Pub Date : 2023-08-25DOI: 10.1097/GH9.0000000000000254
A. Basaria, Ismat Fatima, N. Raufi
A rare life-threatening condition known as homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) is characterized by markedly elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the blood and accelerated, premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD) [1] . It is clinically characterized by extensive xanthomas, marked premature and progressive ACVD
{"title":"Evinacumab—a treatment for homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia","authors":"A. Basaria, Ismat Fatima, N. Raufi","doi":"10.1097/GH9.0000000000000254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/GH9.0000000000000254","url":null,"abstract":"A rare life-threatening condition known as homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) is characterized by markedly elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the blood and accelerated, premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD) [1] . It is clinically characterized by extensive xanthomas, marked premature and progressive ACVD","PeriodicalId":306111,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery: Global Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130248158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-25DOI: 10.1097/gh9.0000000000000250
A. Aborode, Agwuna Favour Obianuju, Lukman Lawal, Nasir Abdulrasheed, Rusab Baig, Tijanu Yusuf Olatunji, Al-Mansur Sumayya Auwal, A. Olorukooba, Fatima Abdirazak Ahmed
{"title":"Neglected tropical diseases in conflict-affected areas in Africa: an unknown burden","authors":"A. Aborode, Agwuna Favour Obianuju, Lukman Lawal, Nasir Abdulrasheed, Rusab Baig, Tijanu Yusuf Olatunji, Al-Mansur Sumayya Auwal, A. Olorukooba, Fatima Abdirazak Ahmed","doi":"10.1097/gh9.0000000000000250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/gh9.0000000000000250","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":306111,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery: Global Health","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116294166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-24DOI: 10.1097/GH9.0000000000000252
Subash Pathak, Asim Mahat, G. Yadav, U. Mishra, Bikash Duwadi, Mamata Bhattarai, Alisha Rijal
Introduction: The basic computed tomography (CT) characteristics of pleural effusion (PE) were analyzed, and the association between demographic factors and prominent CT findings with different types of PE was assessed. The individual CT characteristics and Light’s criteria for exudative PE were also evaluated. In addition, a cutoff for attenuation values of CT scans for exudative PE was determined. Methods: A cross-sectional study among 92 participants with PE was carried out at Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. The χ2 test, logistic regression analysis, and diagnostic statistics were calculated. The ethical clearance was obtained from the institutional review committee of Institutional review board of National Academy of Medical Sciences (NAMS), Bir Hospital (Ref. 876/076/77). Results: The study examined 92 cases of PE, with 78.3% occurring in males and the majority affecting individuals aged 55–74 years old. Results showed that on CT scans, pleural thickening [odds ratio (OR): 13.89, 95% CI: 4.96–38.86, P < 0.05], pleural nodules (OR: 12.72, 95% CI: 2.64–61.18, P < 0.05) and loculations (OR: 13.46, 95% CI: 4.03–44.89, P < 0.05) were significantly associated with exudative PE. Of these, pleural nodules had the highest specificity (96.4%) and positive likelihood ratio (9), whereas pleural thickening had the highest sensitivity (70.3%). When using the criterion “pleural fluid Lactate Dehydrogenase concentration as positive if it was over two-thirds of the upper limit of normal serum Lactate Dehydrogenase,” the CT scan had a positive likelihood ratio of 22.52. The study also found that an attenuation value ≥9.70 HU could indicate an exudative PE (area under the curve: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.70–0.90, P < 0.05). Conclusion: The CT characteristics, such as pleural thickening, pleural nodules, and loculations, were more likely to be present in exudative PE. In addition, the attenuation values of PE could also determine its nature as either exudate or transudate, with an attenuation value of >9.70 HU indicating an exudative PE.
前言:分析胸腔积液(PE)的基本CT特征，评估人口学因素与不同类型PE突出CT表现的相关性。并评价了个体CT特征和Light的渗出性PE诊断标准。此外，确定了渗出性PE的CT扫描衰减值的截止值。方法:对尼泊尔加德满都Bir医院92名PE患者进行横断面研究。进行χ2检验、logistic回归分析和诊断统计。伦理许可由国家医学科学院(NAMS)机构审查委员会机构审查委员会，Bir医院(参考文献876/076/77)获得。结果:该研究检查了92例PE，其中78.3%发生在男性中，大多数患者年龄在55-74岁之间。结果CT扫描显示，胸膜增厚[比值比(OR): 13.89, 95% CI: 4.96 ~ 38.86, P < 0.05]、胸膜结节(OR: 12.72, 95% CI: 2.64 ~ 61.18, P < 0.05)和胸膜位置(OR: 13.46, 95% CI: 4.03 ~ 44.89, P < 0.05)与渗出性PE显著相关。其中胸膜结节的特异性最高(96.4%)，阳性似然比最高(9)，而胸膜增厚的敏感性最高(70.3%)。以“胸膜液乳酸脱氢酶浓度超过正常血清乳酸脱氢酶上限三分之二为阳性”为标准，CT扫描的阳性似然比为22.52。研究还发现，衰减值≥9.70 HU可提示渗出性PE(曲线下面积:0.80,95% CI: 0.70-0.90, P < 0.05)。结论:渗出性PE更容易出现胸膜增厚、胸膜结节、定位等CT表现。此外，PE的衰减值也可以判断其是渗出型还是渗出型，衰减值>9.70 HU为渗出型PE。
{"title":"Assessment of computed tomography for the diagnosis of exudative and transudative pleural effusion","authors":"Subash Pathak, Asim Mahat, G. Yadav, U. Mishra, Bikash Duwadi, Mamata Bhattarai, Alisha Rijal","doi":"10.1097/GH9.0000000000000252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/GH9.0000000000000252","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The basic computed tomography (CT) characteristics of pleural effusion (PE) were analyzed, and the association between demographic factors and prominent CT findings with different types of PE was assessed. The individual CT characteristics and Light’s criteria for exudative PE were also evaluated. In addition, a cutoff for attenuation values of CT scans for exudative PE was determined. Methods: A cross-sectional study among 92 participants with PE was carried out at Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. The χ2 test, logistic regression analysis, and diagnostic statistics were calculated. The ethical clearance was obtained from the institutional review committee of Institutional review board of National Academy of Medical Sciences (NAMS), Bir Hospital (Ref. 876/076/77). Results: The study examined 92 cases of PE, with 78.3% occurring in males and the majority affecting individuals aged 55–74 years old. Results showed that on CT scans, pleural thickening [odds ratio (OR): 13.89, 95% CI: 4.96–38.86, P < 0.05], pleural nodules (OR: 12.72, 95% CI: 2.64–61.18, P < 0.05) and loculations (OR: 13.46, 95% CI: 4.03–44.89, P < 0.05) were significantly associated with exudative PE. Of these, pleural nodules had the highest specificity (96.4%) and positive likelihood ratio (9), whereas pleural thickening had the highest sensitivity (70.3%). When using the criterion “pleural fluid Lactate Dehydrogenase concentration as positive if it was over two-thirds of the upper limit of normal serum Lactate Dehydrogenase,” the CT scan had a positive likelihood ratio of 22.52. The study also found that an attenuation value ≥9.70 HU could indicate an exudative PE (area under the curve: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.70–0.90, P < 0.05). Conclusion: The CT characteristics, such as pleural thickening, pleural nodules, and loculations, were more likely to be present in exudative PE. In addition, the attenuation values of PE could also determine its nature as either exudate or transudate, with an attenuation value of >9.70 HU indicating an exudative PE.","PeriodicalId":306111,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery: Global Health","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121664912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-23DOI: 10.1097/GH9.0000000000000256
Mahad Ahmed Khan, W. Bilal, Abdullah Nadeem, L. I. Vohra, N. Raufi
Children in India are being infected with a rare, dangerous virus known as “ tomato fl u ” [1] . It is thought of being either a novel variety of the viral hand, foot, and mouth disease or a consequence of chikungunya or dengue fever [2] . According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, hand, foot, and mouth disease is an extremely infectious disease caused by the coxsackievirus A16 that spreads rapidly through an affected person ’ s nasal and oral secretions, excretions, and blister fl uid. As per experts, young children, particularly between 1 and 9 years of age are more susceptible to contracting this disease owing to their compromised immune systems, with the highest prevalence seen in children under 5 years of age [1] . The fi rst case of tomato fl u was reported on May 6, 2022, in the Kollam district of Kerala in India with government health care facilities subsequently documenting infection in further 82 children by July 26, 20222. The Regional Medical Research Centre in Bhubaneswar revealed that an additional 26 children in the state of Odisha had contracted the illness. Other than Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Odisha, no other parts of India have experienced the virus ’ s effects as yet [3] . The hallmark of this disease is blisters all over the body, especially the hands, feet, and oral cavity characterized by a tomato-red hue and the size of a tiny tomato, giving it the moniker “ tomato fl u or tomato fever. ” Complimenting it are symptoms, such as pyrexia, exhaustion, and body pains, reminiscing about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Doctors have also noticed a loss of nails and lesions in unusual places, including the buttocks [4,5] . The incubation period of the disease is 5 – 7 days with diagnosis made by affected individuals going through molecular and serological tests for the diagnosis of the Zika virus,
{"title":"Insights on the tomato flu outbreak in India: could this outbreak be contained?","authors":"Mahad Ahmed Khan, W. Bilal, Abdullah Nadeem, L. I. Vohra, N. Raufi","doi":"10.1097/GH9.0000000000000256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/GH9.0000000000000256","url":null,"abstract":"Children in India are being infected with a rare, dangerous virus known as “ tomato fl u ” [1] . It is thought of being either a novel variety of the viral hand, foot, and mouth disease or a consequence of chikungunya or dengue fever [2] . According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, hand, foot, and mouth disease is an extremely infectious disease caused by the coxsackievirus A16 that spreads rapidly through an affected person ’ s nasal and oral secretions, excretions, and blister fl uid. As per experts, young children, particularly between 1 and 9 years of age are more susceptible to contracting this disease owing to their compromised immune systems, with the highest prevalence seen in children under 5 years of age [1] . The fi rst case of tomato fl u was reported on May 6, 2022, in the Kollam district of Kerala in India with government health care facilities subsequently documenting infection in further 82 children by July 26, 20222. The Regional Medical Research Centre in Bhubaneswar revealed that an additional 26 children in the state of Odisha had contracted the illness. Other than Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Odisha, no other parts of India have experienced the virus ’ s effects as yet [3] . The hallmark of this disease is blisters all over the body, especially the hands, feet, and oral cavity characterized by a tomato-red hue and the size of a tiny tomato, giving it the moniker “ tomato fl u or tomato fever. ” Complimenting it are symptoms, such as pyrexia, exhaustion, and body pains, reminiscing about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Doctors have also noticed a loss of nails and lesions in unusual places, including the buttocks [4,5] . The incubation period of the disease is 5 – 7 days with diagnosis made by affected individuals going through molecular and serological tests for the diagnosis of the Zika virus,","PeriodicalId":306111,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery: Global Health","volume":"59 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132914813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-23DOI: 10.1097/gh9.0000000000000230
M. Al-Mamun, Nurul Islam Uzzal
{"title":"The tree of beautification! Sudden increase of heat waves and its impact on public health in Bangladesh: need early intervention","authors":"M. Al-Mamun, Nurul Islam Uzzal","doi":"10.1097/gh9.0000000000000230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/gh9.0000000000000230","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":306111,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery: Global Health","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124574547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-22DOI: 10.1097/GH9.0000000000000255
Syeda Mahrukh Fatima Zaidi, M. Siddiq, S. Qamar, S. M. Hasan, Syeda Dua e Zehra Zaidi, S. Kashif, M. Alam
Introduction and importance: Fanconi syndrome affects kidney function, whereas hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) is gonadal failure due to deficient hormones. Diagnosis involves assays and imaging, whereas treatment targets cause and fluid balance. Here, there is a reported co-occurrence in Pakistan. Case presentation: A 14-year-old girl presented with joint pain and developmental delay. Physical examination revealed wrist widening, genu-varum, and underdeveloped secondary sexual characteristics. Laboratory findings confirmed Fanconi syndrome and coincidental ultrasound findings revealed HH. The patient received treatment in the form of oral medications and supplements to manage the condition. Clinical discussion: Fanconi syndrome is a complex disorder affecting the proximal tubule of the kidneys, leading to impaired reabsorption of various substances. In this case, potential genetic and acquired causes were ruled out, including inborn errors of metabolism and heavy metal intoxication. Prolonged valproic acid use was also considered but not confirmed as the cause. The patient also presented with HH, which is unrelated but coexisting. Treatment for Fanconi syndrome focuses on correcting electrolyte imbalances, whereas hormone replacement therapy is considered for HH. The patient’s progress and response to treatment are under careful monitoring. Conclusion: This case highlights the need for further research and comprehensive diagnostic evaluation to better understand the association between Fanconi syndrome and HH, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and management to prevent long-term complications.
{"title":"The hidden diagnosis: hypogonadotropic hypogonadism unveiled in a rare Fanconi syndrome case—a case report and literature review","authors":"Syeda Mahrukh Fatima Zaidi, M. Siddiq, S. Qamar, S. M. Hasan, Syeda Dua e Zehra Zaidi, S. Kashif, M. Alam","doi":"10.1097/GH9.0000000000000255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/GH9.0000000000000255","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and importance: Fanconi syndrome affects kidney function, whereas hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) is gonadal failure due to deficient hormones. Diagnosis involves assays and imaging, whereas treatment targets cause and fluid balance. Here, there is a reported co-occurrence in Pakistan. Case presentation: A 14-year-old girl presented with joint pain and developmental delay. Physical examination revealed wrist widening, genu-varum, and underdeveloped secondary sexual characteristics. Laboratory findings confirmed Fanconi syndrome and coincidental ultrasound findings revealed HH. The patient received treatment in the form of oral medications and supplements to manage the condition. Clinical discussion: Fanconi syndrome is a complex disorder affecting the proximal tubule of the kidneys, leading to impaired reabsorption of various substances. In this case, potential genetic and acquired causes were ruled out, including inborn errors of metabolism and heavy metal intoxication. Prolonged valproic acid use was also considered but not confirmed as the cause. The patient also presented with HH, which is unrelated but coexisting. Treatment for Fanconi syndrome focuses on correcting electrolyte imbalances, whereas hormone replacement therapy is considered for HH. The patient’s progress and response to treatment are under careful monitoring. Conclusion: This case highlights the need for further research and comprehensive diagnostic evaluation to better understand the association between Fanconi syndrome and HH, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and management to prevent long-term complications.","PeriodicalId":306111,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery: Global Health","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122039004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-21DOI: 10.1097/gh9.0000000000000253
S. A. Kessy, J. R. Tibenderana
{"title":"Reimaging of health care: Tanzania’s quest and bold step towards universal health coverage deploying universal health insurance as a catalyst","authors":"S. A. Kessy, J. R. Tibenderana","doi":"10.1097/gh9.0000000000000253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/gh9.0000000000000253","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":306111,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery: Global Health","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125944258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-16DOI: 10.1097/gh9.0000000000000201
Md. Imam Hossain, Fatema Hasan Kaifa, Prosun Bhattacharya, Md. Aminul Islam
{"title":"XBB.1.16: A new ultimatum for global public health","authors":"Md. Imam Hossain, Fatema Hasan Kaifa, Prosun Bhattacharya, Md. Aminul Islam","doi":"10.1097/gh9.0000000000000201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/gh9.0000000000000201","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":306111,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery: Global Health","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128975862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-14DOI: 10.1097/gh9.0000000000000240
M. O. Oduoye, Abubakar Nazir, Aymar Akilimali, Hugues Cakwira, Martin Sagide Rogose, Chrispin Biamba, Awais Nazir, Bridget Uzoamaka Chukwudile, Alia Farooq, David Banyanga, Fabrice Kibukila, Olivier Nyakio
{"title":"The outbreak of anthrax amid COVID-19 in Kenya: understanding its surgical implications and possible solutions","authors":"M. O. Oduoye, Abubakar Nazir, Aymar Akilimali, Hugues Cakwira, Martin Sagide Rogose, Chrispin Biamba, Awais Nazir, Bridget Uzoamaka Chukwudile, Alia Farooq, David Banyanga, Fabrice Kibukila, Olivier Nyakio","doi":"10.1097/gh9.0000000000000240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/gh9.0000000000000240","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":306111,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery: Global Health","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121680539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-11DOI: 10.1097/gh9.0000000000000247
B. Asghar, Fasih Asghar, Eymaan Riaz, Z. Iqbal, Saiyeda Maha Fatima, Hareer Fatima
{"title":"The rise in autism spectrum disease: is the Pakistani population aware of the symptoms?","authors":"B. Asghar, Fasih Asghar, Eymaan Riaz, Z. Iqbal, Saiyeda Maha Fatima, Hareer Fatima","doi":"10.1097/gh9.0000000000000247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/gh9.0000000000000247","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":306111,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery: Global Health","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115420856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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