J. Boeyens, Wei-Hang Chua, M. Kruger, A. Joubert, M. Coetzee
Beenhermodellering in volwassenes is ‘n fisiologiese proses wat die sintese van beenmatriks deur osteoblaste en die resorpsie (afbraak) van been deur osteoklaste behels. Osteoklaste ontstaan deur die samesmelting van hematopoietiese selle van monosiet-makrofaagafkoms en speel ‘n deurslaggewende rol in beenhermodellering.
{"title":"Inhibisie van osteoklastvorming en beenresorpsie deur poli-onversadigde vetsure in RAW 264.7 muismonosiete","authors":"J. Boeyens, Wei-Hang Chua, M. Kruger, A. Joubert, M. Coetzee","doi":"10.4102/SATNT.V31I1.318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/SATNT.V31I1.318","url":null,"abstract":"Beenhermodellering in volwassenes is ‘n fisiologiese proses wat die sintese van beenmatriks deur osteoblaste en die resorpsie (afbraak) van been deur osteoklaste behels. Osteoklaste ontstaan deur die samesmelting van hematopoietiese selle van monosiet-makrofaagafkoms en speel ‘n deurslaggewende rol in beenhermodellering.","PeriodicalId":30428,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4102/SATNT.V31I1.318","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70515970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Claassen, E. Henning, M. Kleynhans, C. Grobbelaar, P. J. D. Toit
Mense ondervind baie stressors in hul alledaagse lewe, wat ‘n groot uitwerking het op daaglikse funksionering. Kardio Stres-indeks (KSI) is ‘n nie-indringende mate van die stres wat die hart ervaar. KSI (uitgedruk as ‘n persentasie) berekeninge word gebaseer op die duur van die QRS kompleks, hart tempo, ritme en standaardafwyking van die RR-interval (RRSD) spesifieke parameters.
{"title":"Die invloed van ‘n intensiewe opleidingsprogram op die Kardio Stres-indeks","authors":"T. Claassen, E. Henning, M. Kleynhans, C. Grobbelaar, P. J. D. Toit","doi":"10.4102/satnt.v31i1.283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v31i1.283","url":null,"abstract":"Mense ondervind baie stressors in hul alledaagse lewe, wat ‘n groot uitwerking het op daaglikse funksionering. Kardio Stres-indeks (KSI) is ‘n nie-indringende mate van die stres wat die hart ervaar. KSI (uitgedruk as ‘n persentasie) berekeninge word gebaseer op die duur van die QRS kompleks, hart tempo, ritme en standaardafwyking van die RR-interval (RRSD) spesifieke parameters.","PeriodicalId":30428,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4102/satnt.v31i1.283","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70515369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Theron, M. Visagie, T. Mqoco, A. Stander, R. Prudent, L. Lafanechère, A. Joubert
Servikale kanker is gerapporteer deur die Wereld Gesondheids Organisasie as die mees algemene tipe kanker wat vroue in armer sosio-ekonomiese lande affekteer.
世界卫生组织已将癌症列为影响贫穷社会经济国家妇女的最常见的癌症。
{"title":"Molecular crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy induced by a 2-methoxyestradiol analogue (C19) in HeLa cells","authors":"A. Theron, M. Visagie, T. Mqoco, A. Stander, R. Prudent, L. Lafanechère, A. Joubert","doi":"10.4102/SATNT.V31I1.315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/SATNT.V31I1.315","url":null,"abstract":"Servikale kanker is gerapporteer deur die Wereld Gesondheids Organisasie as die mees algemene tipe kanker wat vroue in armer sosio-ekonomiese lande affekteer.","PeriodicalId":30428,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4102/SATNT.V31I1.315","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70515800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
’n Partikel-Swerm-Optimering (PSO) toetsbank is ontwikkel om verskillende algoritmes te vergelyk. Die toetsbank stel ons in staat om te bepaal watter tipe algoritmes verskillende probleme die beste oplos. Hierdie referaat sal eerstens wiskundige optimering definieer, kortliks PSO verduidelik, die toetsbankstelsel opsom en laastens na resultate verwys.
{"title":"Partikel-Swerm-Optimering (PSO) toetsbank vir globale wiskundige minimeringsprobleme","authors":"Ludwig de Bruin, E. M. Ehlers","doi":"10.4102/SATNT.V30I1.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/SATNT.V30I1.102","url":null,"abstract":"’n Partikel-Swerm-Optimering (PSO) toetsbank is ontwikkel om verskillende algoritmes te vergelyk. Die toetsbank stel ons in staat om te bepaal watter tipe algoritmes verskillende probleme die beste oplos. Hierdie referaat sal eerstens wiskundige optimering definieer, kortliks PSO verduidelik, die toetsbankstelsel opsom en laastens na resultate verwys.","PeriodicalId":30428,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4102/SATNT.V30I1.102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70514299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CITATION: Joubert, D. 2011. Voorwerp-rekonstruksie vanaf verskeie onbeheerde sigpunte. Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie, 30(1), Art. #262, doi:10.4102/satnt.v30i1.262.
{"title":"Voorwerp-rekonstruksie vanaf verskeie onbeheerde sigpunte","authors":"D. Joubert","doi":"10.4102/SATNT.V30I1.262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/SATNT.V30I1.262","url":null,"abstract":"CITATION: Joubert, D. 2011. Voorwerp-rekonstruksie vanaf verskeie onbeheerde sigpunte. Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie, 30(1), Art. \u0000#262, doi:10.4102/satnt.v30i1.262.","PeriodicalId":30428,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70514413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The following members formed part of the committee that was responsible for arranging the symposium: Mr. R. Pretorius (Department of Geography, University of South-Africa), Dr E. Snyders (NECSA), Dr M. Landman (Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria) and Dr W. Meyer (Department of Physics, University of Pretoria). Experimental measurement and modelling of vapour-liquid equilibrium data for the C2F4-C3F6-s-C4F8 system The vapour-liquid equilibrium data for the C2F4-C3F6-s-C4F8 system are presented. Each binary system was evaluated at three isotherms. The experimental data will be correlated to the Peng-Robinson equation of state, incorporating the Mathias-Copeman alpha function, with the Wong-Sandler mixing rule utilising the NRTL activity coefficient model. Page 1 of 1
{"title":"Experimental measurement and modelling of vapour-liquid equilibrium data for the C2F4-C3F6-s-C4F8 system","authors":"F. Conradie","doi":"10.4102/SATNT.V30I1.99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/SATNT.V30I1.99","url":null,"abstract":"The following members formed part of the committee that was responsible for arranging the symposium: Mr. R. Pretorius (Department of Geography, University of South-Africa), Dr E. Snyders (NECSA), Dr M. Landman (Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria) and Dr W. Meyer (Department of Physics, University of Pretoria). Experimental measurement and modelling of vapour-liquid equilibrium data for the C2F4-C3F6-s-C4F8 system The vapour-liquid equilibrium data for the C2F4-C3F6-s-C4F8 system are presented. Each binary system was evaluated at three isotherms. The experimental data will be correlated to the Peng-Robinson equation of state, incorporating the Mathias-Copeman alpha function, with the Wong-Sandler mixing rule utilising the NRTL activity coefficient model. Page 1 of 1","PeriodicalId":30428,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4102/SATNT.V30I1.99","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70514476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article starts with a problem of finding a point that minimizes the sum of the distances to the vertices of an acute-angled triangle, a problem originally posed by Fermat in the 1600’s, and apparently first solved by the Italian mathematician and scientist Evangelista Torricelli. This point of optimization is therefore usually called the inner Fermat or Fermat-Torricelli point of a triangle. The transformation proof presented in the article was more recently invented in 1929 by the German mathematician J. Hoffman. After reviewing the centroid and medians of a triangle, these are generalized to Ceva’s theorem, which is then used to prove the following generalization of the Fermat-Torricelli point from [3]: “If triangles DBA, ECB and FAC are constructed outwardly (or inwardly) on the sides of any ∆ABC so that ∠DAB =∠CAF , ∠ DBA = ∠ CBE and ∠ ECB = ∠ ACF then DC, EA and FB are concurrent.”However, this generalization is not new, and the earliest proof the author could trace is from 1936 by W. Hoffer in [1], though the presented proof is distinctly different. Of practical relevance is the fact that this Fermat-Torricelli generalization can be used to solve a “weighted” airport problem, for example, when the populations in the three cities are of different size. The author was also contacted via e-mail in July 2008 by Stephen Doro from the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, USA, who was considering its possible application in the branching of larger arteries and veins in the human body into smaller and smaller ones. On the basis of an often-observed (but not generally true) duality between circumcentres and in centres, it was conjectured in 1996 [see 4] that the following might be true from a similar result for circumcentres (Kosnita’s theorem), namely: The lines joining the vertices A, B, and C of a given triangle ABC with the incentres of the triangles BCO, CAO, and ABO (O is the incentre of ∆ABC), respectively, are concurrent (in what is now called the inner De Villiers point). Investigation on the dynamic geometry program Sketchpad quickly confi rmed that the conjecture was indeed true. (For an interactive sketch online, see [7]). Using the aforementioned generalization of the Fermat-Torricelli point, it was now also very easy to prove this result. The outer De Villiers point is similarly obtained when the excircles are constructed for a given triangle ABC, in which case the lines joining the vertices A, B, and C of a given triangle ABC with the incentres of the triangles BCI1, CAI2, and ABI3 (Ii are the excentres of ∆ABC), are concurrent. The proof follows similarly from the Fermat-Torricelli generalization.
{"title":"From the Fermat points to the De Villiers3 points of a triangle","authors":"M. Villiers","doi":"10.4102/satnt.v29i3.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v29i3.16","url":null,"abstract":"The article starts with a problem of finding a point that minimizes the sum of the distances to the vertices of an acute-angled triangle, a problem originally posed by Fermat in the 1600’s, and apparently first solved by\u0000 the Italian mathematician and scientist Evangelista Torricelli. This point of optimization is therefore usually called the inner Fermat or Fermat-Torricelli point of a triangle. The transformation proof presented in the article was more recently\u0000 invented in 1929 by the German mathematician J. Hoffman. After reviewing the centroid and medians of a triangle, these are generalized to Ceva’s theorem, which is then used to prove the following generalization of the Fermat-Torricelli point from\u0000 [3]: “If triangles DBA, ECB and FAC are constructed outwardly (or inwardly) on the sides of any ∆ABC so that ∠DAB =∠CAF , ∠ DBA = ∠ CBE and ∠ ECB = ∠ ACF then DC, EA and FB are concurrent.”However, this generalization is not new, and the earliest\u0000 proof the author could trace is from 1936 by W. Hoffer in [1], though the presented proof is distinctly different. Of practical relevance is the fact that this Fermat-Torricelli generalization can be used to solve a “weighted” airport problem,\u0000 for example, when the populations in the three cities are of different size. The author was also contacted via e-mail in July 2008 by Stephen Doro from the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, USA, who was considering its\u0000 possible application in the branching of larger arteries and veins in the human body into smaller and smaller ones. On the basis of an often-observed (but not generally true) duality between circumcentres and in centres, it was conjectured in\u0000 1996 [see 4] that the following might be true from a similar result for circumcentres (Kosnita’s theorem), namely: The lines joining the vertices A, B, and C of a given triangle ABC with the incentres of the triangles BCO, CAO, and ABO (O is the\u0000 incentre of ∆ABC), respectively, are concurrent (in what is now called the inner De Villiers point). Investigation on the dynamic geometry program Sketchpad quickly confi rmed that the conjecture was indeed true. (For an interactive sketch online,\u0000 see [7]). Using the aforementioned generalization of the Fermat-Torricelli point, it was now also very easy to prove this result. The outer De Villiers point is similarly obtained when the excircles are constructed for a given triangle ABC, in\u0000 which case the lines joining the vertices A, B, and C of a given triangle ABC with the incentres of the triangles BCI1, CAI2, and ABI3 (Ii are the excentres of ∆ABC), are concurrent. The proof follows similarly from the Fermat-Torricelli\u0000 generalization.","PeriodicalId":30428,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70513818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Die suurstofverbruikskoers (VO2) van die endoparasitiese nematode Pratylenchus zeae versamel vanaf mieliewortelkulture is gemeet met behulp van ’n Cartesiese duiker. Die metings met die duiker wat uit Perspex gemasjineer is, berus in beginsel op manometriese veranderinge van die duiker in ’n flottasiebuis van ’n manometeropstelling.Die gemiddelde VO2van 10 metings per lewenstadium, uitgedruk in nanoliters per uur per lewenstadium van nie-anhidrobiote (eiers: 7.96; jeugstadia: 6.13; volwassenes: 26.04) is vergelyk met die van post-anhidrobiote, 12 uur na herstel uit anhidrobiose. Die gemiddelde VO2van die post-anhidrobiote vir die drie lewenstadia (eiers: 19.34; jeugstadia: 14.17; volwassenes: 32.86) is statisties betekenisvol hoer in vergelyking met die van nie-anhidrobiote. Die redes vir die verskil in VO2 waardes word bespreek. Die VO2 is ook uitgedruk in nanoliter per uur per mikrogram volwasse nematode na toepassing van ’n vergelyking verkry uit die literatuur. Dit is gevind dat die suurstofverbruik per een gram P. zeae 503 keer meer is as die suurstofverbruik per een gram soogdier die grootte van ’n volwasse bees.
体内寄生虫Pratylenchus zeae versamel vanaf mieliewortelkulture的宿主（VO2）是Cartesiese的宿主。有机玻璃对黑暗的测量是基于测压结构的柔性气泡中黑暗中的测压变化。VO2van的平均浓度为10毫克/升，单位为纳升/升/升（eiers:7.96；jeugstadia:6.13；volwassene:26.04）。三种生活状态（所有者：19.34；幼年状态：14.17；火山：32.86）的无水后疾病的平均VO2与非无水物质相比具有统计学意义。在VO2 waardes单词bespreek中，Die redes vir Die verskil。VO2也以每微克完整线虫每小时纳升的单位打印，以应用从文献中获得的方程。研究发现，每克玉米粉的土壤用量是每克土壤用量的503倍，高于一块牛肉的大小。
{"title":"The oxygen consumption rates of different life stages of the endoparasitic nematode","authors":"W. V. Aardt, Donovan P. Loots, S. Steenkamp","doi":"10.4102/SATNT.V29I1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/SATNT.V29I1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Die suurstofverbruikskoers (VO2) van die endoparasitiese nematode Pratylenchus zeae versamel vanaf mieliewortelkulture is gemeet met behulp van ’n Cartesiese duiker. Die metings met die duiker wat uit Perspex gemasjineer is, berus in beginsel op manometriese veranderinge van die duiker in ’n flottasiebuis van ’n manometeropstelling.Die gemiddelde VO2van 10 metings per lewenstadium, uitgedruk in nanoliters per uur per lewenstadium van nie-anhidrobiote (eiers: 7.96; jeugstadia: 6.13; volwassenes: 26.04) is vergelyk met die van post-anhidrobiote, 12 uur na herstel uit anhidrobiose. Die gemiddelde VO2van die post-anhidrobiote vir die drie lewenstadia (eiers: 19.34; jeugstadia: 14.17; volwassenes: 32.86) is statisties betekenisvol hoer in vergelyking met die van nie-anhidrobiote. Die redes vir die verskil in VO2 waardes word bespreek. Die VO2 is ook uitgedruk in nanoliter per uur per mikrogram volwasse nematode na toepassing van ’n vergelyking verkry uit die literatuur. Dit is gevind dat die suurstofverbruik per een gram P. zeae 503 keer meer is as die suurstofverbruik per een gram soogdier die grootte van ’n volwasse bees.","PeriodicalId":30428,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70514112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Uitkomsgerigte onderrig (UGO) het 'n groei- en hersieningsfase beleef en is vir die afsienbare toekoms hier om te bly. Die 2009-inname van studente op universiteit is die eerste matrikulante wat slegs binne die nuwe bedeling onderrig ontvang het. Hierdie matrikulante se graad 12-uitslae is deur onnatuurlik hoe punte in wiskunde gekenmerk. Die vraag wat gevra word, is hoe die 2009-inname van studente in wiskunde op universiteit vaar wat prestasie, algemene vaardighede, wiskundige vaardighede en inhoudverwante vaardighede betref. Dit blyk dat alhoewel hierdie studente beter toegerus is wat persoonlike eienskappe soos selfvertroue betref, hulle in baie gevalle swakker daaraan toe is wat wiskundige en inhoudverwante vaardighede betref. Voorstelle word gemaak om die oorgang van sekondere na tersiere wiskunde gladder te maak. Are students who have been educated in an outcomes-based approach prepared for university mathematics? Following the political changes of 1994 in South Africa, the decision was taken to replace the traditional skills-based education system at primary and secondary school level (Grades 1 - 12) with an outcomes-based education system (OBE). The OBE approach, referred to as Curriculum 2005, was introduced into schools in 1998. The implementation of the OBE system did not occur without problems, giving rise to revised initiatives and a fair amount of criticism. The 2009 intake of students at universities is the first group of students that had been subjected to the OBE approach for their entire school career. This is also the first group of students for whom some form of mathematics was compulsory up to Grade 12 level in the form of mathematics or mathematical literacy. These students were characterised by the fact that their mathematics marks for Grade 12 were exceptionally high and that many more students qualified for university entrance. This article reports on the impact of this new education system on the mathematics preparedness of students entering university. The study involves an empirical analysis of the students in the first-year mathematics course for engineering students at the University of Pretoria as well as an analysis of a questionnaire completed by experienced lecturers at this university. The question addressed in this article is how the 2009 intake of students cope with mathematics at university level with regard to Performance General attributes Mathematical attributes Content-related attributes Results indicate a decrease in mathematics performance of these students at university level and that the inflated matric marks result in unjustified expectations. However, it is not unusual for marks to decrease from school to university and there is still too little evidence for serious concern. The study also indicates that these students seem to be better equipped with regard to personal attributes such as self-confidence and the will to work. However, in many instances, their general mathematical attributes such as
Uitkomsgerigte onderrig（UGO）在她的职业生涯中取得了巨大的进步。2009年，在一所大学的学生宿舍里，她是一位母亲，她一直在床上睡觉。Hierdie matrikulante se graad 12 uitslae是在wiskunde gekenmerk的两名女子。Die vraag wat gevra word，是2009年在威斯康辛大学就读的一名学生，他是一名学生。这是一个非常好的学生，他是一个很好的学生。Voorstelle单词gemaak来自于一个叫vansekondre的单词。受过基于结果的教育的学生是否为大学数学做好了准备？1994年南非发生政治变化后，决定以成果教育制度取代传统的中小学（1-12年级）技能教育制度。OBE方法，即2005年课程，于1998年引入学校。OBE制度的实施并非没有问题，引发了修订后的举措和相当多的批评。2009年大学招收的学生是第一批在整个学校生涯中接受OBE方法的学生。这也是第一批以数学或数学素养的形式在12年级之前必须学习某种形式的数学的学生。这些学生的特点是，他们12年级的数学成绩非常高，有更多的学生有资格进入大学。本文报道了这种新的教育体系对进入大学的学生数学准备的影响。这项研究包括对比勒陀利亚大学工程系一年级数学课程学生的实证分析，以及对该大学经验丰富的讲师完成的问卷调查的分析。本文所要解决的问题是，2009年招收的学生如何应对大学数学水平的表现一般属性数学属性内容相关属性结果表明，这些学生在大学数学水平上的表现有所下降，过高的录取分数导致了不合理的期望。然而，分数从一所学校下降到另一所大学并不罕见，而且仍然没有太多证据值得严重关注。研究还表明，这些学生似乎在自信和工作意愿等个人特质方面更有能力。然而，在许多情况下，他们的一般数学属性，如代数操作技能和对数学写作的总体掌握程度，都比过去的学生差。还有一些领域，他们的内容知识要么缺乏，要么出乎意料地肤浅。因此，这些学生似乎提高了个人素质，但不一定具备支持他们的知识和数学技能。就处理这种情况提出了一些建议。很明显，新的学校制度需要从学校一级到大学一级进行变革，以确保过渡是可以克服的。
{"title":"Is studente wat in 'n uitkomsgerigte onderrigbenadering opgelei is, gereed vir universiteitswiskunde? : navorsings- en oorsigartikel","authors":"J. Engelbrecht, Ansie Harding, Patrick Phiri","doi":"10.4102/satnt.v28i4.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v28i4.67","url":null,"abstract":"Uitkomsgerigte onderrig (UGO) het 'n groei- en hersieningsfase beleef en is vir die afsienbare toekoms hier om te bly. Die 2009-inname van studente op universiteit is die eerste matrikulante wat slegs binne die nuwe bedeling onderrig ontvang het. Hierdie matrikulante se graad 12-uitslae is deur onnatuurlik hoe punte in wiskunde gekenmerk. Die vraag wat gevra word, is hoe die 2009-inname van studente in wiskunde op universiteit vaar wat prestasie, algemene vaardighede, wiskundige vaardighede en inhoudverwante vaardighede betref. Dit blyk dat alhoewel hierdie studente beter toegerus is wat persoonlike eienskappe soos selfvertroue betref, hulle in baie gevalle swakker daaraan toe is wat wiskundige en inhoudverwante vaardighede betref. Voorstelle word gemaak om die oorgang van sekondere na tersiere wiskunde gladder te maak.\u0000Are students who have been educated in an outcomes-based approach prepared for university mathematics?\u0000Following the political changes of 1994 in South Africa, the decision was taken to replace the traditional skills-based education system at primary and secondary school level (Grades 1 - 12) with an outcomes-based education system (OBE). The OBE approach, referred to as Curriculum 2005, was introduced into schools in 1998. The implementation of the OBE system did not occur without problems, giving rise to revised initiatives and a fair amount of criticism. The 2009 intake of students at universities is the first group of students that had been subjected to the OBE approach for their entire school career. This is also the first group of students for whom some form of mathematics was compulsory up to Grade 12 level in the form of mathematics or mathematical literacy. These students were characterised by the fact that their mathematics marks for Grade 12 were exceptionally high and that many more students qualified for university entrance.\u0000This article reports on the impact of this new education system on the mathematics preparedness of students entering university. The study involves an empirical analysis of the students in the first-year mathematics course for engineering students at the University of Pretoria as well as an analysis of a questionnaire completed by experienced lecturers at this university.\u0000The question addressed in this article is how the 2009 intake of students cope with mathematics at university level with regard to\u0000Performance\u0000General attributes\u0000Mathematical attributes\u0000Content-related attributes\u0000Results indicate a decrease in mathematics performance of these students at university level and that the inflated matric marks result in unjustified expectations. However, it is not unusual for marks to decrease from school to university and there is still too little evidence for serious concern.\u0000The study also indicates that these students seem to be better equipped with regard to personal attributes such as self-confidence and the will to work. However, in many instances, their general mathematical attributes such as ","PeriodicalId":30428,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70513800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The outcomes based education (OBE) system is characterised by controversy and the 2008 matric results that rendered admission to an unusually large number of students did nothing to silence critics. The first students who completed their full cycle of school education in the OBE system entered universities in 2009 and their preparedness for university mathematics as well as their performance at university level are important as indicaters for estimating the success or otherwise of the OBE system. In a previous study student performance in mathematics admission tests for 2005-2007 was investigated and it was found that students who had had partial exposure to OBE performed worse than had been the case with their predecessors in the categories of modelling and ratio problems. As a result, this study was conducted to investigate how the 2009 intake of students performed in a modelling course at university level. A report is presented which deals with student performance in the course, problems experienced, the effect of remedial intervention on performance and whether students of the OBE system are adequately prepared for mathematical modelling at university level. This study focuses on performance in a first year course in mathematical modelling at the University of Pretoria. The course is problem based and is technology intensive, requiring use of the software package Matlab. For investigative purposes the papers of semester tests 1 and 2 of 2005 were used unchanged for tests in 2009. Students of 2009 did not have access to the 2005 papers and the same lecturer taught students of both groups. The lecturer also noted personal experiences in respect of students and was able to draw reasonable comparisons between the 2009 students and previous groups because of her years of involvement with the course. The entrance requirement of 60% for matric mathematics in 2005 was increased to 70% in 2009. Results indicate that the pass percentage decreased in both semester tests from 2005 to 2009. The percentage of students with less than 40% also increased in both semester tests from 2005 to 2009. A surprising observation was that the percentage of students who excelled increased remarkably from 2005 to 2009 in both semester tests. Extra assistance was requested by students after the first semester test in 2009 and resulted in a week of intervention during which revision and extra problems were attended to. The results of the two semester tests of 2009 did not live up to expectations of the matric results of the group . Despite the exceptional matric results, performance in the modelling course was decidely poorer. Results indicate that most students were not adequately prepared for the course – as could be predicted from the previous study. The 2009 group was characterised by two aspects – excellent matric results on the one hand and full school education within the OBE system on the other. It is difficult to distinguish between the influence of the two
{"title":"Mathematical modelling: From school to university","authors":"A. Harding","doi":"10.4102/SATNT.V28I4.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/SATNT.V28I4.71","url":null,"abstract":"The outcomes based education (OBE) system is characterised by controversy and the 2008 matric results that rendered admission to an unusually large number of students did nothing to silence critics. The first\u0000 students who completed their full cycle of school education in the OBE system entered universities in 2009 and their preparedness for university mathematics as well as their performance at university level are important as indicaters for\u0000 estimating the success or otherwise of the OBE system. In a previous study student performance in mathematics admission tests for 2005-2007 was investigated and it was found that students who had had partial exposure to OBE performed worse than\u0000 had been the case with their predecessors in the categories of modelling and ratio problems. As a result, this study was conducted to investigate how the 2009 intake of students performed in a modelling course at university level. A report is\u0000 presented which deals with student performance in the course, problems experienced, the effect of remedial intervention on performance and whether students of the OBE system are adequately prepared for mathematical modelling at university level.\u0000 This study focuses on performance in a first year course in mathematical modelling at the University of Pretoria. The course is problem based and is technology intensive, requiring use of the software package Matlab. For investigative purposes the\u0000 papers of semester tests 1 and 2 of 2005 were used unchanged for tests in 2009. Students of 2009 did not have access to the 2005 papers and the same lecturer taught students of both groups. The lecturer also noted personal experiences in respect\u0000 of students and was able to draw reasonable comparisons between the 2009 students and previous groups because of her years of involvement with the course. The entrance requirement of 60% for matric mathematics in 2005 was increased to 70% in\u0000 2009. Results indicate that the pass percentage decreased in both semester tests from 2005 to 2009. The percentage of students with less than 40% also increased in both semester tests from 2005 to 2009. A surprising observation was that the\u0000 percentage of students who excelled increased remarkably from 2005 to 2009 in both semester tests. Extra assistance was requested by students after the first semester test in 2009 and resulted in a week of intervention during which revision and\u0000 extra problems were attended to. The results of the two semester tests of 2009 did not live up to expectations of the matric results of the group . Despite the exceptional matric results, performance in the modelling course was decidely poorer.\u0000 Results indicate that most students were not adequately prepared for the course – as could be predicted from the previous study. The 2009 group was characterised by two aspects – excellent matric results on the one hand and full school education\u0000 within the OBE system on the other. It is difficult to distinguish between the influence of the two","PeriodicalId":30428,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70513978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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