The Purple Gallinule ( Porphyrio martinica ) is a rare bird in Arkansas, and its populations likely have declined due to loss of marshy areas with emergent vegetation. By use of online sources for citizen science combined with a field study, we elucidate the current distribution of this bird in Arkansas, and document characteristics of reproduction and development. Purple Gallinules arrive in Arkansas as early as April and remain to late October. Nesting occurs from early May into July, and nests may represent second broods. Ontogenetic changes in in plumage and bill coloration hatchlings are described.
{"title":"Distribution and Reproduction by the Purple Gallinule (Porphyrio martinica) in Arkansas","authors":"C. Tumlison, T. Tumlison, Tamzen Bryant","doi":"10.54119/jaas.2020.7409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54119/jaas.2020.7409","url":null,"abstract":"The Purple Gallinule ( Porphyrio martinica ) is a rare bird in Arkansas, and its populations likely have declined due to loss of marshy areas with emergent vegetation. By use of online sources for citizen science combined with a field study, we elucidate the current distribution of this bird in Arkansas, and document characteristics of reproduction and development. Purple Gallinules arrive in Arkansas as early as April and remain to late October. Nesting occurs from early May into July, and nests may represent second broods. Ontogenetic changes in in plumage and bill coloration hatchlings are described.","PeriodicalId":30423,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41603345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. L. Hunt, M. Grilliot, T. Best, D. Lozano-Lopez, E. Neilson, I. Castillo
We analyzed the energy content of seeds of common sunflowers (Helianthus annuus) obtained from the crops of scaled quail (Callipepla squamata) collected from plains-mesa sand-scrub habitat in Eddy and Lea counties, New Mexico. Seeds were dried for 48 hours at 60°C to remove moisture and then analyzed for gross caloric value (i.e., energy content) in an oxygen bomb calorimeter. Energy content of seeds of common sunflowers from New Mexico was greater than that of many seeds previously reported from the diet of scaled quail and other granivorous birds and comparable to previous measurements of seeds of the same species made in Kansas.
{"title":"Energy Content of Seeds of Common Sunflowers (Helianthus annuus) in the Diet of Scaled Quail (Callipepla squamata) in Southeastern New Mexico","authors":"J. L. Hunt, M. Grilliot, T. Best, D. Lozano-Lopez, E. Neilson, I. Castillo","doi":"10.54119/jaas.2020.7401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54119/jaas.2020.7401","url":null,"abstract":"We analyzed the energy content of seeds of common sunflowers (Helianthus annuus) obtained from the crops of scaled quail (Callipepla squamata) collected from plains-mesa sand-scrub habitat in Eddy and Lea counties, New Mexico. Seeds were dried for 48 hours at 60°C to remove moisture and then analyzed for gross caloric value (i.e., energy content) in an oxygen bomb calorimeter. Energy content of seeds of common sunflowers from New Mexico was greater than that of many seeds previously reported from the diet of scaled quail and other granivorous birds and comparable to previous measurements of seeds of the same species made in Kansas.","PeriodicalId":30423,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48843435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Observations of undescribed diel activity in the wolf spider Rabidosa rabida show cathemeral behavior","authors":"Ryan Stork, Payton Smith, Steve Cooper","doi":"10.54119/jaas.2020.7402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54119/jaas.2020.7402","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30423,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46984913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeffrey M Shaver, Emily Bellis, Chizuko Iwaki, Jake Qualls, Jay Randolph, Jeremiah Smith
We have initially sequenced soil microbial DNA from 4 restored and 3 virgin tallgrass prairie soil samples from Ben Geren Park and Massard Prairie (Fort Smith, AR), respectively. As expected, the soil microbiomes are distinct, with several lineages of nitrogen-fixing bacteria more common in virgin tallgrass prairie. However, we predict that as restoration of tallgrass prairie in Ben Geren Park progresses, the soil microbiome of restored prairie will more closely mirror those of the virgin prairie.
{"title":"Massard Prairie Restoration and Soil Microbiome Succession","authors":"Jeffrey M Shaver, Emily Bellis, Chizuko Iwaki, Jake Qualls, Jay Randolph, Jeremiah Smith","doi":"10.54119/jaas.2020.7408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54119/jaas.2020.7408","url":null,"abstract":"We have initially sequenced soil microbial DNA from 4 restored and 3 virgin tallgrass prairie soil samples from Ben Geren Park and Massard Prairie (Fort Smith, AR), respectively. As expected, the soil microbiomes are distinct, with several lineages of nitrogen-fixing bacteria more common in virgin tallgrass prairie. However, we predict that as restoration of tallgrass prairie in Ben Geren Park progresses, the soil microbiome of restored prairie will more closely mirror those of the virgin prairie.","PeriodicalId":30423,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45650197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Regional Variation in Ventral Body Color and Pattern in the Western Ratsnake, Pantherophis obsoletus (Reptilia: Serpentes: Colubridae), in Arkansas","authors":"S. Trauth","doi":"10.54119/jaas.2020.7407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54119/jaas.2020.7407","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30423,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49596599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J M Shaver, E S Bellis, C Iwaki, J Qualls, J Randolph, J Smith
We have initially sequenced soil microbial DNA from 4 restored and 3 virgin tallgrass prairie soil samples from Ben Geren Park and Massard Prairie (Fort Smith, AR), respectively. As expected, the soil microbiomes are distinct, with several lineages of nitrogen-fixing bacteria more common in virgin tallgrass prairie. However, we predict that as restoration of tallgrass prairie in Ben Geren Park progresses, the soil microbiome of restored prairie will more closely mirror those of the virgin prairie.
{"title":"Massard Prairie Restoration and Soil Microbiome Succession.","authors":"J M Shaver, E S Bellis, C Iwaki, J Qualls, J Randolph, J Smith","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We have initially sequenced soil microbial DNA from 4 restored and 3 virgin tallgrass prairie soil samples from Ben Geren Park and Massard Prairie (Fort Smith, AR), respectively. As expected, the soil microbiomes are distinct, with several lineages of nitrogen-fixing bacteria more common in virgin tallgrass prairie. However, we predict that as restoration of tallgrass prairie in Ben Geren Park progresses, the soil microbiome of restored prairie will more closely mirror those of the virgin prairie.</p>","PeriodicalId":30423,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7946111/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25480276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although some researchers claim that cockroaches are masters of disease transmission, these claims have little to no scientific support. Most studies concerning cockroaches as a vector of disease only focus on the bacteria found on the body surface, not on whether cockroaches have actually transferred pathogenic bacteria via surface contact. We set out to determine if cockroaches would act as a mechanical vector for the transfer of the opportunistic pathogen, E. coli . Roaches were contaminated with Green fluorescent protein expressing E. coli (GFP-E. coli) broth by either walking the roach through a broth culture or by complete immersion in the culture. We then ran the roaches down a sterile agar track and measured the length of the glowing trail. Roaches were able to transmit E.coli , but only for a continuous distance of less than 50 cm, with the occasional sporadic colony growing after that. Roaches that were immersed in bacterial broth tracked the bacterium further than those that only walked through the solution. This suggests that while cockroaches are capable of acting as a mechanical vector, they are not capable of transporting transient flora over long distances. Future studies should explore this mechanism.
{"title":"The common feeder cockroach Blaptica dubia shows increased transmission distance based on mode of acquisition of environmental bacteria","authors":"Parker M. Campbell, Ryan Stork, Amber Hug","doi":"10.54119/jaas.2020.7404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54119/jaas.2020.7404","url":null,"abstract":"Although some researchers claim that cockroaches are masters of disease transmission, these claims have little to no scientific support. Most studies concerning cockroaches as a vector of disease only focus on the bacteria found on the body surface, not on whether cockroaches have actually transferred pathogenic bacteria via surface contact. We set out to determine if cockroaches would act as a mechanical vector for the transfer of the opportunistic pathogen, E. coli . Roaches were contaminated with Green fluorescent protein expressing E. coli (GFP-E. coli) broth by either walking the roach through a broth culture or by complete immersion in the culture. We then ran the roaches down a sterile agar track and measured the length of the glowing trail. Roaches were able to transmit E.coli , but only for a continuous distance of less than 50 cm, with the occasional sporadic colony growing after that. Roaches that were immersed in bacterial broth tracked the bacterium further than those that only walked through the solution. This suggests that while cockroaches are capable of acting as a mechanical vector, they are not capable of transporting transient flora over long distances. Future studies should explore this mechanism.","PeriodicalId":30423,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43447678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I examined histologically the distal urogenital anatomy in male Prairie Racerunners ( Aspidoscelis sexlineatus viridis ) from a small seasonal sample of individuals collected in Arkansas in order to provide additional information regarding squamate urogenital anatomy. Specifically, I focused on the basic anatomy and positioning of posterior ducts and associated structures in this teiid lizard. The anatomical structures included the ductus deferens, ampulla ductus deferens, ampulla urogenital papilla (Aup), ureter, inner core tissue mass, urodaeum, and the urogenital papilla. The two Aup, which are small complimentary blind pouches representing the terminal repositories for products released by urogenital ducts, are striking anatomical features of the distal urogenital anatomy in this lizard. Interestingly, the Aup, which are characteristic anatomical structures present in very few additional lizard species (e.g., in some members of families
{"title":"Distal Urogenital Anatomy of Male Prairie Racerunners, Aspidoscelis sexlineatus viridis (Reptilia: Sauria: Teiidae)","authors":"S. Trauth","doi":"10.54119/jaas.2020.7406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54119/jaas.2020.7406","url":null,"abstract":"I examined histologically the distal urogenital anatomy in male Prairie Racerunners ( Aspidoscelis sexlineatus viridis ) from a small seasonal sample of individuals collected in Arkansas in order to provide additional information regarding squamate urogenital anatomy. Specifically, I focused on the basic anatomy and positioning of posterior ducts and associated structures in this teiid lizard. The anatomical structures included the ductus deferens, ampulla ductus deferens, ampulla urogenital papilla (Aup), ureter, inner core tissue mass, urodaeum, and the urogenital papilla. The two Aup, which are small complimentary blind pouches representing the terminal repositories for products released by urogenital ducts, are striking anatomical features of the distal urogenital anatomy in this lizard. Interestingly, the Aup, which are characteristic anatomical structures present in very few additional lizard species (e.g., in some members of families","PeriodicalId":30423,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45819677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Arkansas, the Texas deermouse (Peromyscus attwateri) occurs in the western part of the state where it is restricted to the uplands of the Interior Highlands. The eastern woodrat (Neotoma floridana) is found statewide but is less common in the Gulf Coastal Plain. Very little is known about the parasites of either rodent in Arkansas, especially helminths from P. attwateri at any locality within its range. Found in/on P. attwateri were a coccidian (Eimeria langbarteli), a tapeworm (Catenotaenia peromysci), a nematode (Syphacia peromysci), 2 ticks (Dermacenter variabilis and Ixodes scapularis), and 2 mites (Androlaelaps fahrenholzi and Leptotrombidium peromysci). Eastern woodrats harbored 3 nematodes (Eucoelus sp., Longistriata neotoma, and Trichurus neotomae), a larval bot fly (Cuterebra americana), and a flea (Orchopeas pennsylvanicus). We document 6 new host and 5 new distributional records for these parasites.
{"title":"Ecto- and Endoparasites of the Texas Deermouse, Peromyscus attwateri and Eastern Woodrat, Neotoma floridana (Rodentia: Cricetidae) from Polk County, Arkansas","authors":"C. T. McAllister, L. Durden, J. Hnida, H. Robison","doi":"10.54119/jaas.2020.7414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54119/jaas.2020.7414","url":null,"abstract":"In Arkansas, the Texas deermouse (Peromyscus attwateri) occurs in the western part of the state where it is restricted to the uplands of the Interior Highlands. The eastern woodrat (Neotoma floridana) is found statewide but is less common in the Gulf Coastal Plain. Very little is known about the parasites of either rodent in Arkansas, especially helminths from P. attwateri at any locality within its range. Found in/on P. attwateri were a coccidian (Eimeria langbarteli), a tapeworm (Catenotaenia peromysci), a nematode (Syphacia peromysci), 2 ticks (Dermacenter variabilis and Ixodes scapularis), and 2 mites (Androlaelaps fahrenholzi and Leptotrombidium peromysci). Eastern woodrats harbored 3 nematodes (Eucoelus sp., Longistriata neotoma, and Trichurus neotomae), a larval bot fly (Cuterebra americana), and a flea (Orchopeas pennsylvanicus). We document 6 new host and 5 new distributional records for these parasites.","PeriodicalId":30423,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41831464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Crooked Creek is a renowned trophy (blue ribbon) Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieu) fishing stream. This fish, however, has been previously reported to commonly harbor some of the highest population densities of the digenean trematode parasite, Clinostomum marginatum, otherwise known as “yellow grub”. The parasite infects the orobranchial cavity, gills, and peritoneal cavity of Smallmouth Bass. Historical studies on this fish over the last 3 decades or more from various sites on the creek have shown that M. dolomieu also have high mean abundances but fish from upstream sites had lower prevalence than those collected from downstream sites. Here, we survey several fishes from the creek for C. marginatum as well as compare our data on M. dolomieu to some of the previous studies conducted on the same species from the watershed. In addition, a new host record for C. marginatum is documented in the Ozark Bass, Ambloplites constellatus.
{"title":"Clinostomum marginatum (Digenea: Clinostomidae) from Fishes of Crooked Creek, Boone and Marion Counties, Arkansas","authors":"C. T. McAllister, H. Robison","doi":"10.54119/jaas.2020.7412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54119/jaas.2020.7412","url":null,"abstract":"Crooked Creek is a renowned trophy (blue ribbon) Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieu) fishing stream. This fish, however, has been previously reported to commonly harbor some of the highest population densities of the digenean trematode parasite, Clinostomum marginatum, otherwise known as “yellow grub”. The parasite infects the orobranchial cavity, gills, and peritoneal cavity of Smallmouth Bass. Historical studies on this fish over the last 3 decades or more from various sites on the creek have shown that M. dolomieu also have high mean abundances but fish from upstream sites had lower prevalence than those collected from downstream sites. Here, we survey several fishes from the creek for C. marginatum as well as compare our data on M. dolomieu to some of the previous studies conducted on the same species from the watershed. In addition, a new host record for C. marginatum is documented in the Ozark Bass, Ambloplites constellatus.","PeriodicalId":30423,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41677540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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