Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1097/gh9.0000000000000407
P. Satapathy, Sarvesh Rustagi, Ahmad Neyazi, M. Neyazi, A. Gaidhane, M. Khatib, Q. Zahiruddin
As the global threat of COVID-19 escalates, countries like Pakistan are still reeling from outbreaks of monkeypox virus (mpox). The first reported death due to mpox has raised concerns among locals. Mpox, which is related to smallpox, transmits through contact and respiratory droplets. Diagnosis relies on laboratory tests, and although no specific vaccine for mpox exists, the smallpox vaccine provides some protection. Pakistan’s response strategy emphasizes surveillance, increasing public awareness, and enhancing healthcare readiness, highlighting the need for a coordinated approach to control and prevent further outbreaks.
{"title":"First human death due to monkeypox virus in Pakistan: a public health concern for resource-limited non-endemic countries","authors":"P. Satapathy, Sarvesh Rustagi, Ahmad Neyazi, M. Neyazi, A. Gaidhane, M. Khatib, Q. Zahiruddin","doi":"10.1097/gh9.0000000000000407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/gh9.0000000000000407","url":null,"abstract":"As the global threat of COVID-19 escalates, countries like Pakistan are still reeling from outbreaks of monkeypox virus (mpox). The first reported death due to mpox has raised concerns among locals. Mpox, which is related to smallpox, transmits through contact and respiratory droplets. Diagnosis relies on laboratory tests, and although no specific vaccine for mpox exists, the smallpox vaccine provides some protection. Pakistan’s response strategy emphasizes surveillance, increasing public awareness, and enhancing healthcare readiness, highlighting the need for a coordinated approach to control and prevent further outbreaks.","PeriodicalId":306111,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery: Global Health","volume":"48 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140516047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1097/gh9.0000000000000371
Aliza Ahmed, Fatima Jawaid, Laiba Ayub, Kanza Farhan, Muhammad Burhan Tariq, F. A. Ahmed
{"title":"Addressing the emerging concern of tick-borne meat allergy in the U.S.: a call to action","authors":"Aliza Ahmed, Fatima Jawaid, Laiba Ayub, Kanza Farhan, Muhammad Burhan Tariq, F. A. Ahmed","doi":"10.1097/gh9.0000000000000371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/gh9.0000000000000371","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":306111,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery: Global Health","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139392162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1097/gh9.0000000000000393
Juvairia Yousuf, Sayed Jawad Hussaini, Hania-Tul Mirha, Z. Rahmat, Abdullah Malikzai
{"title":"Risk for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Pakistan","authors":"Juvairia Yousuf, Sayed Jawad Hussaini, Hania-Tul Mirha, Z. Rahmat, Abdullah Malikzai","doi":"10.1097/gh9.0000000000000393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/gh9.0000000000000393","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":306111,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery: Global Health","volume":"121 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139393662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of SKYCLARYS: a promising FDA-approved drug for Friedreich ataxia treatment","authors":"Usaid Ahmed, Laiba Afaq, Aqeel Muhammad, Rumaisa Riaz, Aymar Akilimali","doi":"10.1097/gh9.0000000000000394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/gh9.0000000000000394","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":306111,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery: Global Health","volume":"43 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139539037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1097/GH9.0000000000000400
Hareer Fatima, Hussain Sohail Rangwala, Faiza Riaz, Laiba Ali, S. R. Abbas, Shajee-Ul -Haque
Prostate cancer is a prevalent and deadly malignancy that poses challenges in diagnosis and treatment. It is the second most common cancer in men worldwide and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths. This abstract provides an overview of current treatments and recent advances in the field of prostate cancer treatment, with a focus on metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Current treatments for mCRPC include chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, and bone-targeting therapy. Chemotherapy drugs such as docetaxel and cabazitaxel are commonly used, but their efficacy is limited. Endocrine therapy, particularly androgen-receptor signaling inhibitors like abiraterone acetate, has shown significant clinical benefits. Bone-targeting therapies such as bisphosphonates and denosumab provide symptomatic relief for bone metastases. Recent advances in novel treatments have shown promise in improving outcomes for patients with mCRPC. Trials investigating the PARP inhibitor rucaparib have demonstrated longer progression-free survival, particularly in patients with BRCA mutations. The combination of talazoparib and enzalutamide has also shown improved progression-free survival and delayed the need for chemotherapy. Another promising treatment is darolutamide, which has been shown to reduce the risk of metastasis or death and extend metastasis-free survival. Immunotherapy, particularly sipuleucel-T and PROSTVAC, has shown potential in reducing mortality risk and increasing overall survival (OS) in mCRPC patients. The combination of sipuleucel-T with abiraterone acetate or enzalutamide has been found to be effective and safe. The introduction of lutetium Lu 177 vipivotide tetraxetan, a PSMA-targeted therapy, has shown improved OS in PSMA-positive mCRPC patients. Radium-223, a radioactive drug targeting bone metastasis, has also demonstrated improved OS and delayed skeletal-related events. These recent advances in prostate cancer treatment offer hope for improved outcomes for patients with mCRPC. Further research and clinical trials are needed to validate these findings and explore additional treatment options.
{"title":"Castration resistant prostate cancer: recent advances in novel therapeutic treatments","authors":"Hareer Fatima, Hussain Sohail Rangwala, Faiza Riaz, Laiba Ali, S. R. Abbas, Shajee-Ul -Haque","doi":"10.1097/GH9.0000000000000400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/GH9.0000000000000400","url":null,"abstract":"Prostate cancer is a prevalent and deadly malignancy that poses challenges in diagnosis and treatment. It is the second most common cancer in men worldwide and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths. This abstract provides an overview of current treatments and recent advances in the field of prostate cancer treatment, with a focus on metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Current treatments for mCRPC include chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, and bone-targeting therapy. Chemotherapy drugs such as docetaxel and cabazitaxel are commonly used, but their efficacy is limited. Endocrine therapy, particularly androgen-receptor signaling inhibitors like abiraterone acetate, has shown significant clinical benefits. Bone-targeting therapies such as bisphosphonates and denosumab provide symptomatic relief for bone metastases. Recent advances in novel treatments have shown promise in improving outcomes for patients with mCRPC. Trials investigating the PARP inhibitor rucaparib have demonstrated longer progression-free survival, particularly in patients with BRCA mutations. The combination of talazoparib and enzalutamide has also shown improved progression-free survival and delayed the need for chemotherapy. Another promising treatment is darolutamide, which has been shown to reduce the risk of metastasis or death and extend metastasis-free survival. Immunotherapy, particularly sipuleucel-T and PROSTVAC, has shown potential in reducing mortality risk and increasing overall survival (OS) in mCRPC patients. The combination of sipuleucel-T with abiraterone acetate or enzalutamide has been found to be effective and safe. The introduction of lutetium Lu 177 vipivotide tetraxetan, a PSMA-targeted therapy, has shown improved OS in PSMA-positive mCRPC patients. Radium-223, a radioactive drug targeting bone metastasis, has also demonstrated improved OS and delayed skeletal-related events. These recent advances in prostate cancer treatment offer hope for improved outcomes for patients with mCRPC. Further research and clinical trials are needed to validate these findings and explore additional treatment options.","PeriodicalId":306111,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery: Global Health","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139395602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1097/GH9.0000000000000396
M. Muzzamil, Farwa Fatima, Sidra Irfan, N. Tahira, Abdullah Malikzai
Objective: In this study, we examine the issue in the context of Pakistan’s current economic situation, which is leading to a scarcity of essential goods like the raw materials used to create pharmaceuticals that save lives. Finding the problem’s root causes, consequences, and potential countermeasures. Methods: It is crucial to shed light on the efforts and challenges surrounding this topic to build and implement solutions based on research and accurately reflect the health industry’s current situation in light of Pakistan’s economic crisis. This brief summary follows standard procedures used in research papers, and we conducted extensive literature searches using PubMed, Google Scholar, Journals Online, and the Internet Library. Results: ‘Drug scarcity in Pakistan’ yielded anticipated results. Pakistan’s population is growing rapidly, and so is its demand for and consumption of commodities. The economic collapse damaged foreign money and letters of credit, restricting the raw supplies of pharmaceutical materials from standing at port. These holdups are hindering the pharmaceutical industry from meeting patient demand for key drugs, which has a negative impact on the healthcare system as a whole. Conclusion: The pharmaceutical business was already struggling to keep up with demand before the current economic crisis. To avert life-threatening medicine shortages, policymakers must improve the supply chain, incentivize manufacturers to use effective quality control measures, and boost production. Medical personnel must be well-informed and trained to lessen health risks on the front lines.
{"title":"Pakistan fears a shortage of life-saving drugs in the wake of the ‘worst economic crisis’","authors":"M. Muzzamil, Farwa Fatima, Sidra Irfan, N. Tahira, Abdullah Malikzai","doi":"10.1097/GH9.0000000000000396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/GH9.0000000000000396","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: In this study, we examine the issue in the context of Pakistan’s current economic situation, which is leading to a scarcity of essential goods like the raw materials used to create pharmaceuticals that save lives. Finding the problem’s root causes, consequences, and potential countermeasures. Methods: It is crucial to shed light on the efforts and challenges surrounding this topic to build and implement solutions based on research and accurately reflect the health industry’s current situation in light of Pakistan’s economic crisis. This brief summary follows standard procedures used in research papers, and we conducted extensive literature searches using PubMed, Google Scholar, Journals Online, and the Internet Library. Results: ‘Drug scarcity in Pakistan’ yielded anticipated results. Pakistan’s population is growing rapidly, and so is its demand for and consumption of commodities. The economic collapse damaged foreign money and letters of credit, restricting the raw supplies of pharmaceutical materials from standing at port. These holdups are hindering the pharmaceutical industry from meeting patient demand for key drugs, which has a negative impact on the healthcare system as a whole. Conclusion: The pharmaceutical business was already struggling to keep up with demand before the current economic crisis. To avert life-threatening medicine shortages, policymakers must improve the supply chain, incentivize manufacturers to use effective quality control measures, and boost production. Medical personnel must be well-informed and trained to lessen health risks on the front lines.","PeriodicalId":306111,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery: Global Health","volume":"43 S204","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139393865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1097/gh9.0000000000000404
I. K. Paul, S. B. Sospeter, Majani M Edward, Deusdendith B. Bulimbe, Julieth Benjamin, Goodluck Nchasi
{"title":"Population growth and the rise in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) cases in Tanzania","authors":"I. K. Paul, S. B. Sospeter, Majani M Edward, Deusdendith B. Bulimbe, Julieth Benjamin, Goodluck Nchasi","doi":"10.1097/gh9.0000000000000404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/gh9.0000000000000404","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":306111,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery: Global Health","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140525487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1097/gh9.0000000000000402
Arbaz Zaman, Muhammad Usman, S. A. Rauf, H. H. Shah, Tirth Dave
{"title":"Vitamin B12 deficiency linked to metformin usage in Pakistan","authors":"Arbaz Zaman, Muhammad Usman, S. A. Rauf, H. H. Shah, Tirth Dave","doi":"10.1097/gh9.0000000000000402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/gh9.0000000000000402","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":306111,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery: Global Health","volume":"5 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140522370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1097/GH9.0000000000000395
Z. Mughal, T. K. Fadlalla Ahmad, Abdul Haseeb, Muhammad Ashir Shafique, Ola Elhadi Abbas Ahmdon, Abdulhadi Mohamed Ahmed Mahgoub
Two-thirds of all pediatric malignant central nervous tumors, including high-grade (glioblastoma, anaplastic astrocytoma) and low-grade (ganglioglioma, pilocytic astrocytoma) carcinomas, are gliomas. Low-grade glioma (LGG) exhibits genetic alterations caused by the BRAF kinase mutation, such as replacing glutamic acid (E) in place of valine (V) at the 600 positions, known as the V600E point mutation. Pediatric low-grade gliomas (PLGGs) also comprise around one-third of juvenile brain tumors and are the most frequent central nervous system tumors. Patients were randomized 2:1 to dabrafenib plus trametinib (D+T) or carboplatin plus vincristine (C+V). Where possible, complete surgical removal is the mainstay of treatment for progressing or symptomatic PLGG. Radiation therapy has historically been used to treat PLGG in both up-front and salvage scenarios. To delay or avoid the necessity for radiation therapy in young children with advancing or incompletely resected PLGG, chemotherapy was created in 1980. On 16 March 2023, the Food and Drug Administration approved the use of trametinib (Mekinist, Novartis) with dabrafenib (Tafinlar, Novartis) in pediatric patients suffering from LGG who require systemic therapy and are at least one year old. Nevertheless, early-stage clinical trials have produced encouraging results that may revolutionize the treatment of LGG in the near future.
{"title":"Dabrafenib and trametinib as a promising treatment option for pediatric population with low-grade gliomas that have BRAF V600E mutation; a breakthrough in the field of neuro-oncology","authors":"Z. Mughal, T. K. Fadlalla Ahmad, Abdul Haseeb, Muhammad Ashir Shafique, Ola Elhadi Abbas Ahmdon, Abdulhadi Mohamed Ahmed Mahgoub","doi":"10.1097/GH9.0000000000000395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/GH9.0000000000000395","url":null,"abstract":"Two-thirds of all pediatric malignant central nervous tumors, including high-grade (glioblastoma, anaplastic astrocytoma) and low-grade (ganglioglioma, pilocytic astrocytoma) carcinomas, are gliomas. Low-grade glioma (LGG) exhibits genetic alterations caused by the BRAF kinase mutation, such as replacing glutamic acid (E) in place of valine (V) at the 600 positions, known as the V600E point mutation. Pediatric low-grade gliomas (PLGGs) also comprise around one-third of juvenile brain tumors and are the most frequent central nervous system tumors. Patients were randomized 2:1 to dabrafenib plus trametinib (D+T) or carboplatin plus vincristine (C+V). Where possible, complete surgical removal is the mainstay of treatment for progressing or symptomatic PLGG. Radiation therapy has historically been used to treat PLGG in both up-front and salvage scenarios. To delay or avoid the necessity for radiation therapy in young children with advancing or incompletely resected PLGG, chemotherapy was created in 1980. On 16 March 2023, the Food and Drug Administration approved the use of trametinib (Mekinist, Novartis) with dabrafenib (Tafinlar, Novartis) in pediatric patients suffering from LGG who require systemic therapy and are at least one year old. Nevertheless, early-stage clinical trials have produced encouraging results that may revolutionize the treatment of LGG in the near future.","PeriodicalId":306111,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery: Global Health","volume":"18 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139394642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.1097/gh9.0000000000000376
Nathan Mugenyi, M. O. Oduoye, Aymar Akilimali
{"title":"Supporting health systems in Uganda: a call for action","authors":"Nathan Mugenyi, M. O. Oduoye, Aymar Akilimali","doi":"10.1097/gh9.0000000000000376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/gh9.0000000000000376","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":306111,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery: Global Health","volume":"88 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138999506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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