肯色州的奥扎克和瓦希塔仍然可以找到它，尽管不常见(Hackett et al. 2007;Lesmeister et al. 2009;Perry et al. 2018;Sasse and Gompper 2006;水闸2018)。阿肯色州狩猎和鱼类委员会要求毛皮购买者报告每年购买的毛皮的数量和种类，并按地区总结了从1943年到1990年的记录。三角洲和墨西哥湾沿岸平原的毛皮购买以及所有1990年后的斑点臭鼬毛皮购买都可以忽略不计，没有包括在内(Sasse和Gompper 2006)。密苏里州欧扎克高原地区的斑点臭鼬皮购买数据来自Sampson(1980)。为了便于区域间的比较，数据被标准化为每1000平方公里的采收量(图1)。在20世纪40年代，这三个地区的采收量都相对较高，但在20世纪40年代中期，密苏里奥扎克地区的采收量开始急剧下降，在20世纪50年代初，阿肯色州奥扎克和瓦希塔斯地区的采收量开始急剧下降。虽然密苏里州奥扎克地区的购买量继续缓慢下降，但阿肯色州的奥扎克地区在20世纪60年代初出现了温和的复苏，到70年代中期几乎恢复到20世纪40年代的收成水平。奇怪的是，在20世纪60年代中期，瓦希塔酒的购买量没有增加，但在1978年也回到了40年代的水平。尽管从1971年到1974年，密苏里州欧扎克的购买量增加了460%，但仍远低于早些年的水平。阿肯色州斑点臭鼬毛皮的购买已被证明依赖于毛皮价格，这些购买高峰发生在斑点臭鼬价值较高的年份(Sasse和Gompper, 2006)，然而，在其他州，这种与价格的关系并不总是那么强，特别是在最近几十年，因为收获成为偶然的其他物种(Clark et al. 1985;Gompper and Hackett 2005;水闸2018;Sasse and Gompper 2006)。像其他有斑点臭鼬出没的山区一样，阿肯色州和密苏里州这些地区的皮总购买量相对较小。20世纪70年代，由于毛皮价格高，捕猎者的努力有所增加，但在已转为农业的前草原土地上，斑点臭鼬的收成并没有出现类似的增加，而这些土地以前有极其密集的斑点臭鼬种群(Gompper和Hackett, 2005)。由于20世纪60年代中期和70年代在奥扎克和瓦希塔斯的毛皮购买量与20世纪40年代的观察结果相似，并且缺乏任何其他数据来评估斑点臭鼬的数量趋势，这表明这些地区的数量从20世纪40年代到70年代并没有像其他地方那样下降(Gompper和Hackett 2006)。近年来，大量的研究都集中在类似的生态系统上(Wilson et al. 2016;Thorne et al. 2017;Sprayberry和Edelman 2018)，但在阐明俄克拉何马州、堪萨斯州、爱荷华州和密苏里州北部出现的下降的原因或解决方案方面可能不是特别有用。因此，它们目前的稀缺性可能代表了它们的历史地位，并意味着那些尚未得到很好理解的因素，这些因素使20世纪上半叶在大平原上发展出非常密集的种群，但与奥扎克和瓦希塔斯等大部分森林覆盖的山区无关。
{"title":"Plains Spotted Skunk Pelt Purchase Trends in the Ozarks and Ouachitas, 1943-1990","authors":"D. Sasse","doi":"10.54119/jaas.2019.7315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54119/jaas.2019.7315","url":null,"abstract":"The plains spotted skunk (Spilogale putorius interrupta) was previously considered a common animal across much of the central United States. However, this subspecies has undergone a severe population decline and the current rarity of this subspecies has led to it being petitioned for protection under the Endangered Species Act (Gompper and Hackett 2005, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 2012). While difficult to find across most of its range, it can still be found, though uncommon, in the Arkansas Ozarks and Ouachitas (Hackett et al. 2007; Lesmeister et al. 2009; Perry et al. 2018; Sasse and Gompper 2006; Sasse 2018). The Arkansas Game and Fish Commission requires buyers of fur pelts to report on the number and species of pelts purchased each year and records from 19431990 were summarized by region. Pelt purchases from the Delta and Gulf Coastal Plains as well as all post1990 spotted skunk pelt purchases were negligible and are not included (Sasse and Gompper 2006). Data on spotted skunk pelt purchases in the Ozark Plateau region of Missouri is from Sampson (1980). In order to allow for comparisons across regions data was standardized to harvest/1000 square kilometers (Figure 1). Purchases in all three regions were relatively high in the 1940s but began a steep decline in the Missouri Ozarks in the mid-1940s and in the Arkansas Ozarks and Ouachitas in the early 1950s. While purchases in the Missouri Ozarks continued to decline slowly the Arkansas Ozarks saw a modest recovery in the early 1960s and in the mid-1970s nearly returned to 1940s harvest levels. Curiously, there was no increase in Ouachitas purchases in the mid-1960s however it too returned to 1940s levels in 1978. Although Missouri Ozarks purchases increased 460% from 1971 to 1974 it was still much lower than seen in earlier years. Arkansas spotted skunk pelt purchases have been shown to be dependent on pelt price and these spikes in purchases occurred in years with higher spotted skunk values (Sasse and Gompper 2006), however, in other states this relationship with price has not always been as strong, especially in recent decades as harvest has become incidental to take of other species (Clark et al. 1985; Gompper and Hackett 2005; Sasse 2018; Sasse and Gompper 2006). Like other mountainous areas of spotted skunk range, total pelt purchases in these regions of Arkansas and Missouri were relatively small. The increased trapper effort associated with high fur prices in the 1970s did not result in similar increases in spotted skunk harvests in formerly-prairie lands that had been converted to agriculture and that previously had extremely dense spotted skunk populations (Gompper and Hackett 2005). Since fur purchases in the Ozarks and Ouachitas in the mid-1960s and 1970s were similar to those observed in the 1940s, and lacking any other data upon which to assess spotted skunk population trends, this suggests that populations in these regions did not decline from the 1940s through the 1970s as","PeriodicalId":30423,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42950802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microsatellites are short tandem repeats (e.g. TAGATAGA) of base pairs in a species’ genome. High mutation rates in these regions produce variation in the number of repeats across individuals that can be utilized to study patterns of population-and landscape-level genetics and to determine parentage genetically. In this project our objective was to develop microsatellite markers for the House Finch, Haemorhous mexicanus . This species has become one of the most well-studied species of songbirds due to its unique geographical, evolutionary, and epidemiological history. Using mist-nets we captured birds on the Arkansas Tech University campus and collected blood samples to obtain genomic DNA. Samples were processed in The Field Museum’s Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution, where we fragmented genomic DNA and isolated fragments that contained potential microsatellites using specially designed biotin labelled probes. These DNA fragments were transformed into competent E. coli cells which were then PCR-amplified and Sanger sequenced. After sequencing DNA fragments from approximately 500 E. coli colonies, we designed and characterized a set of 13 tetranucleotide microsatellite loci. The average number of alleles and heterozygosity found in 12 individuals from Arkansas was 8.69 and 0.80, respectively. This finalized set of microsatellites can be utilized by researchers to determine parentage and characterize genetic differences across
{"title":"De novo Development and Characterization of Tetranucleotide Microsatellite Loci Markers from a Southeastern Population of the House Finch (Haemorhous mexicanus)","authors":"Edgar Sanchez, J. Maddox, D. G. Barron","doi":"10.54119/jaas.2019.7310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54119/jaas.2019.7310","url":null,"abstract":"Microsatellites are short tandem repeats (e.g. TAGATAGA) of base pairs in a species’ genome. High mutation rates in these regions produce variation in the number of repeats across individuals that can be utilized to study patterns of population-and landscape-level genetics and to determine parentage genetically. In this project our objective was to develop microsatellite markers for the House Finch, Haemorhous mexicanus . This species has become one of the most well-studied species of songbirds due to its unique geographical, evolutionary, and epidemiological history. Using mist-nets we captured birds on the Arkansas Tech University campus and collected blood samples to obtain genomic DNA. Samples were processed in The Field Museum’s Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution, where we fragmented genomic DNA and isolated fragments that contained potential microsatellites using specially designed biotin labelled probes. These DNA fragments were transformed into competent E. coli cells which were then PCR-amplified and Sanger sequenced. After sequencing DNA fragments from approximately 500 E. coli colonies, we designed and characterized a set of 13 tetranucleotide microsatellite loci. The average number of alleles and heterozygosity found in 12 individuals from Arkansas was 8.69 and 0.80, respectively. This finalized set of microsatellites can be utilized by researchers to determine parentage and characterize genetic differences across","PeriodicalId":30423,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47670884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. T. McAllister, L. Durden, C. Bursey, J. Hnida, V. Tkach, T. J. Achatz
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{"title":"Parasites (Trematoda, Nematoda, Phthiraptera) of Two Arkansas Raptors (Accipitriformes: Accipitridae; Strigiformes: Strigidae)","authors":"C. T. McAllister, L. Durden, C. Bursey, J. Hnida, V. Tkach, T. J. Achatz","doi":"10.54119/jaas.2019.7321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54119/jaas.2019.7321","url":null,"abstract":".","PeriodicalId":30423,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70913573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bilateral Diaphyseal Chondrodysplasia and Polymorphic Osteodysplasia of the Tibiofibulas in a Southern Leopard Frog, Lithobates sphenocephalus (Amphibia: Anura: Ranidae)","authors":"S. Trauth, M. Mccallum","doi":"10.54119/jaas.2019.7301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54119/jaas.2019.7301","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30423,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44573211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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