C. Tumlison, C. T. McAllister, H. Robison, M. Connior, Ronald K. Redman, S. Trauth, Paul R. Port
Important observations of natural history often go unreported because they are not part of larger studies, but small details can provide insights that lead to interesting questions about ecological relationships or environmental change. We have compiled recent important observations of distribution, deformities, foods, parasites, and reproduction of various vertebrates. Included are a new record of Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens), a new size record of mudpuppy (Necturus louisianensis), and a second observation of bilateral gynandromorphism in a Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis).
{"title":"Vertebrate Natural History Notes from Arkansas, 2019","authors":"C. Tumlison, C. T. McAllister, H. Robison, M. Connior, Ronald K. Redman, S. Trauth, Paul R. Port","doi":"10.54119/jaas.2019.7313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54119/jaas.2019.7313","url":null,"abstract":"Important observations of natural history often go unreported because they are not part of larger studies, but small details can provide insights that lead to interesting questions about ecological relationships or environmental change. We have compiled recent important observations of distribution, deformities, foods, parasites, and reproduction of various vertebrates. Included are a new record of Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens), a new size record of mudpuppy (Necturus louisianensis), and a second observation of bilateral gynandromorphism in a Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis).","PeriodicalId":30423,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44056078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chris T. McAllister, Henry W. Robison, Paul G. Davison
{"title":"Dumortier's Liverwort, Dumortiera hirsuta (Sw.) Nees (Hepaticophyta: Marchantiales: Dumortieraceae) in Arkansas","authors":"Chris T. McAllister, Henry W. Robison, Paul G. Davison","doi":"10.54119/jaas.2019.7318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54119/jaas.2019.7318","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30423,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41977232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Formerly a bird of Central America, Mexico, and the southwestern United States, the Inca Dove ( Columbina inca ) has expanded northward across North America in the past few decades. It first appeared in Arkansas on October 26, 1968 in Saratoga, Howard County. Since then, the statewide range has grown to include at least 36 of 75 counties and is expanding. With the use of Christmas Bird Counts, Breeding Bird Surveys, and 2 citizen science sources, eBird and AR-Birds, we compiled 368 records of the species in the state. Inca Doves were observed year-round in Arkansas and are expanding their range in the state at an average rate of about 1 new county every 7 years and an increase of about 1 new report of the species every year. An overview of its overall range in North America indicates that there is enough data to warrant a redrawing of the range map for the species to include most of Arkansas.
{"title":"History and Current Status of the Inca Dove (Columbina inca) in Arkansas","authors":"R. Kannan, J. Jackson, Ethan Brooks","doi":"10.54119/jaas.2019.7308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54119/jaas.2019.7308","url":null,"abstract":"Formerly a bird of Central America, Mexico, and the southwestern United States, the Inca Dove ( Columbina inca ) has expanded northward across North America in the past few decades. It first appeared in Arkansas on October 26, 1968 in Saratoga, Howard County. Since then, the statewide range has grown to include at least 36 of 75 counties and is expanding. With the use of Christmas Bird Counts, Breeding Bird Surveys, and 2 citizen science sources, eBird and AR-Birds, we compiled 368 records of the species in the state. Inca Doves were observed year-round in Arkansas and are expanding their range in the state at an average rate of about 1 new county every 7 years and an increase of about 1 new report of the species every year. An overview of its overall range in North America indicates that there is enough data to warrant a redrawing of the range map for the species to include most of Arkansas.","PeriodicalId":30423,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41908620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recommended Citation Surf, Allison; Nordengren, Kevin; Tumlison, C. Renn; and Irwin, Kelly (2019) "Observations of an Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) Nest and Behavior of Hatchlings in Clark County, with anecdotal observations of other Alligator Nests in Arkansas," Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 73 , Article 22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54119/jaas.2019.7312 Available at: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol73/iss1/22
{"title":"Observations of an Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) Nest and Behavior of Hatchlings in Clark County, with anecdotal observations of other Alligator Nests in Arkansas","authors":"A. Surf, Kevin Nordengren, C. Tumlison, K. Irwin","doi":"10.54119/jaas.2019.7312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54119/jaas.2019.7312","url":null,"abstract":"Recommended Citation Surf, Allison; Nordengren, Kevin; Tumlison, C. Renn; and Irwin, Kelly (2019) \"Observations of an Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) Nest and Behavior of Hatchlings in Clark County, with anecdotal observations of other Alligator Nests in Arkansas,\" Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 73 , Article 22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54119/jaas.2019.7312 Available at: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol73/iss1/22","PeriodicalId":30423,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47424610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Haemogregarina sp. (Apicomplexa: Eucoccidiorida: Adeleorina) from Eastern Spiny Softshell, Apalone spinifera spinifera (Testudines: Trionychidae), from Arkansas","authors":"C. T. McAllister, H. Robison","doi":"10.54119/jaas.2019.7317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54119/jaas.2019.7317","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30423,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41578453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Hunt, M. Grilliot, T. Best, Collin S. Deen, D. Lozano-Lopez, E. Neilson, Taytumn R. Schlegel-Ridgway
We analyzed the energy content of seeds of Texas doveweed ( Croton texensis ) obtained from the crops of mourning doves ( Zenaida macroura ) collected from plains-mesa sand-scrub habitat in Eddy and Lea counties, New Mexico. Seeds were removed from crops and dried for 48 hours at 60°C to remove moisture and to standardize masses. Seeds were then analyzed for gross caloric value (i.e., energy content) in an oxygen bomb calorimeter. Energy content of seeds of Texas doveweed was greater than that of many seeds previously reported from the diet of mourning doves.
{"title":"Energy Content of Seeds of Texas Doveweed (Croton texensis) from the Diet of Mourning Doves (Zenaida macroura) from Southeastern New Mexico","authors":"J. Hunt, M. Grilliot, T. Best, Collin S. Deen, D. Lozano-Lopez, E. Neilson, Taytumn R. Schlegel-Ridgway","doi":"10.54119/jaas.2019.7305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54119/jaas.2019.7305","url":null,"abstract":"We analyzed the energy content of seeds of Texas doveweed ( Croton texensis ) obtained from the crops of mourning doves ( Zenaida macroura ) collected from plains-mesa sand-scrub habitat in Eddy and Lea counties, New Mexico. Seeds were removed from crops and dried for 48 hours at 60°C to remove moisture and to standardize masses. Seeds were then analyzed for gross caloric value (i.e., energy content) in an oxygen bomb calorimeter. Energy content of seeds of Texas doveweed was greater than that of many seeds previously reported from the diet of mourning doves.","PeriodicalId":30423,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45696355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Highland Stoneroller ( Campostoma spadiceum ) was described as a distinct species in 2010. Since then, the only study specific to this species is a survey of distribution, and nothing is known about reproduction. We examined 134 lots including 315 specimens of C. spadiceum housed in the Henderson State University collection of fishes to evaluate the timing of reproductive events. We dissected individuals to reveal sex and reproductive status. Females as small as 49 mm total length were yolking eggs, and follicles were in development by October. Ripe (mature) eggs were present in specimens collected from January through May, but were most common in March through May. Several females had oviposited in early March, and most specimens that appeared to have spawned had done so likely in April. Nuptial tubercles appeared on males as early as January and February, but most adult males were fully tuberculated from March through May.
{"title":"The Reproductive Season of the Highland Stoneroller, Campostoma spadiceum, Evidenced by Museum Specimens","authors":"C. Tumlison, H. Robison, G. Wills","doi":"10.54119/jaas.2019.7314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54119/jaas.2019.7314","url":null,"abstract":"The Highland Stoneroller ( Campostoma spadiceum ) was described as a distinct species in 2010. Since then, the only study specific to this species is a survey of distribution, and nothing is known about reproduction. We examined 134 lots including 315 specimens of C. spadiceum housed in the Henderson State University collection of fishes to evaluate the timing of reproductive events. We dissected individuals to reveal sex and reproductive status. Females as small as 49 mm total length were yolking eggs, and follicles were in development by October. Ripe (mature) eggs were present in specimens collected from January through May, but were most common in March through May. Several females had oviposited in early March, and most specimens that appeared to have spawned had done so likely in April. Nuptial tubercles appeared on males as early as January and February, but most adult males were fully tuberculated from March through May.","PeriodicalId":30423,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47504475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Type Inference is used in programming languages to improve writability. In this paper, we will be looking more specifically at Local Variable Type Inference (LVTI). For those unfamiliar with LVTI, we will also give an in-depth explanation of what it is and how it works. There is a lot of debate surrounding Type Inference in modern day programming languages. More specifically, whether the costs associated with LVTI outweigh the benefits. It has found its way into many higher-level languages including C#, C++, JavaScript, Swift, Kotlin, Rust, Go, etc. In this paper, we will look at the usefulness of LVTI and its popularity since the release of Java 10. Our study will show that LVTI in Java has not received widespread adoption. We will also explain a possible reason for this, based on the information we have gather from our empirical study which involved statically analyzing 6 popular open source Java 10 projects. We will also discuss different scenarios in which Type Inference can obscure different programming errors.
{"title":"Analyzing the Adoption Rate of Local Variable Type Inference in Open-source Java 10 Projects","authors":"Clayton Liddell, Donghoon Kim","doi":"10.54119/jaas.2019.7311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54119/jaas.2019.7311","url":null,"abstract":"Type Inference is used in programming languages to improve writability. In this paper, we will be looking more specifically at Local Variable Type Inference (LVTI). For those unfamiliar with LVTI, we will also give an in-depth explanation of what it is and how it works. There is a lot of debate surrounding Type Inference in modern day programming languages. More specifically, whether the costs associated with LVTI outweigh the benefits. It has found its way into many higher-level languages including C#, C++, JavaScript, Swift, Kotlin, Rust, Go, etc. In this paper, we will look at the usefulness of LVTI and its popularity since the release of Java 10. Our study will show that LVTI in Java has not received widespread adoption. We will also explain a possible reason for this, based on the information we have gather from our empirical study which involved statically analyzing 6 popular open source Java 10 projects. We will also discuss different scenarios in which Type Inference can obscure different programming errors.","PeriodicalId":30423,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44065889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Notes on the Natural History of Selected Invertebrates from Arkansas, 2019","authors":"M. Connior, R. Tumlison, H. Robison","doi":"10.54119/jaas.2019.7307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54119/jaas.2019.7307","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30423,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47438092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ozark National Scenic Riverways (OZAR) was established to protect the corridor of the Current River and its major tributary, the Jacks Fork. The Current River is one of the few remaining free-flowing rivers in the U.S., with much of its base flow coming from several large springs. To assess the biological condition of these rivers, aquatic invertebrate community structure was monitored from 2005 to 2014. Benthic invertebrate samples and associated habitat and water quality data were collected from each of nine sampling sites using a Slack-Surber sampler. The Stream Condition Index (SCI), a multimetric index that incorporates taxa richness, EPT (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera) richness, Shannon’s diversity index, and Hilsenhoff Biotic Index (HBI), was calculated. The benthic invertebrate fauna was diverse with 155 distinct taxa identified from all sites. Mean taxa richness was high, ranging from 22 to 30 among sites. The invertebrate taxa of the Current River and Jacks Fork are largely intolerant across all taxa represented (mean tolerance value= ~4.25). Mean HBI did not exceed 3.9 in the Current River or 4.4 for the Jacks Fork. Mean SCI scores across sampling sites generally were well above 16, indicating they are not impaired. Habitat and water quality data were summarized, but they were poorly correlated with individual invertebrate metrics. Sørenson’s similarity index was used to assess community similarity among sites, and similarity scores were then analyzed using ascendant hierarchical cluster analysis. Similarity among sites was 72% or greater. Cluster analysis showed that Current River and Jacks Fork sites clustered separately and in a downstream progression. The uppermost collection site on the Current River was most unlike the other sites, which probably relates to the distinct physical features of that site compared to the others. Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) was used to evaluate the relationship of invertebrate metrics to habitat and water quality. The NMDS model was found to be a good fit (stress=0.04) and specific conductance, temperature, discharge, filamentous algae and aquatic vegetation were among the most important habitat variables in defining the relationship among sampling sites. The three lower Current River and Jacks Fork sites each were closely grouped in ordination space, but the three upper Current River sites were farther apart from each other. The influence of several large volume springs near those sites is suspected of producing such disparity through press type disturbances. Although the invertebrate communities and water quality in the Current River and Jacks Fork are largely sound and have high biological condition, ongoing and projected threats to these resources remain, and those threats largely originate outside park jurisdictional boundaries. Inherent variability of invertebrate community diversity across sites and years highlights the importance of using multi-metric assessments and mult
{"title":"Aquatic Invertebrate Community Structure, Biological Condition, Habitat, and Water Quality at Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Missouri, 2005-2014","authors":"D. Bowles, L. Morrison, J. Cribbs","doi":"10.54119/jaas.2018.7205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54119/jaas.2018.7205","url":null,"abstract":"Ozark National Scenic Riverways (OZAR) was established to protect the corridor of the Current River and its major tributary, the Jacks Fork. The Current River is one of the few remaining free-flowing rivers in the U.S., with much of its base flow coming from several large springs. To assess the biological condition of these rivers, aquatic invertebrate community structure was monitored from 2005 to 2014. Benthic invertebrate samples and associated habitat and water quality data were collected from each of nine sampling sites using a Slack-Surber sampler. The Stream Condition Index (SCI), a multimetric index that incorporates taxa richness, EPT (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera) richness, Shannon’s diversity index, and Hilsenhoff Biotic Index (HBI), was calculated. The benthic invertebrate fauna was diverse with 155 distinct taxa identified from all sites. Mean taxa richness was high, ranging from 22 to 30 among sites. The invertebrate taxa of the Current River and Jacks Fork are largely intolerant across all taxa represented (mean tolerance value= ~4.25). Mean HBI did not exceed 3.9 in the Current River or 4.4 for the Jacks Fork. Mean SCI scores across sampling sites generally were well above 16, indicating they are not impaired. Habitat and water quality data were summarized, but they were poorly correlated with individual invertebrate metrics. Sørenson’s similarity index was used to assess community similarity among sites, and similarity scores were then analyzed using ascendant hierarchical cluster analysis. Similarity among sites was 72% or greater. Cluster analysis showed that Current River and Jacks Fork sites clustered separately and in a downstream progression. The uppermost collection site on the Current River was most unlike the other sites, which probably relates to the distinct physical features of that site compared to the others. Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) was used to evaluate the relationship of invertebrate metrics to habitat and water quality. The NMDS model was found to be a good fit (stress=0.04) and specific conductance, temperature, discharge, filamentous algae and aquatic vegetation were among the most important habitat variables in defining the relationship among sampling sites. The three lower Current River and Jacks Fork sites each were closely grouped in ordination space, but the three upper Current River sites were farther apart from each other. The influence of several large volume springs near those sites is suspected of producing such disparity through press type disturbances. Although the invertebrate communities and water quality in the Current River and Jacks Fork are largely sound and have high biological condition, ongoing and projected threats to these resources remain, and those threats largely originate outside park jurisdictional boundaries. Inherent variability of invertebrate community diversity across sites and years highlights the importance of using multi-metric assessments and mult","PeriodicalId":30423,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47783104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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