Pub Date : 2024-02-23DOI: 10.1097/gh9.0000000000000285
S. Zeghoud, Asma Ben Amor, H. Hemmami, Ali Alnazza Alhamad
{"title":"Techniques using nanoparticles to fight COVID-19","authors":"S. Zeghoud, Asma Ben Amor, H. Hemmami, Ali Alnazza Alhamad","doi":"10.1097/gh9.0000000000000285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/gh9.0000000000000285","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":306111,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery: Global Health","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140436737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-22DOI: 10.1097/gh9.0000000000000413
Toufik Abdul-Rahman, Shankha Ghosh, Lukman Lawal, G. Bamigbade, O. F. Olanrewaju, O. R. Amarachi, A. Aborode, A. A. Wireko, A. J. Faniyi, U. H. Alao
Monkeypox is a zoonotic viral disease previously limited to isolated regions of Central Africa. The reasons for resurgence of the disease in Africa are multifaceted, including waning herd immunity acquired from smallpox vaccination, the evolution of the virus, disruption of health systems by the COVID-19 pandemic, and lack of adequate global funding for monkeypox research and intervention commodities in African countries. Policymakers should regulate the distribution of African rodents, and healthcare workers must be trained in monkeypox surveillance and case definition. The adoption of the mobile digital Surveillance Outbreak Response Management and Analysis System (SORMAS) is recommended to improve disease surveillance and outbreak management. African governments must collaborate with global leaders and pharmaceutical industries to develop and distribute monkeypox vaccines and specific therapeutics. These measures are crucial in preventing and managing monkeypox outbreaks.
{"title":"Tackling the resurgence of monkeypox in Africa: challenges and strategies for eradication","authors":"Toufik Abdul-Rahman, Shankha Ghosh, Lukman Lawal, G. Bamigbade, O. F. Olanrewaju, O. R. Amarachi, A. Aborode, A. A. Wireko, A. J. Faniyi, U. H. Alao","doi":"10.1097/gh9.0000000000000413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/gh9.0000000000000413","url":null,"abstract":"Monkeypox is a zoonotic viral disease previously limited to isolated regions of Central Africa. The reasons for resurgence of the disease in Africa are multifaceted, including waning herd immunity acquired from smallpox vaccination, the evolution of the virus, disruption of health systems by the COVID-19 pandemic, and lack of adequate global funding for monkeypox research and intervention commodities in African countries. Policymakers should regulate the distribution of African rodents, and healthcare workers must be trained in monkeypox surveillance and case definition. The adoption of the mobile digital Surveillance Outbreak Response Management and Analysis System (SORMAS) is recommended to improve disease surveillance and outbreak management. African governments must collaborate with global leaders and pharmaceutical industries to develop and distribute monkeypox vaccines and specific therapeutics. These measures are crucial in preventing and managing monkeypox outbreaks.","PeriodicalId":306111,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery: Global Health","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140439985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-20DOI: 10.1097/gh9.0000000000000425
William Nkenguye
{"title":"Addressing the silent struggle: adolescent depression in Tanzania","authors":"William Nkenguye","doi":"10.1097/gh9.0000000000000425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/gh9.0000000000000425","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":306111,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery: Global Health","volume":"254 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140448371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-20DOI: 10.1097/gh9.0000000000000427
William Nkenguye
{"title":"Impacting lives: the silent crisis of pediatric traumatic brain injury","authors":"William Nkenguye","doi":"10.1097/gh9.0000000000000427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/gh9.0000000000000427","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":306111,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery: Global Health","volume":"188 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140447640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-20DOI: 10.1097/gh9.0000000000000432
B. Takoutsing, Geneviève Endalle, Aissatou Sow, Derek O. Nyoh, Vera A. Fontem
A heterotopic pregnancy (HP) following spontaneous conception is a rare and potentially life-threatening condition. Its diagnosis can be overlooked, hence remaining one of the challenging gyneco-obstetrical emergencies, especially in the low-resource setting. A 24-year-old G2P0010 at 11 weeks of gestation with a history of one induced abortion and a family history of twin pregnancies presented with an acute abdomen, associated with vaginal spotting in an afebrile context. An abdominopelvic ultrasound showed retained products of conception, and the presence of a left adnexal mass suggestive of an extrauterine gestational sac at ~6 weeks of gestation. There was spontaneous expulsion of retained products of conception. The deterioration of the hemodynamic stability of the patient prompted an emergency laparotomy to be done. The patient was transfused, postsalpingectomy counseling done and was discharged on oral analgesics, blood tonics, and antibiotics on day 6 postoperation. HP following spontaneous conception is a rare and potentially life-threatening condition. This case reports on the management of spontaneous HP resulting in a ruptured ectopic pregnancy (EP) and a complete spontaneous abortion managed in a low-resource setting. This case emphasizes the importance of a systematic ultrasound to be done for all patients with a clinically confirmed abortion to rule out an associated EP. A spontaneous abortion without signs of peritoneal irritation can be associated with an EP. Ultrasound can help in the early diagnosis, and laparotomy can be life-saving.
{"title":"Spontaneous heterotopic pregnancy resulting in tubal rupture and complete spontaneous abortion: a case report in Tiko, Cameroon","authors":"B. Takoutsing, Geneviève Endalle, Aissatou Sow, Derek O. Nyoh, Vera A. Fontem","doi":"10.1097/gh9.0000000000000432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/gh9.0000000000000432","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 A heterotopic pregnancy (HP) following spontaneous conception is a rare and potentially life-threatening condition. Its diagnosis can be overlooked, hence remaining one of the challenging gyneco-obstetrical emergencies, especially in the low-resource setting.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A 24-year-old G2P0010 at 11 weeks of gestation with a history of one induced abortion and a family history of twin pregnancies presented with an acute abdomen, associated with vaginal spotting in an afebrile context. An abdominopelvic ultrasound showed retained products of conception, and the presence of a left adnexal mass suggestive of an extrauterine gestational sac at ~6 weeks of gestation. There was spontaneous expulsion of retained products of conception. The deterioration of the hemodynamic stability of the patient prompted an emergency laparotomy to be done. The patient was transfused, postsalpingectomy counseling done and was discharged on oral analgesics, blood tonics, and antibiotics on day 6 postoperation.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 HP following spontaneous conception is a rare and potentially life-threatening condition. This case reports on the management of spontaneous HP resulting in a ruptured ectopic pregnancy (EP) and a complete spontaneous abortion managed in a low-resource setting. This case emphasizes the importance of a systematic ultrasound to be done for all patients with a clinically confirmed abortion to rule out an associated EP.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A spontaneous abortion without signs of peritoneal irritation can be associated with an EP. Ultrasound can help in the early diagnosis, and laparotomy can be life-saving.\u0000","PeriodicalId":306111,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery: Global Health","volume":"279 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140447338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-20DOI: 10.1097/gh9.0000000000000420
Safayet Jamil, Sanobar Shariff, Burhan Kantawala, P. Satapathy, Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib, Shilpa Gaidhane, Q. Zahiruddin, Ahmad Neyazi, M. Neyazi, M. N. Dawlati
{"title":"Self-medication in Bangladesh: significance of drug control and distribution by pharmacists","authors":"Safayet Jamil, Sanobar Shariff, Burhan Kantawala, P. Satapathy, Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib, Shilpa Gaidhane, Q. Zahiruddin, Ahmad Neyazi, M. Neyazi, M. N. Dawlati","doi":"10.1097/gh9.0000000000000420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/gh9.0000000000000420","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":306111,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery: Global Health","volume":"219 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140448388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-20DOI: 10.1097/gh9.0000000000000428
William Nkenguye
{"title":"Climate change impacts on malaria: a call to action","authors":"William Nkenguye","doi":"10.1097/gh9.0000000000000428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/gh9.0000000000000428","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":306111,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery: Global Health","volume":"620 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140446801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-20DOI: 10.1097/gh9.0000000000000417
R. Kafle, T. N. Yogi, Sanjok Bartaula, Amrit Bhusal, Sujal Labh, Himal Bk, Nakendra Malla, Manish Gahatraj
Traumatic scrotal sac hematoma is an uncommon medical condition following a fall injury. Symptoms include swelling, pain, and discoloration. Accurate and immediate diagnosis is crucial to avoid complications and prevent testis loss, abscess formation, erectile dysfunction, and infection. This case highlights the importance of prompt evaluation and treatment to prevent complications and ensure optimal patient outcomes. A 56-year-old man without prior medical history presented to the emergency department with scrotal pain and swelling 10 h after a traumatic event. The patient underwent a series of examinations, including radiological studies, before undergoing scrotal exploration and hematoma evacuation under subarachnoid block anesthesia. As of now, the patient has not experienced any complications that have impacted his quality of life. Scrotal sac hematoma is formed following a blunt trauma when a significant force is transferred during contact with a solid object, impact from sports equipment, road traffic accidents, or falls from a height. If early exploration is delayed, then it can lead to complications like testicular atrophy, abscess formation, and infection. Hence, prompt diagnosis with clinical and radiological evaluation followed by immediate surgical intervention can result in better outcomes. Scrotal sac hematoma from blunt trauma is rare but can cause significant morbidity and psychological distress. Early surgical intervention is often necessary, especially if a testicle has ruptured, to salvage viable testicular tissue and control bleeding, resolve pain faster, shorten hospital stays, and improve the quality of life for patients.
{"title":"Traumatic scrotal sac hematoma after a fall injury","authors":"R. Kafle, T. N. Yogi, Sanjok Bartaula, Amrit Bhusal, Sujal Labh, Himal Bk, Nakendra Malla, Manish Gahatraj","doi":"10.1097/gh9.0000000000000417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/gh9.0000000000000417","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Traumatic scrotal sac hematoma is an uncommon medical condition following a fall injury. Symptoms include swelling, pain, and discoloration. Accurate and immediate diagnosis is crucial to avoid complications and prevent testis loss, abscess formation, erectile dysfunction, and infection. This case highlights the importance of prompt evaluation and treatment to prevent complications and ensure optimal patient outcomes.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A 56-year-old man without prior medical history presented to the emergency department with scrotal pain and swelling 10 h after a traumatic event. The patient underwent a series of examinations, including radiological studies, before undergoing scrotal exploration and hematoma evacuation under subarachnoid block anesthesia. As of now, the patient has not experienced any complications that have impacted his quality of life.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Scrotal sac hematoma is formed following a blunt trauma when a significant force is transferred during contact with a solid object, impact from sports equipment, road traffic accidents, or falls from a height. If early exploration is delayed, then it can lead to complications like testicular atrophy, abscess formation, and infection. Hence, prompt diagnosis with clinical and radiological evaluation followed by immediate surgical intervention can result in better outcomes.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Scrotal sac hematoma from blunt trauma is rare but can cause significant morbidity and psychological distress. Early surgical intervention is often necessary, especially if a testicle has ruptured, to salvage viable testicular tissue and control bleeding, resolve pain faster, shorten hospital stays, and improve the quality of life for patients.\u0000","PeriodicalId":306111,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery: Global Health","volume":"288 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140447152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-20DOI: 10.1097/gh9.0000000000000403
Krishna Dahal, Laba Rawal, Sangam Shah, Shristy Pokharel, Mahesh Dahal, Sahira Shrestha, S. K. Mishra, S. Maharjan, Sujata Baidya
Surgical site infection (SSI) is the second most common hospital-acquired infection. The identification of bacterial pathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern is required for the successful treatment of SSI and curb antimicrobial resistance, which is a major threat globally. This study aimed to assess the microbial profile of the organisms causing SSI and their antibiogram in a tertiary care hospital. This cross-sectional study was conducted at Microbiology Laboratory of tertiary care hospital, from March 2023 to August 2023. Swab or aspirate specimens were collected aseptically from the surgical site and processed for bacterial isolation following standard bacteriological techniques. Gram’s staining and biochemical tests were performed to identify the organisms at the species level. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were done following Kirby–Bauer’s disc diffusion method. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version16.0. Out of 405 samples, 92 (22.7%) yielded bacterial growth. Eighty-three culture positive cases (90.2%) were monomicrobial while nine (15.7%) had mixed growth of at least two different bacteria. Out of 108 isolates, 43 (39.8%) were gram-positive and 65 (60.2%) were gram-negative bacteria. Escherichia coli (39.8%) was the most commonly isolated organism. All gram-negative isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone followed by amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (94.0%), amoxicillin (94.0%), cefixime (90.7%), and cefepime (89.8%). Similarly, none of the gram-positive isolates were susceptible to ampicillin, amoxicillin, and ampicillin/sulbactam. The most effective drugs against E. coli were imipenem (100%), followed by tigecycline (96%), meropenem (95.1%), chloramphenicol (84%), amikacin (81.5%), and gentamicin (81.5%). Overall prevalence of MDR was 59.3%. Our study demonstrates increased resistance of both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms to commonly used drugs like cephalosporins and even quinolones. Continued surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibility results at local level, dissemination of data, and prescribing the antibiotics accordingly based on culture and sensitivity results are necessary to ameliorate antimicrobial resistance.
{"title":"Pattern of antibiotic resistance in surgical site infections in a tertiary care hospital of Nepal","authors":"Krishna Dahal, Laba Rawal, Sangam Shah, Shristy Pokharel, Mahesh Dahal, Sahira Shrestha, S. K. Mishra, S. Maharjan, Sujata Baidya","doi":"10.1097/gh9.0000000000000403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/gh9.0000000000000403","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Surgical site infection (SSI) is the second most common hospital-acquired infection. The identification of bacterial pathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern is required for the successful treatment of SSI and curb antimicrobial resistance, which is a major threat globally. This study aimed to assess the microbial profile of the organisms causing SSI and their antibiogram in a tertiary care hospital.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This cross-sectional study was conducted at Microbiology Laboratory of tertiary care hospital, from March 2023 to August 2023. Swab or aspirate specimens were collected aseptically from the surgical site and processed for bacterial isolation following standard bacteriological techniques. Gram’s staining and biochemical tests were performed to identify the organisms at the species level. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were done following Kirby–Bauer’s disc diffusion method. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version16.0.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Out of 405 samples, 92 (22.7%) yielded bacterial growth. Eighty-three culture positive cases (90.2%) were monomicrobial while nine (15.7%) had mixed growth of at least two different bacteria. Out of 108 isolates, 43 (39.8%) were gram-positive and 65 (60.2%) were gram-negative bacteria. Escherichia coli (39.8%) was the most commonly isolated organism. All gram-negative isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone followed by amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (94.0%), amoxicillin (94.0%), cefixime (90.7%), and cefepime (89.8%). Similarly, none of the gram-positive isolates were susceptible to ampicillin, amoxicillin, and ampicillin/sulbactam. The most effective drugs against E. coli were imipenem (100%), followed by tigecycline (96%), meropenem (95.1%), chloramphenicol (84%), amikacin (81.5%), and gentamicin (81.5%). Overall prevalence of MDR was 59.3%.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Our study demonstrates increased resistance of both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms to commonly used drugs like cephalosporins and even quinolones. Continued surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibility results at local level, dissemination of data, and prescribing the antibiotics accordingly based on culture and sensitivity results are necessary to ameliorate antimicrobial resistance.\u0000","PeriodicalId":306111,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery: Global Health","volume":"108 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140447269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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