Risk is a challenge for any enterprise, because at the time when we identify the risk, it cannot be totally canceled, being assumed different depending on the different attitude. Thus, in the study of risk analysis, it is appreciated that, essentially, there are two categories of variables that cause the greatest sensitivity of the result indicators: the cost structure, being considered the main cause of the economic risk, and the financial structure of the enterprise, which has the potential to determine the financial risk. The size of the operating risk is conditioned by the enterprise's ability to efficiently manage the cost structure and to take into account the fact that it develops unequal sensitivity to activity level variations because some expenditure vary (proportionally or non-proportionally) to the volume of activity, being categorized as variable costs, and another category of expenditure is low or almost of insignificant variability depending on the volume of activity variation, being considered as fixed or structure expenditure, these costs lead to a decrease in enterprise flexibility as they do not have the property to adapt when the volume of activity is changing. Based on these considerations, in the methodological approach of this paper we considered the way of determining the economic risk for two economic entities, which operate in the same geographical area, having the same object of activity, through the instrumentation used in cost-volume analysis, this model of analysis is also a useful tool for forecasting and managerial control.
{"title":"Tools Designed to Analyze the Enterprise Economic Risk and its Usefulness for Forecasting and Managerial Control","authors":"C. Mihalciuc","doi":"10.18662/LUMPROC.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18662/LUMPROC.87","url":null,"abstract":"Risk is a challenge for any enterprise, because at the time when we identify the risk, it cannot be totally canceled, being assumed different depending on the different attitude. Thus, in the study of risk analysis, it is appreciated that, essentially, there are two categories of variables that cause the greatest sensitivity of the result indicators: the cost structure, being considered the main cause of the economic risk, and the financial structure of the enterprise, which has the potential to determine the financial risk. The size of the operating risk is conditioned by the enterprise's ability to efficiently manage the cost structure and to take into account the fact that it develops unequal sensitivity to activity level variations because some expenditure vary (proportionally or non-proportionally) to the volume of activity, being categorized as variable costs, and another category of expenditure is low or almost of insignificant variability depending on the volume of activity variation, being considered as fixed or structure expenditure, these costs lead to a decrease in enterprise flexibility as they do not have the property to adapt when the volume of activity is changing. Based on these considerations, in the methodological approach of this paper we considered the way of determining the economic risk for two economic entities, which operate in the same geographical area, having the same object of activity, through the instrumentation used in cost-volume analysis, this model of analysis is also a useful tool for forecasting and managerial control.","PeriodicalId":30470,"journal":{"name":"GEOREVIEW Scientific Annals of Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava Geography Series","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80422822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cost-Benefit Analysis is an analytical tool used to estimate (in terms of benefits and costs) the socio-economic impact due to the implementation of certain actions and / or projects. The impact has to be assessed against predetermined objectives, with the analysis usually taking place by taking into account all individuals affected by the action, either directly or indirectly. The paper presents the importance of Cost-Benefit Analysis for companies that want to access non-reimbursable funds (from the European Commission's budget or national budget), but also its impact on the decision of the financiers to grant funds to the applicant companies. Cost-Benefit Analysis forecasts will positively impact company’s activity? Is CBA real or shows processed information only to determine the financer to give the financing? Who really benefits from the forecasts? These are questions stay unanswered, because the risks and uncertainties to which companies are subjected daily, does no guaranties for future developments and situation, non the less a CBA. The CBA stay only a prediction.
{"title":"Performing Cost-Benefit Analysis for Funding Projects","authors":"Lucia Moroşan-Dănilă","doi":"10.18662/LUMPROC.89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18662/LUMPROC.89","url":null,"abstract":"Cost-Benefit Analysis is an analytical tool used to estimate (in terms of benefits and costs) the socio-economic impact due to the implementation of certain actions and / or projects. The impact has to be assessed against predetermined objectives, with the analysis usually taking place by taking into account all individuals affected by the action, either directly or indirectly. The paper presents the importance of Cost-Benefit Analysis for companies that want to access non-reimbursable funds (from the European Commission's budget or national budget), but also its impact on the decision of the financiers to grant funds to the applicant companies. Cost-Benefit Analysis forecasts will positively impact company’s activity? Is CBA real or shows processed information only to determine the financer to give the financing? Who really benefits from the forecasts? These are questions stay unanswered, because the risks and uncertainties to which companies are subjected daily, does no guaranties for future developments and situation, non the less a CBA. The CBA stay only a prediction.","PeriodicalId":30470,"journal":{"name":"GEOREVIEW Scientific Annals of Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava Geography Series","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73869520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Public debt is a topical issue facing many countries. Public debt has been and continues to be the subject of discussions on the need to identify new instruments to finance the general needs of society and to diversify current instruments for the procurement of public financial resources in addition to those foreseen in the consolidated general budget. Rising public debt may be sustainable insofar as the direction in which that debt is going is somewhat productive and allows for the reimbursement of that extra burden. The present study aims to present some considerations regarding the evolution of Romania's public debt, as this is a rather serious problem and a challenge facing our country at present. The research is based on a study on the public debt of Romania, a study that also follows the comparative approach of the evolution of public debt in Romania in relation to the public debt registered by other EU states.
{"title":"Analysis of Public Debt Sustainability in EU Countries","authors":"A. Apetri","doi":"10.18662/lumproc.82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18662/lumproc.82","url":null,"abstract":"Public debt is a topical issue facing many countries. Public debt has been and continues to be the subject of discussions on the need to identify new instruments to finance the general needs of society and to diversify current instruments for the procurement of public financial resources in addition to those foreseen in the consolidated general budget. Rising public debt may be sustainable insofar as the direction in which that debt is going is somewhat productive and allows for the reimbursement of that extra burden. \u0000The present study aims to present some considerations regarding the evolution of Romania's public debt, as this is a rather serious problem and a challenge facing our country at present. The research is based on a study on the public debt of Romania, a study that also follows the comparative approach of the evolution of public debt in Romania in relation to the public debt registered by other EU states.","PeriodicalId":30470,"journal":{"name":"GEOREVIEW Scientific Annals of Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava Geography Series","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83609247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Boghean, Marius Blanariu, Suceava Sc Expertconta Srl
At present, the significant problems faced by most economic agents are represented by the large amount of complex legislation, which is difficult to understand and apply, interpretable and sometimes contradictory to other laws. This is true for companies working in the field of international road transport of goods, a distinct field in Romania which is characterized by a period of growth that has accounted for 3.5% of the registered number of employees in the economy. In the paper I presented a series of additional information on the completion of individual labor contracts in order to obtain a favorable opinion in the case of an inspection carried out by the Labor Inspection Authority (LIA) supervisory bodies, the obligations and problems resulting from the Minimum Wage Law in Germany. I also proposed an alternative solution with a reduced tax burden for applying the provisions of the MiLoG Law. Regarding the research on the evolution of the transport activity this was done for the period 2010-2017 based on the data provided by the National Institute of Statistics and the Ministry of Public Finance.
{"title":"Accounting and Tax Perspectives Regarding the International Road Traffic of Goods Activity","authors":"F. Boghean, Marius Blanariu, Suceava Sc Expertconta Srl","doi":"10.18662/lumproc.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18662/lumproc.83","url":null,"abstract":"At present, the significant problems faced by most economic agents are represented by the large amount of complex legislation, which is difficult to understand and apply, interpretable and sometimes contradictory to other laws. This is true for companies working in the field of international road transport of goods, a distinct field in Romania which is characterized by a period of growth that has accounted for 3.5% of the registered number of employees in the economy. In the paper I presented a series of additional information on the completion of individual labor contracts in order to obtain a favorable opinion in the case of an inspection carried out by the Labor Inspection Authority (LIA) supervisory bodies, the obligations and problems resulting from the Minimum Wage Law in Germany. I also proposed an alternative solution with a reduced tax burden for applying the provisions of the MiLoG Law. Regarding the research on the evolution of the transport activity this was done for the period 2010-2017 based on the data provided by the National Institute of Statistics and the Ministry of Public Finance.","PeriodicalId":30470,"journal":{"name":"GEOREVIEW Scientific Annals of Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava Geography Series","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86635447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper intends to review the need of cryptocurrency on the European and International market. Why cryptocurrency is bad and good at the same time for the international financial market is one of the main issues of this paper. Where are Bitcoin, Ethereum, Ripple, Bitcoin Cash, Litecoin going to and why cryp tocurrencies are necessary on today’s market. Although there is no sure thing on crypto, on the long term, the market keeps going up and there is much interest in this direction.
{"title":"The Need of Cryptocurrency on Today’s Market and the Evolution of the Needed Processing Power","authors":"Stefan Sfitchi","doi":"10.18662/LUMPROC.94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18662/LUMPROC.94","url":null,"abstract":"This paper intends to review the need of cryptocurrency on the European and International market. Why cryptocurrency is bad and good at the same time for the international financial market is one of the main issues of this paper. Where are Bitcoin, Ethereum, Ripple, Bitcoin Cash, Litecoin going to and why cryp tocurrencies are necessary on today’s market. Although there is no sure thing on crypto, on the long term, the market keeps going up and there is much interest in this direction.","PeriodicalId":30470,"journal":{"name":"GEOREVIEW Scientific Annals of Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava Geography Series","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76602659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present paper is intended to illustrate a period of complete significance in which, from a doctrinal point of view, accounting has been marked by two major phenomena, namely, the definitive setback of the theory centered on the value accounts and on the patrimonial system, therefore the decline of accounting as scientific discipline, and the rise of the business economy, in close connection with renouncing to the patrimony optic and focusing on performance or revenue.
{"title":"A Short Incursion into the Accounting of the Middle Ages","authors":"V. Grosu, E. Hlaciuc","doi":"10.18662/LUMPROC.86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18662/LUMPROC.86","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper is intended to illustrate a period of complete significance in which, from a doctrinal point of view, accounting has been marked by two major phenomena, namely, the definitive setback of the theory centered on the value accounts and on the patrimonial system, therefore the decline of accounting as scientific discipline, and the rise of the business economy, in close connection with renouncing to the patrimony optic and focusing on performance or revenue.","PeriodicalId":30470,"journal":{"name":"GEOREVIEW Scientific Annals of Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava Geography Series","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85164460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a personal perspective on the most recent disclosures on how information technology was used to break laws, to change buyers' behaviour by making them buy new and more expensive products, or even risking the safety and the life of the consumers and other people.
{"title":"IT&C Under the Pressure of Economic Competition and Political Decision","authors":"D. Tiliute","doi":"10.18662/lumproc.95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18662/lumproc.95","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a personal perspective on the most recent disclosures on how information technology was used to break laws, to change buyers' behaviour by making them buy new and more expensive products, or even risking the safety and the life of the consumers and other people.","PeriodicalId":30470,"journal":{"name":"GEOREVIEW Scientific Annals of Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava Geography Series","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83319407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sports activity has been analyzed over time by sociologists, doctors, sports analysts, and more recently by economists and lawyers. The overall objective of the paper is to tackle only a part of what would be generically called in foreign doctrine, sports accounting and its tax implications, namely the part that strictly aimes at the athlete, as one of the main actors not only of sports activity in the sense of competition, but also in terms of economic activity governed by legal norms. Our research aims, on the one hand, to highlight the fact that sports activity is an area of public interest, and on the other hand that it is necessary to research the accounting and tax implications in sport in order to reduce the impact of money laundering through this activity and to create a reasonable assurance to all the beneficiaries in this branch whatever they are (athletes, clubs, investors, fans).
{"title":"Tax Fraud Due To The Ambigous Sportsman Tax Status","authors":"F. Boghean, Ioana Zumbas","doi":"10.18662/LUMPROC.84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18662/LUMPROC.84","url":null,"abstract":"Sports activity has been analyzed over time by sociologists, doctors, sports analysts, and more recently by economists and lawyers. The overall objective of the paper is to tackle only a part of what would be generically called in foreign doctrine, sports accounting and its tax implications, namely the part that strictly aimes at the athlete, as one of the main actors not only of sports activity in the sense of competition, but also in terms of economic activity governed by legal norms. Our research aims, on the one hand, to highlight the fact that sports activity is an area of public interest, and on the other hand that it is necessary to research the accounting and tax implications in sport in order to reduce the impact of money laundering through this activity and to create a reasonable assurance to all the beneficiaries in this branch whatever they are (athletes, clubs, investors, fans).","PeriodicalId":30470,"journal":{"name":"GEOREVIEW Scientific Annals of Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava Geography Series","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74581680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It can be stated that in Romania there is a clear dependence of taxation on accounting that one can argue biases the quality of the information provided by the accounting information system. In this paper the authors analyzed, by use of environmental analysis and different methodological methods several possible causes that conduct to the statement of the following paradigm: “The accounting information quality is biased by taxation”. In order to achieve this, as an environmental analysis tool the Ishikawa diagram or cause-effect diagram was used. The main findings are that in Romania, to a large extent, accounting is not disconnected from taxation, although steps were made in this direction through the adoption and implementation by the listed companies of the IFRS. There can be noticed a book-tax alignment tendency in what concerns the accounting result and the tax result, although there are regulatory differences meant to address the possible temptation towards the manipulation of the accounting result by the taxpayer. To some extent it can be argued that the main user of the financial reports issued according to accounting rules and regulations is mainly the state and to a smaller extent the other stakeholders and that sometimes professional judgments made by specialists when choosing accounting policies and treatments are influenced by taxation.
{"title":"Illustrating the Relationship Between Accounting and Taxation – A Romanian Approach. The Ishikawa Diagram","authors":"Cristina Timofte (Coca), Simona-Maria Tanasă (Brînzaru)","doi":"10.18662/lumproc.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18662/lumproc.91","url":null,"abstract":"It can be stated that in Romania there is a clear dependence of taxation on accounting that one can argue biases the quality of the information provided by the accounting information system. In this paper the authors analyzed, by use of environmental analysis and different methodological methods several possible causes that conduct to the statement of the following paradigm: “The accounting information quality is biased by taxation”. In order to achieve this, as an environmental analysis tool the Ishikawa diagram or cause-effect diagram was used. The main findings are that in Romania, to a large extent, accounting is not disconnected from taxation, although steps were made in this direction through the adoption and implementation by the listed companies of the IFRS. There can be noticed a book-tax alignment tendency in what concerns the accounting result and the tax result, although there are regulatory differences meant to address the possible temptation towards the manipulation of the accounting result by the taxpayer. To some extent it can be argued that the main user of the financial reports issued according to accounting rules and regulations is mainly the state and to a smaller extent the other stakeholders and that sometimes professional judgments made by specialists when choosing accounting policies and treatments are influenced by taxation.","PeriodicalId":30470,"journal":{"name":"GEOREVIEW Scientific Annals of Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava Geography Series","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86018498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Captives of the mutation to a so-called intangible economy, the recent history, and the economic and social trends, shows that the competitive or the power differences between economies/societies derive, today, from the differences of intangible assets that each of them has. If this assertion remains a desideratum in the structure of the economic sciences, aiming at pragmatic consecration, the current economic landscape gives us a more realistic picture of the dynamics, welfare and competition of the world's economies. In the sense of the above mentioned, it is remarked that the international economic space, especially the one geographically delimited by the EU, still shows a clear focus on the ability of economies and political decision-makers to ensure the social well-being of different economic and social entities (population, companies, as well as of the state, per se) on the account of the ability to collect significant tax revenues from the population. Thus, the present paper was based on a comparative study at the level of the EU countries, referring to the size and dynamics of the public resources (the characteristics and particularities of some of the tax systems, the taxation and the collection methods, the relevant fiscal domains or charging new taxes) as the title, obviously, suggests.
{"title":"The Dimension and Dynamics of Tax Revenues. A Vision on the EU Level","authors":"Gheorghe Moroşan, L. Scurtu","doi":"10.18662/LUMPROC.88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18662/LUMPROC.88","url":null,"abstract":"Captives of the mutation to a so-called intangible economy, the recent history, and the economic and social trends, shows that the competitive or the power differences between economies/societies derive, today, from the differences of intangible assets that each of them has. If this assertion remains a desideratum in the structure of the economic sciences, aiming at pragmatic consecration, the current economic landscape gives us a more realistic picture of the dynamics, welfare and competition of the world's economies. In the sense of the above mentioned, it is remarked that the international economic space, especially the one geographically delimited by the EU, still shows a clear focus on the ability of economies and political decision-makers to ensure the social well-being of different economic and social entities (population, companies, as well as of the state, per se) on the account of the ability to collect significant tax revenues from the population. Thus, the present paper was based on a comparative study at the level of the EU countries, referring to the size and dynamics of the public resources (the characteristics and particularities of some of the tax systems, the taxation and the collection methods, the relevant fiscal domains or charging new taxes) as the title, obviously, suggests.","PeriodicalId":30470,"journal":{"name":"GEOREVIEW Scientific Annals of Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava Geography Series","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81262864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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