J. Díaz-Rodríguez, Oscar Eduardo Gualdrón-Guerrero, Aldo Pardo-García
This paper deals with the evaluation of different bio-inspired algorithms techniques for reduction of harmonic distortion (THD) in pulse width modulation (PWM) of power inverters. A comprehensive study is performed, that identifies and develops biologically inspired optimization algorithms based mainly on tabu search, genetic algorithms (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and ant colony optimization (ACO). These bio-inspired optimization methods were used to find the best operational parameters of a PWM applied to a power inverter. The best results were achieved when the pulse position is near to the middle position (Pp=0.5) or symmetry of the pulse. For the four methods analyzed he best result was obtained using ACO method based on the lowest THD content and less 5th and 7th harmonics magnitude with fewer pulses (Np=38), almost 5 times lower than the result of PSO (Np=179). It was achieved to reduce losses considerably with a reduction in the switching frequency of the power devices (4560 Hz). The algorithms developed can be easily adapted to any minimization problem, only making changes in the number of variables and selection (or elimination) criteria to obtain better results in complex problems.
{"title":"Algoritmos bioinspirados para optimizar el contenido de armónicos de un inversor de potencia PWM","authors":"J. Díaz-Rodríguez, Oscar Eduardo Gualdrón-Guerrero, Aldo Pardo-García","doi":"10.22430/22565337.210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22430/22565337.210","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the evaluation of different bio-inspired algorithms techniques for reduction of harmonic distortion (THD) in pulse width modulation (PWM) of power inverters. A comprehensive study is performed, that identifies and develops biologically inspired optimization algorithms based mainly on tabu search, genetic algorithms (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and ant colony optimization (ACO). These bio-inspired optimization methods were used to find the best operational parameters of a PWM applied to a power inverter. The best results were achieved when the pulse position is near to the middle position (Pp=0.5) or symmetry of the pulse. For the four methods analyzed he best result was obtained using ACO method based on the lowest THD content and less 5th and 7th harmonics magnitude with fewer pulses (Np=38), almost 5 times lower than the result of PSO (Np=179). It was achieved to reduce losses considerably with a reduction in the switching frequency of the power devices (4560 Hz). The algorithms developed can be easily adapted to any minimization problem, only making changes in the number of variables and selection (or elimination) criteria to obtain better results in complex problems.","PeriodicalId":30469,"journal":{"name":"TecnoLogicas","volume":"18 1","pages":"63-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68486454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
La primera mencion sobre la nanotecnologia surge en 1959, en forma conceptual, durante una conferencia del Dr. Richard Feynman, donde hablo acerca de la posibilidad de manipular directamente atomos y moleculas, pero recien en los anos 1970 fue el Dr. Norio Taniguchi el primero en utilizar el termino nanotecnologia para describir sus investigaciones [1]. El prefijo “nano” significa enano en griego, y si hablamos de dimensiones, un nanometro es una milesima de millonesima de metro. Para tener una idea de dicha magnitud, por ejemplo el diametro de la doble helice del ADN es de aproximadamente 2 nm, y el espacio que ocupa una molecula de agua es una esfera de aproximadamente 0,2 nm. Desde entonces se penso sobre el potencial para la resolucion de problemas y multiples aplicaciones, y por lo tanto el potencial economico de la nanotecnologia, tanto para el desarrollo como la implementacion de bienes y servicios, todo en escala nanometrica, por lo tanto se convierte en un desafio para la tecnologia, pero tambien una empresa muy prometedora.
{"title":"Nanobioingeniería: Historia y futuro","authors":"Marcelo R. Risk","doi":"10.22430/22565337.216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22430/22565337.216","url":null,"abstract":"La primera mencion sobre la nanotecnologia surge en 1959, en forma conceptual, durante una conferencia del Dr. Richard Feynman, donde hablo acerca de la posibilidad de manipular directamente atomos y moleculas, pero recien en los anos 1970 fue el Dr. Norio Taniguchi el primero en utilizar el termino nanotecnologia para describir sus investigaciones [1]. El prefijo “nano” significa enano en griego, y si hablamos de dimensiones, un nanometro es una milesima de millonesima de metro. Para tener una idea de dicha magnitud, por ejemplo el diametro de la doble helice del ADN es de aproximadamente 2 nm, y el espacio que ocupa una molecula de agua es una esfera de aproximadamente 0,2 nm. Desde entonces se penso sobre el potencial para la resolucion de problemas y multiples aplicaciones, y por lo tanto el potencial economico de la nanotecnologia, tanto para el desarrollo como la implementacion de bienes y servicios, todo en escala nanometrica, por lo tanto se convierte en un desafio para la tecnologia, pero tambien una empresa muy prometedora.","PeriodicalId":30469,"journal":{"name":"TecnoLogicas","volume":"18 1","pages":"9-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68486610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Tejada-Tovar, Á. Villabona-Ortiz, Luz Garcés-Jaraba
Biosorption is a process that allows active or passive uptake of metal ions due to the property that different living or dead biomass have to bind and accumulate these pollutants by different mechanisms. The application of low-cost materials obtained from different biomass from microbial flora, agro-industrial waste and algae has been investigated to replace the use of conventional methods for the removal of contaminants such as heavy metals. Some of the metals of greatest impact to the environment due to its high toxicity and difficult to remove are chromium, nickel, cadmium, lead, and mercury. In this paper, an overview of adsorption as an alternative process for the removal of contaminants in solution and biomass commonly used in these processes, as well as some of the modifications made to improve the efficiency of adsorption of these materials is presented. It was concluded that the use of adsorption in the removal of pollutants in aqueous solution using waste biomass is applicable to these decontamination processes avoiding subsequent problems such as the generation of chemical sludge, and generating an alternative to use materials considered as waste. It is further identified that such factors as the pH of the solution, particle size, temperature, and concentration of metal effect on the process.
{"title":"Adsorción de metales pesados en aguas residuales usando materiales de origen biológico","authors":"C. Tejada-Tovar, Á. Villabona-Ortiz, Luz Garcés-Jaraba","doi":"10.22430/22565337.209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22430/22565337.209","url":null,"abstract":"Biosorption is a process that allows active or passive uptake of metal ions due to the property that different living or dead biomass have to bind and accumulate these pollutants by different mechanisms. The application of low-cost materials obtained from different biomass from microbial flora, agro-industrial waste and algae has been investigated to replace the use of conventional methods for the removal of contaminants such as heavy metals. Some of the metals of greatest impact to the environment due to its high toxicity and difficult to remove are chromium, nickel, cadmium, lead, and mercury. In this paper, an overview of adsorption as an alternative process for the removal of contaminants in solution and biomass commonly used in these processes, as well as some of the modifications made to improve the efficiency of adsorption of these materials is presented. It was concluded that the use of adsorption in the removal of pollutants in aqueous solution using waste biomass is applicable to these decontamination processes avoiding subsequent problems such as the generation of chemical sludge, and generating an alternative to use materials considered as waste. It is further identified that such factors as the pH of the solution, particle size, temperature, and concentration of metal effect on the process.","PeriodicalId":30469,"journal":{"name":"TecnoLogicas","volume":"18 1","pages":"109-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68486038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. A. Rondón-Quintana, Carlos F. Urazán-Bonells, S. B. Chaves-Pabón
The influence of compaction temperature on the mechanical resistance and susceptibility to water of a bound granular material with asphalt cement (called MGEA) was evaluated in laboratory. The above, because in temperate climates or low temperature, has been reported in some road projects, lowering the temperature of compaction with respect to the laboratory optimum to 30°C. Additionally, the technical construction specifications not recommend a range of compaction temperatures for the control of this material in road projects. This generates, that these materials are compacted empirically with temperatures that may not be appropriate. Two asphalt cements (AC 60-70 and AC 80-100) were used to prepare the MGEA mixtures. The compaction temperatures used were 105, 115, 125 and 135°C. Marshall, resilient modulus, permanent deformation and indirect traction tests were performed. The decrease of the compaction temperature produces a remarkable decrease in resistance under monotonic and cyclic loading, and increases moisture damage of the MGEA mixture tested.
{"title":"Influencia de la temperatura de compactación sobre la resistencia de un material granular estabilizado con asfalto en caliente tipo MGEA_A","authors":"H. A. Rondón-Quintana, Carlos F. Urazán-Bonells, S. B. Chaves-Pabón","doi":"10.22430/22565337.218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22430/22565337.218","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of compaction temperature on the mechanical resistance and susceptibility to water of a bound granular material with asphalt cement (called MGEA) was evaluated in laboratory. The above, because in temperate climates or low temperature, has been reported in some road projects, lowering the temperature of compaction with respect to the laboratory optimum to 30°C. Additionally, the technical construction specifications not recommend a range of compaction temperatures for the control of this material in road projects. This generates, that these materials are compacted empirically with temperatures that may not be appropriate. Two asphalt cements (AC 60-70 and AC 80-100) were used to prepare the MGEA mixtures. The compaction temperatures used were 105, 115, 125 and 135°C. Marshall, resilient modulus, permanent deformation and indirect traction tests were performed. The decrease of the compaction temperature produces a remarkable decrease in resistance under monotonic and cyclic loading, and increases moisture damage of the MGEA mixture tested.","PeriodicalId":30469,"journal":{"name":"TecnoLogicas","volume":"18 1","pages":"51-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68486810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Benjamín Álvarez-Nasrallah, J. Candelo-Becerra, Jose Daniel Soto-Ortiz, Julio Pombo-Acevedo, Omar Díaz-Aparicio
Most of the studies related to insulator pollution are normally performed based on individual analysis among leakage current, relative humidity and equivalent salt deposit density (ESDD). This paper presents a correlation analysis between the leakage current and the acoustic emissions measured in a 230 kV electrical substations in the city of Barranquilla, Colombia. Furthermore, atmospheric variables were considered to develop a characterization model of the insulator contamination process. This model was used to demonstrate that noise emission levels are a reliable indicator to detect and characterize pollution on high voltage insulators. The correlation found amount the atmospheric, electrical and sound variables allowed to determine the relations for the maintenance of ceramic insulators in high-polluted areas. In this article, the results on the behavior of the leakage current in ceramic insulators and the sound produced with different atmospheric conditions are shown, which allow evaluating the best time to clean the insulator at the substation. Furthermore, by experimentation on site and using statistical models, the correlation between environmental variables and the leakage current substation was obtained. Some of the problems that bring the external noise were overcome using multiple microphones and specialized software that enabled properly filter the sound and better measure the variables.
{"title":"Correlation analysis between ceramic insulator pollution and acoustic emissions","authors":"Benjamín Álvarez-Nasrallah, J. Candelo-Becerra, Jose Daniel Soto-Ortiz, Julio Pombo-Acevedo, Omar Díaz-Aparicio","doi":"10.22430/22565337.212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22430/22565337.212","url":null,"abstract":"Most of the studies related to insulator pollution are normally performed based on individual analysis among leakage current, relative humidity and equivalent salt deposit density (ESDD). This paper presents a correlation analysis between the leakage current and the acoustic emissions measured in a 230 kV electrical substations in the city of Barranquilla, Colombia. Furthermore, atmospheric variables were considered to develop a characterization model of the insulator contamination process. This model was used to demonstrate that noise emission levels are a reliable indicator to detect and characterize pollution on high voltage insulators. The correlation found amount the atmospheric, electrical and sound variables allowed to determine the relations for the maintenance of ceramic insulators in high-polluted areas. In this article, the results on the behavior of the leakage current in ceramic insulators and the sound produced with different atmospheric conditions are shown, which allow evaluating the best time to clean the insulator at the substation. Furthermore, by experimentation on site and using statistical models, the correlation between environmental variables and the leakage current substation was obtained. Some of the problems that bring the external noise were overcome using multiple microphones and specialized software that enabled properly filter the sound and better measure the variables.","PeriodicalId":30469,"journal":{"name":"TecnoLogicas","volume":"18 1","pages":"101-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68486635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper we describe a methodology for occupancy measure on beaches based on digital image processing techniques. This metric constitute a measure of interest for quantification of factors relates to the quality of user experience and is an import indicator in integrated management field. The proposed method has two main components: the preprocessing and occupancy density estimation. In the preprocessing stage a color correction approach is applied in order to minimize the illumination variance effects over the objects in the scene. Subsequently, the estimation begins delimiting the information regarding the environment using a mask or reference image. Gray-level gradient analysis is applied to the resulted image after the mask appliance. The results show a 2.6% margin of error that suggests the measure is an occupancy measure indicative. The obtained error is related to the auto occlusion identification and processing.
{"title":"Estimación automática de la medida de ocupación de playas mediante procesamiento de imágenes digitales","authors":"Germán Sánchez-Torres, John A. Taborda-Giraldo","doi":"10.22430/22565337.543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22430/22565337.543","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we describe a methodology for occupancy measure on beaches based on digital image processing techniques. This metric constitute a measure of interest for quantification of factors relates to the quality of user experience and is an import indicator in integrated management field. The proposed method has two main components: the preprocessing and occupancy density estimation. In the preprocessing stage a color correction approach is applied in order to minimize the illumination variance effects over the objects in the scene. Subsequently, the estimation begins delimiting the information regarding the environment using a mask or reference image. Gray-level gradient analysis is applied to the resulted image after the mask appliance. The results show a 2.6% margin of error that suggests the measure is an occupancy measure indicative. The obtained error is related to the auto occlusion identification and processing.","PeriodicalId":30469,"journal":{"name":"TecnoLogicas","volume":"17 1","pages":"21-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68493890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Torres-López, Juan J. Arbeláez-Toro, Diego A. Hincapié-Zuluaga
The martensitic transformation is one of the most researched topics in the materials science during the 20th century. The second half of this century was mainly remembered by the development of several theories related with the kinetics of phase transformation, the mechanisms involved in the nucleation phenomenon, and the way as the crystallographic change is produced. In this paper are described the fundamental concepts that are defined in the crystallographic framework of the martensitic transformation. The study is focused on the application of the most outstanding crystallographic models: the Bain; the Wechsler, Lieberman & Read; and the Bowles & Mackenzie. The topic is presented based upon the particular features of the martensitic transformation, such as its non-diffusional character, type of interface between parent (austenite) and product (martensite) phases, the formation of substructural defects, and the shape change; all of these features are mathematically described by equations aimed to predict how the transformation will take place rather than to explain the actual movement of the atoms within the structure. This mathematical development is known as the Phenomenological Theory of Martensite Crystallography (PTMC).
{"title":"Teoría cristalográfica de la transformación martensítica","authors":"E. Torres-López, Juan J. Arbeláez-Toro, Diego A. Hincapié-Zuluaga","doi":"10.22430/22565337.556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22430/22565337.556","url":null,"abstract":"The martensitic transformation is one of the most researched topics in the materials science during the 20th century. The second half of this century was mainly remembered by the development of several theories related with the kinetics of phase transformation, the mechanisms involved in the nucleation phenomenon, and the way as the crystallographic change is produced. In this paper are described the fundamental concepts that are defined in the crystallographic framework of the martensitic transformation. The study is focused on the application of the most outstanding crystallographic models: the Bain; the Wechsler, Lieberman & Read; and the Bowles & Mackenzie. The topic is presented based upon the particular features of the martensitic transformation, such as its non-diffusional character, type of interface between parent (austenite) and product (martensite) phases, the formation of substructural defects, and the shape change; all of these features are mathematically described by equations aimed to predict how the transformation will take place rather than to explain the actual movement of the atoms within the structure. This mathematical development is known as the Phenomenological Theory of Martensite Crystallography (PTMC).","PeriodicalId":30469,"journal":{"name":"TecnoLogicas","volume":"17 1","pages":"77-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68494070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
José F. Valencia-Murillo, Daniel A. Poveda-Sendales, Daniel F. Valencia-Vargas
Segmentation is one of the most important stages in iris recognition systems. In this paper, image preprocessing algorithms are applied in order to evaluate their impact on successful iris segmentation. The preprocessing algorithms are based on histogram adjustment, Gaussian filters and suppression of specular reflections in human eye images. The segmentation method introduced by Masek is applied on 199 images acquired under unconstrained conditions, belonging to the CASIA-irisV3 database, before and after applying the preprocessing algorithms. Then, the impact of image preprocessing algorithms on the percentage of successful iris segmentation is evaluated by means of a visual inspection of images in order to determine if circumferences of iris and pupil were detected correctly. An increase from 59% to 73% in percentage of successful iris segmentation is obtained with an algorithm that combine elimination of specular reflections, followed by the implementation of a Gaussian filter having a 5x5 kernel. The results highlight the importance of a preprocessing stage as a previous step in order to improve the performance during the edge detection and iris segmentation processes.
{"title":"Evaluación del impacto del preprocesamiento de imágenes en la segmentación del iris","authors":"José F. Valencia-Murillo, Daniel A. Poveda-Sendales, Daniel F. Valencia-Vargas","doi":"10.22430/22565337.544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22430/22565337.544","url":null,"abstract":"Segmentation is one of the most important stages in iris recognition systems. In this paper, image preprocessing algorithms are applied in order to evaluate their impact on successful iris segmentation. The preprocessing algorithms are based on histogram adjustment, Gaussian filters and suppression of specular reflections in human eye images. The segmentation method introduced by Masek is applied on 199 images acquired under unconstrained conditions, belonging to the CASIA-irisV3 database, before and after applying the preprocessing algorithms. Then, the impact of image preprocessing algorithms on the percentage of successful iris segmentation is evaluated by means of a visual inspection of images in order to determine if circumferences of iris and pupil were detected correctly. An increase from 59% to 73% in percentage of successful iris segmentation is obtained with an algorithm that combine elimination of specular reflections, followed by the implementation of a Gaussian filter having a 5x5 kernel. The results highlight the importance of a preprocessing stage as a previous step in order to improve the performance during the edge detection and iris segmentation processes.","PeriodicalId":30469,"journal":{"name":"TecnoLogicas","volume":"17 1","pages":"31-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68493956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
José Armando Becerra-Vargas, Francisco Ernesto Moreno-García, Juan J. Quiroz-Omaña, Deyanira Bautista-Arias
The modeling of a process or a plant is vital for the design of its control system, since it allows predicting its dynamic and behavior under different circumstances, inputs, disturbances and noise. The main objective of this work is to identify which model is best for a permanent magnet brushless DC specific motor. For this, the mathematical model of a DC motor brushless PW16D, manufactured by Golden Motor, is presented and compared with its black box model; both are derived from experimental data. These data, the average applied voltage and the angular velocity, are acquired by a data acquisition card and imported to the computer. The constants of the mathematical model are estimated by a curve fitting algorithm based on non-linear least squares and pattern search using computational tool. To estimate the mathematical model constants by non-linear least square and search pattern, a goodness of fit of 84.88% and 80.48% respectively was obtained. The goodness of fit obtained by the black box model was 87.72%. The mathematical model presented slightly lower goodness of fit, but allowed to analyze the behavior of variables of interest such as the power consumption and the torque applied to the motor. Because of this, it is concluded that the mathematical model obtained by experimental data of the brushless motor PW16D, is better than its black box model.
{"title":"Estimación de parámetros y modelo de caja negra de un motor CD sin escobillas","authors":"José Armando Becerra-Vargas, Francisco Ernesto Moreno-García, Juan J. Quiroz-Omaña, Deyanira Bautista-Arias","doi":"10.22430/22565337.546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22430/22565337.546","url":null,"abstract":"The modeling of a process or a plant is vital for the design of its control system, since it allows predicting its dynamic and behavior under different circumstances, inputs, disturbances and noise. The main objective of this work is to identify which model is best for a permanent magnet brushless DC specific motor. For this, the mathematical model of a DC motor brushless PW16D, manufactured by Golden Motor, is presented and compared with its black box model; both are derived from experimental data. These data, the average applied voltage and the angular velocity, are acquired by a data acquisition card and imported to the computer. The constants of the mathematical model are estimated by a curve fitting algorithm based on non-linear least squares and pattern search using computational tool. To estimate the mathematical model constants by non-linear least square and search pattern, a goodness of fit of 84.88% and 80.48% respectively was obtained. The goodness of fit obtained by the black box model was 87.72%. The mathematical model presented slightly lower goodness of fit, but allowed to analyze the behavior of variables of interest such as the power consumption and the torque applied to the motor. Because of this, it is concluded that the mathematical model obtained by experimental data of the brushless motor PW16D, is better than its black box model.","PeriodicalId":30469,"journal":{"name":"TecnoLogicas","volume":"17 1","pages":"55-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68493993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article describes two important issues, the first is the process to design, implement and validate a mechanical dryer of oregano, using propane gas as fuel, and the second is the cost of the process of dehydrated, taking into account the cost of electric energy consumption by the fan and the cost of propane gas consumption by the heat exchanger. To achieve this, it was necessary review the state of the art and the study of the raw material (oregano), were established as premises of design the necessary technical specifications and the variables involved in the process, using conceptual methods and simulation to ensure that it complies with the ISO standard 7925:1999, which defines the requirements for the marketing of dried oregano and processed. Emphasis was made on the percentage of moisture that is 10%, the moisture of the product was found by the azeotropic distillation method, subsequently was validated the functionality and efficiency, comparing the results from an experimental design, then it was obtained the drying curve of oregano with the prototype of drying and it was checked if it meets ISO 7925:1999 standard and the NTC 4423 standard in order to obtain a final product dehydrated with the percentage of humidity appropriate.
{"title":"Procedimiento para deshidratación de orégano utilizando gas propano como combustible","authors":"C. O. Velásquez-Santos, Carlos A. Acevedo-Álvarez","doi":"10.22430/22565337.542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22430/22565337.542","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes two important issues, the first is the process to design, implement and validate a mechanical dryer of oregano, using propane gas as fuel, and the second is the cost of the process of dehydrated, taking into account the cost of electric energy consumption by the fan and the cost of propane gas consumption by the heat exchanger. To achieve this, it was necessary review the state of the art and the study of the raw material (oregano), were established as premises of design the necessary technical specifications and the variables involved in the process, using conceptual methods and simulation to ensure that it complies with the ISO standard 7925:1999, which defines the requirements for the marketing of dried oregano and processed. Emphasis was made on the percentage of moisture that is 10%, the moisture of the product was found by the azeotropic distillation method, subsequently was validated the functionality and efficiency, comparing the results from an experimental design, then it was obtained the drying curve of oregano with the prototype of drying and it was checked if it meets ISO 7925:1999 standard and the NTC 4423 standard in order to obtain a final product dehydrated with the percentage of humidity appropriate.","PeriodicalId":30469,"journal":{"name":"TecnoLogicas","volume":"17 1","pages":"13-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68493774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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