Purpose: The aim of the study is to examine the effects of agriculture on environment. Methodology: This study adopted a desktop methodology. This study used secondary data from which include review of existing literature from already published studies and reports that was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study found that human involvement in agriculture has a negative impact on the physical environment leading to issues like soil erosion, loss of land cover, water pollution and air pollution. These activities include building residential structures, building public infrastructure, and engaging in agriculture. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The conservation model and diffusion model served as the study's pillars. This study suggests that project managers for agricultural development make sure that environmental concerns are addressed as a project gains momentum through implementation and that the Environment Impact Assessment process takes into account environmental issues raised when a project or plan is first discussed.
{"title":"Effects of Agriculture on the Environment","authors":"Shelmith Waithaka","doi":"10.47604/ija.1933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ija.1933","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The aim of the study is to examine the effects of agriculture on environment. \u0000Methodology: This study adopted a desktop methodology. This study used secondary data from which include review of existing literature from already published studies and reports that was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. \u0000Findings: The study found that human involvement in agriculture has a negative impact on the physical environment leading to issues like soil erosion, loss of land cover, water pollution and air pollution. These activities include building residential structures, building public infrastructure, and engaging in agriculture. \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The conservation model and diffusion model served as the study's pillars. This study suggests that project managers for agricultural development make sure that environmental concerns are addressed as a project gains momentum through implementation and that the Environment Impact Assessment process takes into account environmental issues raised when a project or plan is first discussed.","PeriodicalId":30744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture System","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87798974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: Field experiment was conducted at the Biotechnology Advanced Research Centre Farm, Garki-Abuja during 2022 cropping season to evaluate the effect of spacing on growth and grain yield of cowpea varieties. The experimental plot was ploughed and harrowed after which lining out was carried out. There were 24 plots with three replications. Each replicate consisted of 8 plots. Each treatment was in a plot size of 2.0 m x 2.0 m (4.0 m2). The alley way between replicates plots was 1.0 m and within replicates was 1.0 m. The treatments consisted of four spacing, (65 x 20 cm, 75 x 20 cm, 85 x 20 cm and 95 x 20 cm) designated as S1, S2, S3, and S4 and two cowpea varieties (TVU 14346 and TVU 14788). The treatments were 4 x 2 factorial experiment and fitted into a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), replicated three times and data were collected on plant height per plant, number of leaves per plant, number of pods, pod length, number of seeds per plant, 100 seed weight, seed weight and grain seed yield. The seeds were sourced from the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture IITA) Ibadan. Two seeds were planted at the depth of 4 cm and later thinned to one three weeks after planting. Methodology: The treatments were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using CROP STAT statistical package and significant means compared using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Findings: Results obtained revealed that the growth parameters of the plants increased as the plant aged with the highest number of leaves obtained from TVU 14788 (40.20) variety. There was significant (p≤0.05) difference in the yield performance with the highest grain yield gotten from TVU 14788 (7.42 t/ha) and the plants spaced with S1 (8.79 t/ha) gave the highest mean grain yield while the least mean value was received from S4 (3.98 t/ha). Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: From this study, it could be stated that for optimum yield performance TVU 14788 and S1 thrived better than other treatments evaluated and could be recommended for farmers within this ecological zone.
{"title":"Effect of Spacing on Growth and Grain Yield of Cowpea Varieties (Vigna Unguiculata) in Guinea Savanna Zone, Nigeria","authors":"T. N, Kyuka C., B. A., M. S, B. G., A. I.","doi":"10.47604/ija.1909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ija.1909","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Field experiment was conducted at the Biotechnology Advanced Research Centre Farm, Garki-Abuja during 2022 cropping season to evaluate the effect of spacing on growth and grain yield of cowpea varieties. The experimental plot was ploughed and harrowed after which lining out was carried out. There were 24 plots with three replications. Each replicate consisted of 8 plots. Each treatment was in a plot size of 2.0 m x 2.0 m (4.0 m2). The alley way between replicates plots was 1.0 m and within replicates was 1.0 m. The treatments consisted of four spacing, (65 x 20 cm, 75 x 20 cm, 85 x 20 cm and 95 x 20 cm) designated as S1, S2, S3, and S4 and two cowpea varieties (TVU 14346 and TVU 14788). The treatments were 4 x 2 factorial experiment and fitted into a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), replicated three times and data were collected on plant height per plant, number of leaves per plant, number of pods, pod length, number of seeds per plant, 100 seed weight, seed weight and grain seed yield. The seeds were sourced from the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture IITA) Ibadan. Two seeds were planted at the depth of 4 cm and later thinned to one three weeks after planting. \u0000Methodology: The treatments were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using CROP STAT statistical package and significant means compared using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). \u0000Findings: Results obtained revealed that the growth parameters of the plants increased as the plant aged with the highest number of leaves obtained from TVU 14788 (40.20) variety. There was significant (p≤0.05) difference in the yield performance with the highest grain yield gotten from TVU 14788 (7.42 t/ha) and the plants spaced with S1 (8.79 t/ha) gave the highest mean grain yield while the least mean value was received from S4 (3.98 t/ha). \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: From this study, it could be stated that for optimum yield performance TVU 14788 and S1 thrived better than other treatments evaluated and could be recommended for farmers within this ecological zone. ","PeriodicalId":30744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture System","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85364183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.20956/ijas.v10i2.3682
Tajamul Hussain Sheikh, R. Ahmed, A. Purohit
The vast area of paddy crop in Anantnag district (Jammu and Kashmir) has been converted for the construction of houses, roads and especially for horticultural purposes. The cultivation of paddy has been an old cultural heritage of Anantnag district as well as for the Kashmir valley as a whole, while the farmers are increasingly finding it less profitable in recent times. The present study used both primary (Survey) and secondary data from different sources with an aim to highlight the issue of diversifying of food crops (Paddy) towards cash crops (Apple) in district Anantnag. The findings from the study reveal that 6908 hectares of agricultural cropped area is shifted towards the horticultural cropped area, as agricultural crops (paddy) have low comparative advantage over horticultural (Apple). Paddy land under surveyed farmers has registered a significant decrease from 330 canals (83.75%) in 2000-01 to 158 canals (40.11%) in 2014-15, therefore showing an absolute change of -172 canals. The primary survey further reveals that 09 (30%) of the respondents says less profit is the main reason behind the shift, followed by irrigation (drought) problems 07 (23.34%) and 14 (46.66%) respondents says both reasons are responsible behind shift of Paddy to Apple cultivation in the region.
{"title":"Shifting of Agriculture to Horticulture in Anantnag District: A Geographical Analysis","authors":"Tajamul Hussain Sheikh, R. Ahmed, A. Purohit","doi":"10.20956/ijas.v10i2.3682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20956/ijas.v10i2.3682","url":null,"abstract":"The vast area of paddy crop in Anantnag district (Jammu and Kashmir) has been converted for the construction of houses, roads and especially for horticultural purposes. The cultivation of paddy has been an old cultural heritage of Anantnag district as well as for the Kashmir valley as a whole, while the farmers are increasingly finding it less profitable in recent times. The present study used both primary (Survey) and secondary data from different sources with an aim to highlight the issue of diversifying of food crops (Paddy) towards cash crops (Apple) in district Anantnag. The findings from the study reveal that 6908 hectares of agricultural cropped area is shifted towards the horticultural cropped area, as agricultural crops (paddy) have low comparative advantage over horticultural (Apple). Paddy land under surveyed farmers has registered a significant decrease from 330 canals (83.75%) in 2000-01 to 158 canals (40.11%) in 2014-15, therefore showing an absolute change of -172 canals. The primary survey further reveals that 09 (30%) of the respondents says less profit is the main reason behind the shift, followed by irrigation (drought) problems 07 (23.34%) and 14 (46.66%) respondents says both reasons are responsible behind shift of Paddy to Apple cultivation in the region.","PeriodicalId":30744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture System","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45584570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.20956/ijas.v10i2.3062
S. Bhattarai, Bikram Nepali, M. Bhatta, A. R. Devkota, J. Shrestha
Red ant (Dorylus orientalis Westwood) is the most destructive insect pest of potato tubers in the field in Nepal. A field experiment was conducted at Bhatkada, Dadeldhura district, Nepal in 2020 to determine the efficacy of various biopesticides and chemical insecticide on red ants. The plot size in this experiment was 106.7 m2. Five treatments viz. Chlorpyriphos 20% EC (2 mL L-1 water), Banmaara (2 kg plot-1), Cow urine (2 L 6 L-1water plot-1), Agave (25 g tuber-1) and Control (no treatment) were evaluated in randomized complete block design with four replications. The data on plant height and the number of leaves were taken at 45, 60, and 75 days after planting (DAP). The data on slightly and severely infested tubers were taken after harvesting of potato. The results showed that Chlorpyriphos treated plots gave the lowest values of traits viz numbers of slightly infested tuber (91,500 ha-1), severely infested tubers (12,500 ha-1), weights of slight infested tubers (7,700 kg ha-1) and severely infested tuber (1,130 kg ha-1). Among the botanical pesticides, Agave treated plots provided the second lowest values of numbers of slightly infested tuber (145,500 ha-1), severely infested tubers (37,400 ha-1), weights of slight infested tubers (13,400 kg ha-1) and severely infested tuber (3,110 kg ha-1). The results showed that the Agave treatment provided the highest marketable yield (50,900 kg ha-1). Thus, Chlorpyriphos and Agave could be used to efficiently protect potato tubers from red ant in potato field.
红蚁（Dorylus orientalis Westwood）是尼泊尔马铃薯块茎最具破坏性的害虫。2020年，在尼泊尔Dadeldhura区的Bhatkada进行了一项实地实验，以确定各种生物杀虫剂和化学杀虫剂对红蚁的疗效。该实验中的地块面积为106.7m2。采用随机完全区组设计评估了五种处理方法，即20%氯吡磷EC（2 mL L-1水）、Banmaara（2 kg地块-1）、牛尿（2 L 6 L-1水地块-1），龙舌兰（25 g块茎-1）和对照（无处理），共四次重复。在种植（DAP）后45、60和75天采集植物高度和叶片数量的数据。轻微和严重感染块茎的数据是在收获马铃薯后采集的。结果表明，毒死蜱处理的地块的性状值最低，即轻度受害块茎数（91500 ha-1）、重度受害块茎量（12500 ha-1），轻度受害块茎重（7700 kg ha-1）和重度受害块茎重量（1130 kg ha-）。在植物杀虫剂中，龙舌兰处理的地块的轻度受害块茎数量（145500 ha-1）、重度受害块茎数量为37400 ha-1、轻度受害块茎重量（13400 kg ha-1）和重度受害块茎重量为3110 kg ha-1，均为第二低值。结果表明，龙舌兰处理提供了最高的市场产量（50900kgha-1）。因此，在马铃薯田间应用氯吡磷和龙舌兰可以有效地保护马铃薯块茎免受红蚁侵害。
{"title":"Efficacy of Various Biopesticides against Red Ant (Dorylus orientalis Westwood) in Potato Field","authors":"S. Bhattarai, Bikram Nepali, M. Bhatta, A. R. Devkota, J. Shrestha","doi":"10.20956/ijas.v10i2.3062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20956/ijas.v10i2.3062","url":null,"abstract":"Red ant (Dorylus orientalis Westwood) is the most destructive insect pest of potato tubers in the field in Nepal. A field experiment was conducted at Bhatkada, Dadeldhura district, Nepal in 2020 to determine the efficacy of various biopesticides and chemical insecticide on red ants. The plot size in this experiment was 106.7 m2. Five treatments viz. Chlorpyriphos 20% EC (2 mL L-1 water), Banmaara (2 kg plot-1), Cow urine (2 L 6 L-1water plot-1), Agave (25 g tuber-1) and Control (no treatment) were evaluated in randomized complete block design with four replications. The data on plant height and the number of leaves were taken at 45, 60, and 75 days after planting (DAP). The data on slightly and severely infested tubers were taken after harvesting of potato. The results showed that Chlorpyriphos treated plots gave the lowest values of traits viz numbers of slightly infested tuber (91,500 ha-1), severely infested tubers (12,500 ha-1), weights of slight infested tubers (7,700 kg ha-1) and severely infested tuber (1,130 kg ha-1). Among the botanical pesticides, Agave treated plots provided the second lowest values of numbers of slightly infested tuber (145,500 ha-1), severely infested tubers (37,400 ha-1), weights of slight infested tubers (13,400 kg ha-1) and severely infested tuber (3,110 kg ha-1). The results showed that the Agave treatment provided the highest marketable yield (50,900 kg ha-1). Thus, Chlorpyriphos and Agave could be used to efficiently protect potato tubers from red ant in potato field.","PeriodicalId":30744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture System","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45984151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.20956/ijas.v10i2.3966
Gemilang Rahmadara, N. F. Hanifah, R. Rismayanti, D. Purwoko, Andi Rochandi, T. Tajuddin
The content of polysaccharides, polyphenols, proteins, and RNA compounds is the main problem often found in Plants DNA isolation, which inhibit the process of DNA isolation. Comparing the methods of plant DNA isolation is necessary for obtaining the DNA with good quality, purity, high concentration and efficiency time and cost. This study aimed to determine the best DNA isolation method that derived from leaves of a potential anti-cancer Rodent Tuber (Typhonium flagelliforme) plant by comparing the conventional DNA isolation method (cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide/CTAB) and 2 commercial kits (Promega Wizard™ Genomic DNA Purification Kits, and Geneaid Genomic Mini Kit). The results showed that the CTAB method yielded a higher amount of DNA (>100 ng/µL) at the cost of 0.49 USD per sample, in comparison with Promega method (69.19 to 157.68 ng/µL) at 3.28 USD per sample and Geneaid method (8.15 to 18.52 ng/µL) at 2.06 USD per sample. Based on the purity of isolated DNA (A260/280), CTAB method produced relatively similar DNA quality to Promega kit (1.8-2.0). On the other hand, Geneaid method resulted in a lower purity value at 1.15 to 1.60.
{"title":"Comparison of DNA Isolation Methods that Derived from Leaves of a Potential Anti-Cancer Rodent Tuber (Typhonium flagelliforme) Plant","authors":"Gemilang Rahmadara, N. F. Hanifah, R. Rismayanti, D. Purwoko, Andi Rochandi, T. Tajuddin","doi":"10.20956/ijas.v10i2.3966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20956/ijas.v10i2.3966","url":null,"abstract":"The content of polysaccharides, polyphenols, proteins, and RNA compounds is the main problem often found in Plants DNA isolation, which inhibit the process of DNA isolation. Comparing the methods of plant DNA isolation is necessary for obtaining the DNA with good quality, purity, high concentration and efficiency time and cost. This study aimed to determine the best DNA isolation method that derived from leaves of a potential anti-cancer Rodent Tuber (Typhonium flagelliforme) plant by comparing the conventional DNA isolation method (cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide/CTAB) and 2 commercial kits (Promega Wizard™ Genomic DNA Purification Kits, and Geneaid Genomic Mini Kit). The results showed that the CTAB method yielded a higher amount of DNA (>100 ng/µL) at the cost of 0.49 USD per sample, in comparison with Promega method (69.19 to 157.68 ng/µL) at 3.28 USD per sample and Geneaid method (8.15 to 18.52 ng/µL) at 2.06 USD per sample. Based on the purity of isolated DNA (A260/280), CTAB method produced relatively similar DNA quality to Promega kit (1.8-2.0). On the other hand, Geneaid method resulted in a lower purity value at 1.15 to 1.60.","PeriodicalId":30744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture System","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49652354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-17DOI: 10.20956/ijas.v10i2.4101
S. Sirajuddin, H. Hastang, A. Abdullah, V. S. Lestari
The Cattle Livestock Business Insurance Program aims to provide protection for cattle from the risk of death and loss of cattle. This study aimed to determine the level of satisfaction of farmers with cattle business insurance in Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi Province. This research was conducted in May 2022. The population is all cattle farmers who follow cattle business insurance in Gowa Regency. The sample is farmers who follow cattle business insurance in Pattalassang sub-district, Gowa Regency amounted 45 people. The research method used was the interview method and FGD (Focus Group of Discussion). The type of data used is qualitative data, namely data in the form of words and quantitative data in the form of numbers or numbers Analysis of the data used with the CSI model. The results show that farmers feel much helped by the existence of AUTS which can minimize the risk of failure in the cattle business, namely the death of the cattle they receive, so that at least it can relieve and not be confused in looking for business capital again. It can also motivate and eliminate the worries of farmers to increase the scale of their business. Farmer satisfaction with AUTS is in the excellent category, which means very satisfied and in accordance with the expectations of farmers, both in terms of service characteristics, personal relationships, service arrangements and customer strength.
{"title":"Farmer Satisfaction Level with Cattle Business Insurance: A Case in South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia","authors":"S. Sirajuddin, H. Hastang, A. Abdullah, V. S. Lestari","doi":"10.20956/ijas.v10i2.4101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20956/ijas.v10i2.4101","url":null,"abstract":"The Cattle Livestock Business Insurance Program aims to provide protection for cattle from the risk of death and loss of cattle. This study aimed to determine the level of satisfaction of farmers with cattle business insurance in Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi Province. This research was conducted in May 2022. The population is all cattle farmers who follow cattle business insurance in Gowa Regency. The sample is farmers who follow cattle business insurance in Pattalassang sub-district, Gowa Regency amounted 45 people. The research method used was the interview method and FGD (Focus Group of Discussion). The type of data used is qualitative data, namely data in the form of words and quantitative data in the form of numbers or numbers Analysis of the data used with the CSI model. The results show that farmers feel much helped by the existence of AUTS which can minimize the risk of failure in the cattle business, namely the death of the cattle they receive, so that at least it can relieve and not be confused in looking for business capital again. It can also motivate and eliminate the worries of farmers to increase the scale of their business. Farmer satisfaction with AUTS is in the excellent category, which means very satisfied and in accordance with the expectations of farmers, both in terms of service characteristics, personal relationships, service arrangements and customer strength.","PeriodicalId":30744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture System","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43419368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-17DOI: 10.20956/ijas.v10i2.3818
M. Khanaum, M. Borhan
Soil profiles are generally heterogeneous and consist of various horizontal layers due to geological processes, the formation of crusts, or other artificial or man-made activities. To quantify infiltration into these heterogeneous soil profiles, the Modified Green-Ampt Model (MGAM) is a physically-based hydrologic model that can efficiently perform under both steady and unsteady rainfall events. Based on the secondary data, this study sought to determine the effect of changing soil layers (soil textures) on infiltration rates and cumulative infiltrations in in both laboratory and field settings. Different scenarios were analyzed by rearranging soil layers and evaluating their impacts on corresponding infiltration rates and cumulative infiltrations. Simulations were run with HYDROL-INF software environment using MGAM. Three scenarios were considered for a laboratory experiment with two different types of soil texture coupled with five different soil profiles. Similarly, four scenarios were considered for the field experiments with five different types of soil texture couple with eight different soil profiles. The simulated infiltration rates and cumulative infiltrations were found to vary with soil layer change scenarios. The simulated cumulative infiltrations, ponding times, infiltrating rates at ponding, and total depth of wetting front at ponding of a five-layered laboratory soil column were identical for the three scenarios. Simulated cumulative infiltrations were 33.16, 23.65, 21.29, and 42.77 cm, respectively, for scenarios (combinations) 1, 2, 3, and 4 in the eight-layered soil profile in the field scenarios. Infiltration rates among scenarios at ponding were identical (0.46 to 0.53 cm/h) with field scenario data.
{"title":"Influence of Soil Layers on the Infiltration Rates and Cumulative Infiltration Using Modified Green Ampt Model in the HYDROL-INF Simulation Environment","authors":"M. Khanaum, M. Borhan","doi":"10.20956/ijas.v10i2.3818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20956/ijas.v10i2.3818","url":null,"abstract":"Soil profiles are generally heterogeneous and consist of various horizontal layers due to geological processes, the formation of crusts, or other artificial or man-made activities. To quantify infiltration into these heterogeneous soil profiles, the Modified Green-Ampt Model (MGAM) is a physically-based hydrologic model that can efficiently perform under both steady and unsteady rainfall events. Based on the secondary data, this study sought to determine the effect of changing soil layers (soil textures) on infiltration rates and cumulative infiltrations in in both laboratory and field settings. Different scenarios were analyzed by rearranging soil layers and evaluating their impacts on corresponding infiltration rates and cumulative infiltrations. Simulations were run with HYDROL-INF software environment using MGAM. Three scenarios were considered for a laboratory experiment with two different types of soil texture coupled with five different soil profiles. Similarly, four scenarios were considered for the field experiments with five different types of soil texture couple with eight different soil profiles. The simulated infiltration rates and cumulative infiltrations were found to vary with soil layer change scenarios. The simulated cumulative infiltrations, ponding times, infiltrating rates at ponding, and total depth of wetting front at ponding of a five-layered laboratory soil column were identical for the three scenarios. Simulated cumulative infiltrations were 33.16, 23.65, 21.29, and 42.77 cm, respectively, for scenarios (combinations) 1, 2, 3, and 4 in the eight-layered soil profile in the field scenarios. Infiltration rates among scenarios at ponding were identical (0.46 to 0.53 cm/h) with field scenario data.","PeriodicalId":30744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture System","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43931362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine pesticide contamination in bee products in Singida District Municipality of Tanzania, particularly at Kijiji cha Nyuki. The specific focus of the study was to assess the levels of pesticides residues in bee products harvested from the selected bee farms, identifying the common type of pesticides that contaminate honey and honey products on the quality of selected bee products. Material and Methods: A mixed methods approach was adopted for this study and collected data both primary and secondary data was collected using physical observation and survey, interviews and questionnaires, the purposive and random sampling techniques was used in this study to select total of 104 participants who was taken as a sample from universal populations. Qualitative and quantitative data were analysed using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Computer Programme version 25, where statistics aspect was determined from the results obtained from both questionnaires and laboratory experiment to the four (4) honey sample Bee pollen One Kg, propolis 500gm, and Bee wax One Kg. Findings: The study found 252 pesticides residues ingredients in beeswax with a mean of 0.03 mg/kg. Lambda-cyhalothrin ingredient had 4.20 mg/kg of the total pesticide’s ingredient found in beeswax against 251 which represent the rest of the pesticides ingredient that were concentrated in the beeswax. In regards with the effect of lambda-cyhalothrin identified in beeswax, bee pollen and honey, the results indicate current concentrations of pesticides in beeswax, bee pollen and honey does not pose risk to human health neither to environment, this is an indication that honey produced in the Kijiji cha Nyuki is safe for consumers as there is very low concentrations of lambda-cyhalothrin in each studies area. Unique Contribution to the Theory, Practice and Policy: It was noted most of the pesticides that found in honey was agricultural pesticides therefore Theory of Planned Behaviour was relevancy in explain the relationship of individual to use pesticides to the agricultural. Therefore, study will contribute to the beekeeping programme guidelines for quality control of bee products to provide thoughtful mitigate to the amount of pesticide contamination in bee and honey products, the study could contribute to policy design and implementation to understanding of how the regulations outlining the use of insecticides is being implemented, and the current economic condition of studied farms.
目的:本研究的目的是检查坦桑尼亚辛吉达区，特别是Kijiji cha Nyuki的蜂产品中的农药污染情况。该研究的具体重点是评估从选定的蜂场收获的蜂产品中的农药残留水平，确定污染蜂蜜和蜂蜜产品的常见农药类型对选定蜂产品质量的影响。材料与方法:本研究采用混合方法，收集资料采用实地观察和调查、访谈和问卷等方法收集一手资料和二次资料，采用有目的抽样和随机抽样的方法，从普遍人群中抽取104名参与者作为样本。采用IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS)计算机程序第25版对定性和定量数据进行分析，其中统计方面是根据对四(4)种蜂蜜样品的问卷调查和实验室实验结果确定的。研究结果:在蜂蜡中发现了252种农药残留成分，平均含量为0.03 mg/kg。在蜂蜡中发现的农药总成分中，氯氟氰菊酯成分占4.20 mg/kg，而在蜂蜡中发现的农药总成分占251 mg/kg。关于在蜂蜡、蜂花粉和蜂蜜中发现的氯氰菊酯的影响，研究结果表明，蜂蜡、蜂花粉和蜂蜜中目前的农药浓度不会对人类健康和环境构成风险，这表明Kijiji cha Nyuki生产的蜂蜜对消费者是安全的，因为每个研究区域的氯氰菊酯浓度都很低。对理论、实践和政策的独特贡献:人们注意到，在蜂蜜中发现的大多数农药是农业农药，因此计划行为理论在解释个人使用农药与农业的关系方面具有相关性。因此，该研究将有助于制定养蜂业产品质量控制指南，为蜜蜂和蜂蜜产品中的农药污染提供周到的缓解措施，该研究可以有助于政策设计和实施，以了解杀虫剂使用法规的实施情况，以及所研究农场的当前经济状况。
{"title":"Determining Pesticide Residues in Bee produce and their Potential Risk to Consumers in Tanzania","authors":"K. Lucas, L. Fweja, M. Mihale","doi":"10.47604/ija.1705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ija.1705","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine pesticide contamination in bee products in Singida District Municipality of Tanzania, particularly at Kijiji cha Nyuki. The specific focus of the study was to assess the levels of pesticides residues in bee products harvested from the selected bee farms, identifying the common type of pesticides that contaminate honey and honey products on the quality of selected bee products. \u0000Material and Methods: A mixed methods approach was adopted for this study and collected data both primary and secondary data was collected using physical observation and survey, interviews and questionnaires, the purposive and random sampling techniques was used in this study to select total of 104 participants who was taken as a sample from universal populations. Qualitative and quantitative data were analysed using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Computer Programme version 25, where statistics aspect was determined from the results obtained from both questionnaires and laboratory experiment to the four (4) honey sample Bee pollen One Kg, propolis 500gm, and Bee wax One Kg. \u0000Findings: The study found 252 pesticides residues ingredients in beeswax with a mean of 0.03 mg/kg. Lambda-cyhalothrin ingredient had 4.20 mg/kg of the total pesticide’s ingredient found in beeswax against 251 which represent the rest of the pesticides ingredient that were concentrated in the beeswax. In regards with the effect of lambda-cyhalothrin identified in beeswax, bee pollen and honey, the results indicate current concentrations of pesticides in beeswax, bee pollen and honey does not pose risk to human health neither to environment, this is an indication that honey produced in the Kijiji cha Nyuki is safe for consumers as there is very low concentrations of lambda-cyhalothrin in each studies area. \u0000Unique Contribution to the Theory, Practice and Policy: It was noted most of the pesticides that found in honey was agricultural pesticides therefore Theory of Planned Behaviour was relevancy in explain the relationship of individual to use pesticides to the agricultural. Therefore, study will contribute to the beekeeping programme guidelines for quality control of bee products to provide thoughtful mitigate to the amount of pesticide contamination in bee and honey products, the study could contribute to policy design and implementation to understanding of how the regulations outlining the use of insecticides is being implemented, and the current economic condition of studied farms. \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":30744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture System","volume":"2006 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83049104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-05DOI: 10.20956/ijas.v10i1.3230
M. Sharma, Mamta Sharma, A.K. Singh, R. Salgotra, Manmohan Sharma, B. Sharma, S.K. Gupta
Doubled haploid plants are very important for the development of complete homozygous plants from heterozygous parents in one generation as they possess duplicate copy of haploid chromosome. Haploid production is easily obtained from in vitro anther culture. The present study was undertaken with the objective to develop doubled haploids using anthers for in vitro induction of callus on N6 medium supplemented with various combinations and concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) (0.5-2.5 mg/L), Kinetin (0.5-1.0 mg/L) and Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (2.0 mg/L) as callus induction medium (CIM). The highest callus induction frequency was obtained when N6 medium fortified with 2,4-D (2.5 mg/L), Kinetin (0.5 mg/L) and NAA (2 mg/L) of 10.07 per cent. The induced callus was sub cultured for shoot regeneration on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with growth regulators: Kinetin and NAA (0.5 mg/L each) in combination with BAP (0.0 - 2.5 mg/L). MS medium supplemented with NAA (0.5 mg/L), Kinetin (0.5 mg/L) and BAP (1.5 mg/L) was most responsive exhibiting regeneration frequency of 28.1 per cent which resulted in maximum regeneration of green plantlets and only 5.21 per cent of albinos. Individual plantlets were separated and immersed in liquid MS medium augmented with NAA (0.5-1.0 mg/L) and BAP (0.5-1.0 mg/L). Maximum rooting was observed in MS medium with NAA (0.5 mg/L) and BAP (1.0 mg/L). The survival rate of in-vitro raised plants was 51.51 per cent. Of these surviving plants, 21 plants were observed to have the sterility percentage above 50 percent and hence can be considered as the doubled haploid plants. Plant DH8 is susceptible and DH20 is heterozygous for gene Xa21. Two plants are susceptible for gene xa13
{"title":"In Vitro Doubled Haploid Production of Bacterial Blight Resistant Plants from BC2F1 Plants (Ranbir Basmati X Pau148) Through Anther Culture","authors":"M. Sharma, Mamta Sharma, A.K. Singh, R. Salgotra, Manmohan Sharma, B. Sharma, S.K. Gupta","doi":"10.20956/ijas.v10i1.3230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20956/ijas.v10i1.3230","url":null,"abstract":"Doubled haploid plants are very important for the development of complete homozygous plants from heterozygous parents in one generation as they possess duplicate copy of haploid chromosome. Haploid production is easily obtained from in vitro anther culture. The present study was undertaken with the objective to develop doubled haploids using anthers for in vitro induction of callus on N6 medium supplemented with various combinations and concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) (0.5-2.5 mg/L), Kinetin (0.5-1.0 mg/L) and Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (2.0 mg/L) as callus induction medium (CIM). The highest callus induction frequency was obtained when N6 medium fortified with 2,4-D (2.5 mg/L), Kinetin (0.5 mg/L) and NAA (2 mg/L) of 10.07 per cent. The induced callus was sub cultured for shoot regeneration on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with growth regulators: Kinetin and NAA (0.5 mg/L each) in combination with BAP (0.0 - 2.5 mg/L). MS medium supplemented with NAA (0.5 mg/L), Kinetin (0.5 mg/L) and BAP (1.5 mg/L) was most responsive exhibiting regeneration frequency of 28.1 per cent which resulted in maximum regeneration of green plantlets and only 5.21 per cent of albinos. Individual plantlets were separated and immersed in liquid MS medium augmented with NAA (0.5-1.0 mg/L) and BAP (0.5-1.0 mg/L). Maximum rooting was observed in MS medium with NAA (0.5 mg/L) and BAP (1.0 mg/L). The survival rate of in-vitro raised plants was 51.51 per cent. Of these surviving plants, 21 plants were observed to have the sterility percentage above 50 percent and hence can be considered as the doubled haploid plants. Plant DH8 is susceptible and DH20 is heterozygous for gene Xa21. Two plants are susceptible for gene xa13","PeriodicalId":30744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture System","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47939439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-05DOI: 10.20956/ijas.v10i1.3979
A. Yassi, A. Bahrun, H. Iswoyo, R. Padjung, F. Faisal
This study aimed to determine the effect of each component of cultivation technology application on the production of rice (Oryza Sativa L.) in South Sulawesi. This research was carried out in three rain-type sectors within South Sulawesi Province, namely Maros for the West Sector, Bone for the East Sector, and North Luwu for the Transitional sector. A study was conducted from December 2019 to January 2020 in the form of a survey (study literature, observation, and interviews), with the selection of samples carried out purposively to 90 respondents. Data analysis employed multiple linear regression with SPSS software. The results showed that the average rice production in Maros, Bone and North Luwu regencies, South Sulawesi, was still relatively low, Maros Regency was 7,032 kg per ha, Bone was 5,020 kg per ha and North Luwu was 6,497 kg per ha. The multiple regression equation for rice production in Maros, Bone and North Luwu Regencies, South Sulawesi is Y = 3354,185 -17,751X1 – 4,044X2 +36,839X3 . Factors from the aspect of cultivation technology application can increase rice production. Variables of cropping system, irrigation system, and fertilizer dose had a significant effect on rice production, while the variables of varieties and harvest time did not have a significant effect on rice production.
{"title":"Application of Cultivation Technology for Rice (Oryza sativa L. ) in Three Sectors of Rain Patterns in South Sulawesi","authors":"A. Yassi, A. Bahrun, H. Iswoyo, R. Padjung, F. Faisal","doi":"10.20956/ijas.v10i1.3979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20956/ijas.v10i1.3979","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to determine the effect of each component of cultivation technology application on the production of rice (Oryza Sativa L.) in South Sulawesi. This research was carried out in three rain-type sectors within South Sulawesi Province, namely Maros for the West Sector, Bone for the East Sector, and North Luwu for the Transitional sector. A study was conducted from December 2019 to January 2020 in the form of a survey (study literature, observation, and interviews), with the selection of samples carried out purposively to 90 respondents. Data analysis employed multiple linear regression with SPSS software. The results showed that the average rice production in Maros, Bone and North Luwu regencies, South Sulawesi, was still relatively low, Maros Regency was 7,032 kg per ha, Bone was 5,020 kg per ha and North Luwu was 6,497 kg per ha. The multiple regression equation for rice production in Maros, Bone and North Luwu Regencies, South Sulawesi is Y = 3354,185 -17,751X1 – 4,044X2 +36,839X3 . Factors from the aspect of cultivation technology application can increase rice production. Variables of cropping system, irrigation system, and fertilizer dose had a significant effect on rice production, while the variables of varieties and harvest time did not have a significant effect on rice production.","PeriodicalId":30744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture System","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48062755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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