Purpose: A greenhouse study of Soybean, Cowpea and Pigeon Pea was made at University of Ghana, to determine the effects of phosphorus availability on nodulation and nitrogen uptake by the afore mentioned legumes in two Ghanaian soils, Adenta and Nzema series. Methodology: Three P rates of 0mg, 50mg and 100mg P of TSP and TPR were applied to a kilogram of soil per pot in two soil series. The pots were arranged using Randomized Complete Block Design. GenstatR was used to do the statistical analysis. Findings: The results from this study showed that with or without Triple Super Phosphate (TSP) or Togo Phosphate Rock (TPR), soybean did not form nodules in the Nzema soil but nodulated with TSP application in the Adenta soil. The absence of nodulation even with high P from TSP by soybean in Nzema soil is surprising but the observation in the Nzema soil may be attributed to the absence of soybean Rhizobium cells or insignificant numbers of these rhizobia. The improvement in the dry matter yield of pigeon pea and cowpea on Adenta soil and soybean on the Nzema soil at TPR50 and TPR100 show the importance of P application to dry matter yield of legumes. Significant difference that was shown by cowpea on Nzema soil could be attributed to the ability of the crop to desorp P from sparingly available P sources through exudation of high amounts of organic acid anions, mainly citrate. Unique contributions to theory, practice and policy: In the soil, Rhizobium species must recognize their specific host before nodulation may take place and the absence of the appropriate Rhizobium species with the introduction of a legume into a given soil may result in no or poor nodulation. Low P availability is a challenge for crop species to nodulate since the rhizobia responsible for nitrogen fixation have a high P requirement. The toxicity of Aluminum to rhizobia may be due to inhibition of DNA replication because of binding of Aluminum to DNA. One factor that could have accounted for the better nodulation in soil is the higher acidity. The optimum pH for effective rhizobia growth in soils is between pH 6 and 7.
{"title":"EFFECTS OF PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY ON NODULATION AND NITROGEN UPTAKE BY THREE LEGUME CROPS IN TWO GHANAIAN SOILS","authors":"A. Boateng, E. Owusu-bennoah","doi":"10.47604/ija.1305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ija.1305","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: A greenhouse study of Soybean, Cowpea and Pigeon Pea was made at University of Ghana, to determine the effects of phosphorus availability on nodulation and nitrogen uptake by the afore mentioned legumes in two Ghanaian soils, Adenta and Nzema series. \u0000Methodology: Three P rates of 0mg, 50mg and 100mg P of TSP and TPR were applied to a kilogram of soil per pot in two soil series. The pots were arranged using Randomized Complete Block Design. GenstatR was used to do the statistical analysis. \u0000Findings: The results from this study showed that with or without Triple Super Phosphate (TSP) or Togo Phosphate Rock (TPR), soybean did not form nodules in the Nzema soil but nodulated with TSP application in the Adenta soil. The absence of nodulation even with high P from TSP by soybean in Nzema soil is surprising but the observation in the Nzema soil may be attributed to the absence of soybean Rhizobium cells or insignificant numbers of these rhizobia. The improvement in the dry matter yield of pigeon pea and cowpea on Adenta soil and soybean on the Nzema soil at TPR50 and TPR100 show the importance of P application to dry matter yield of legumes. Significant difference that was shown by cowpea on Nzema soil could be attributed to the ability of the crop to desorp P from sparingly available P sources through exudation of high amounts of organic acid anions, mainly citrate. \u0000Unique contributions to theory, practice and policy: In the soil, Rhizobium species must recognize their specific host before nodulation may take place and the absence of the appropriate Rhizobium species with the introduction of a legume into a given soil may result in no or poor nodulation. Low P availability is a challenge for crop species to nodulate since the rhizobia responsible for nitrogen fixation have a high P requirement. The toxicity of Aluminum to rhizobia may be due to inhibition of DNA replication because of binding of Aluminum to DNA. One factor that could have accounted for the better nodulation in soil is the higher acidity. The optimum pH for effective rhizobia growth in soils is between pH 6 and 7.","PeriodicalId":30744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture System","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82234290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pest control by using chemical pesticides continuously can harm the environment. Therefore it is necessary to look for environmentally friendly technologies, one of which is the use of entomopathogenic fungi such as Metarhizium anisopliae. The alternative media should be easy to obtain and has a good shelf life so the growth of M. anisopliae should be optimum. This research aimed to obtain alternative media that provide the best growth and development at each different shelf-life. The research method used was an experimental method using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) Factorial and it was repeated 4 times. The media factors were from PDA, bran, green beans, and maize. The shelf-life factors were at 21 and 42 days old (d-old). The diameter on maize media gave the highest diameter value of 8.57 cm at 42 d-old. Green bean media gave the best spore density results of 2.08×107. Whereas the germination capacity of the media ranged from 63.94% to 94.23%. Germination showed no significant difference at 21 and 42 d-old. Therefore, green beans and maize media were effectively used for propagation of M. anisopliae as a substitute for synthetic media.
{"title":"Viability of Entomopathogenic Fungi Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch) Sorokin in Some Alternative Media and Different Shelf-Life","authors":"L. Afifah, R. Desriana, Anik Kurniati, R. Maryana","doi":"10.20956/IJAS.V8I2.2478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20956/IJAS.V8I2.2478","url":null,"abstract":"Pest control by using chemical pesticides continuously can harm the environment. Therefore it is necessary to look for environmentally friendly technologies, one of which is the use of entomopathogenic fungi such as Metarhizium anisopliae. The alternative media should be easy to obtain and has a good shelf life so the growth of M. anisopliae should be optimum. This research aimed to obtain alternative media that provide the best growth and development at each different shelf-life. The research method used was an experimental method using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) Factorial and it was repeated 4 times. The media factors were from PDA, bran, green beans, and maize. The shelf-life factors were at 21 and 42 days old (d-old). The diameter on maize media gave the highest diameter value of 8.57 cm at 42 d-old. Green bean media gave the best spore density results of 2.08×107. Whereas the germination capacity of the media ranged from 63.94% to 94.23%. Germination showed no significant difference at 21 and 42 d-old. Therefore, green beans and maize media were effectively used for propagation of M. anisopliae as a substitute for synthetic media.","PeriodicalId":30744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture System","volume":"8 1","pages":"108-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43435216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Opeyemi Gbenga, O. H. Ibrahim, Olowogbayi Jonathan Ayodele
The Nigerian economy largely depends on agriculture which is vulnerable to unfavorable climatic conditions. Consequently, rice is a very important staple crop, widely cultivated and consume by millions of people in the country. Nigerian government policy heavily protects rice in order to stimulate it local production. There is still scanty empirical evidence on the effect of climate change on rice production in Nigeria. This study was carried out to fill this gap. This study specifically examined the effect of climate change on rice output in Nigeria. This study utilized climate data (rainfall and temperature) from Nigerian Meteorological Center, Carbon dioxide data from FAOSTAT, and information on the country’s` milled rice from USDA (1970-2016). The analytical tools employed in the data analysis were Descriptive, Trend analysis, Unit root test, Co-integration and Regression model. Findings of the study revealed that there is variation in the trend of the climatic factors and also variation in rice output over the period of study. The result also shows that that annual rainfall, and temperature contributes significantly to rice output in Nigeria. Rainfall had positive coefficient and significant 5%, temperature had negative coefficient and significant at 1%. The area of land cultivated had positive coefficient and significant at 1%. The study concluded that climate change significantly influence rice output in Nigeria. The study recommended that consideration be given to climate change in the formulation of agricultural policies for the attainment of food security and national aspiration for sustainability in the production of rice production in Nigeria.
{"title":"Analysis of the Effect of Climate Change on Rice Production in Nigeria","authors":"Opeyemi Gbenga, O. H. Ibrahim, Olowogbayi Jonathan Ayodele","doi":"10.20956/IJAS.V8I2.2476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20956/IJAS.V8I2.2476","url":null,"abstract":"The Nigerian economy largely depends on agriculture which is vulnerable to unfavorable climatic conditions. Consequently, rice is a very important staple crop, widely cultivated and consume by millions of people in the country. Nigerian government policy heavily protects rice in order to stimulate it local production. There is still scanty empirical evidence on the effect of climate change on rice production in Nigeria. This study was carried out to fill this gap. This study specifically examined the effect of climate change on rice output in Nigeria. This study utilized climate data (rainfall and temperature) from Nigerian Meteorological Center, Carbon dioxide data from FAOSTAT, and information on the country’s` milled rice from USDA (1970-2016). The analytical tools employed in the data analysis were Descriptive, Trend analysis, Unit root test, Co-integration and Regression model. Findings of the study revealed that there is variation in the trend of the climatic factors and also variation in rice output over the period of study. The result also shows that that annual rainfall, and temperature contributes significantly to rice output in Nigeria. Rainfall had positive coefficient and significant 5%, temperature had negative coefficient and significant at 1%. The area of land cultivated had positive coefficient and significant at 1%. The study concluded that climate change significantly influence rice output in Nigeria. The study recommended that consideration be given to climate change in the formulation of agricultural policies for the attainment of food security and national aspiration for sustainability in the production of rice production in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":30744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture System","volume":"8 1","pages":"119-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45780688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As one of the largest natural rubber exporters in the world, Indonesia has a potential to globally conquer the natural rubber export market. Furthermore, natural rubber gave a positive contribution to economy due to supplying foreign exchange for the country. This condition was indicated from a high Indonesian natural rubber export value to the global market. Therefore, the aim of this study was to measure the Indonesian natural rubber export competitiveness in global market. The methods in this study used Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Constant Market Share (CMS). The result showed that the Indonesian natural rubber export still had competitiveness in global market, but in a declined trend. One cause of declined Indonesian natural rubber export competitiveness in global market was due to low quality product of natural rubber. Moreover, land control was still dominated by the community plantation, therefore necessary performed a dissemination related to cultivation technological use to improve the Indonesian natural rubber productivity.
{"title":"The Indonesian Natural Rubber Export Competitiveness in Global Market","authors":"Fadhlan Zuhdi","doi":"10.20956/IJAS.V8I2.2518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20956/IJAS.V8I2.2518","url":null,"abstract":"As one of the largest natural rubber exporters in the world, Indonesia has a potential to globally conquer the natural rubber export market. Furthermore, natural rubber gave a positive contribution to economy due to supplying foreign exchange for the country. This condition was indicated from a high Indonesian natural rubber export value to the global market. Therefore, the aim of this study was to measure the Indonesian natural rubber export competitiveness in global market. The methods in this study used Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Constant Market Share (CMS). The result showed that the Indonesian natural rubber export still had competitiveness in global market, but in a declined trend. One cause of declined Indonesian natural rubber export competitiveness in global market was due to low quality product of natural rubber. Moreover, land control was still dominated by the community plantation, therefore necessary performed a dissemination related to cultivation technological use to improve the Indonesian natural rubber productivity.","PeriodicalId":30744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture System","volume":"8 1","pages":"130-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43122284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Effect of the application of individual and combination of vermicompost, NPK along with H 2 O 2 was studied on 10, 20, 30, and 40 days old seedlings of Abelmoschus esculentus. The physio chemical characters of soil with vermicompost showed better result and it has all kinds of nutrient needed for the better growth of the crop. It increases soil fertility, crop production and nutrient content of the plants. Integrated fertilizer application will boost the crop and this is the best way to obtain better results and it will decrease the pollution load on our environment. Application of H 2 O 2 also influences the germination, early plant growth and nutrient content. It act as a growth promoter, but the continuous application and accumulation leads to damages, and the disease resistance against pathogens was decreased during the reproductive stages.
{"title":"Study on the Effect of Fertilizers and Hydrogen Peroxide on Soil Property, Growth, Yield and Nutrient Content of Abelmoschus Esculentus (L.) Moench","authors":"A. Selvaananthi, Beulah Jerlin","doi":"10.20956/IJAS.V8I2.2510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20956/IJAS.V8I2.2510","url":null,"abstract":"Effect of the application of individual and combination of vermicompost, NPK along with H 2 O 2 was studied on 10, 20, 30, and 40 days old seedlings of Abelmoschus esculentus. The physio chemical characters of soil with vermicompost showed better result and it has all kinds of nutrient needed for the better growth of the crop. It increases soil fertility, crop production and nutrient content of the plants. Integrated fertilizer application will boost the crop and this is the best way to obtain better results and it will decrease the pollution load on our environment. Application of H 2 O 2 also influences the germination, early plant growth and nutrient content. It act as a growth promoter, but the continuous application and accumulation leads to damages, and the disease resistance against pathogens was decreased during the reproductive stages.","PeriodicalId":30744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture System","volume":"8 1","pages":"77-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47896364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A trial was conducted to study the physiological responses of baby corn to changes in soil fertility by application of organic and inorganic fertilizers. The research was conducted at the Teaching Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin from May to August 2020. The experiment was arranged based on a factorial randomized block design (RBD) with two factors repeated 3 times. The first factor is the dosage of green compost consisted of four levels, namely 0, 3, 4, and 5 tons ha -1 . The second factor was the percentage of NPK fertilization from the recommendations consisted of four levels, namely NPK 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25%. The results show that the treatment of 4 ton ha -1 of green compost resulted in the highest absorption rate of CO 2 (336.2 µmol CO2 mol -1 ) and the highest humidity level (68.8%). 100% NPK fertilizer treatment showed the highest CO 2 absorption rate (338.1 µmol CO2 mol -1 ), the highest leaf photosynthesis rate (36.1 µmol CO 2 m -2 s -1 ). The treatment of 5 ton ha -1 of green compost and 100% NPK fertilizer resulted in the lowest transpiration rate (0.20 liters m -2 s -1 ). The treatment of 3 ton ha -1 green compost and 100% NPK fertilizer resulted in earlier flowering age (46.3 days) and heaviest ear weight (63.67 g). The treatment of 5 ton ha -1 green compost with 50% NPK fertilizer resulted in the longest ear length with husk (21.72 cm). Treatment of 4 ton ha -1 green compost with 100% NPK fertilization resulted in the longest ear length without husk (10.52 cm).
通过施用有机和无机肥料，研究了玉米幼穗对土壤肥力变化的生理反应。这项研究于2020年5月至8月在哈萨努丁大学农业学院教学农场进行。实验基于析因随机区组设计（RBD），两个因素重复3次。第一个因素是绿色堆肥的用量由四个水平组成，即0、3、4和5吨ha-1。第二个因素是建议中NPK施肥的百分比由四个水平组成，即NPK 100%、75%、50%和25%。结果表明，4吨ha-1处理的绿色堆肥对CO2的吸收率最高（336.2µmol CO2 mol-1），湿度水平最高（68.8%）。100%NPK肥料处理的CO2吸收率最高，为338.1µmol CO2 mol-1，叶片光合作用速率最高（36.1µmol CO2 m-2 s-1）。5吨ha-1的绿色堆肥和100%NPK肥料处理的蒸腾速率最低（0.20升m-2 s-1）。3吨ha-1绿色堆肥和100%NPK肥料的处理使开花期提前（46.3天），穗重最重（63.67克）。5吨ha-1绿色堆肥与50%NPK肥料处理的穗长最长（21.72 cm）。施用100%NPK处理4吨ha-1的绿色堆肥，无壳穗长最长（10.52cm）。
{"title":"Physiological responses of growth and production of baby corn (Zea mays Saccharata L.) due to application of agricultural waste based compost and NPK fertilizer","authors":"Syamsir Pante Sukun, A. Yassi, I. R. Saleh","doi":"10.20956/IJAS.V8I2.2599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20956/IJAS.V8I2.2599","url":null,"abstract":"A trial was conducted to study the physiological responses of baby corn to changes in soil fertility by application of organic and inorganic fertilizers. The research was conducted at the Teaching Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin from May to August 2020. The experiment was arranged based on a factorial randomized block design (RBD) with two factors repeated 3 times. The first factor is the dosage of green compost consisted of four levels, namely 0, 3, 4, and 5 tons ha -1 . The second factor was the percentage of NPK fertilization from the recommendations consisted of four levels, namely NPK 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25%. The results show that the treatment of 4 ton ha -1 of green compost resulted in the highest absorption rate of CO 2 (336.2 µmol CO2 mol -1 ) and the highest humidity level (68.8%). 100% NPK fertilizer treatment showed the highest CO 2 absorption rate (338.1 µmol CO2 mol -1 ), the highest leaf photosynthesis rate (36.1 µmol CO 2 m -2 s -1 ). The treatment of 5 ton ha -1 of green compost and 100% NPK fertilizer resulted in the lowest transpiration rate (0.20 liters m -2 s -1 ). The treatment of 3 ton ha -1 green compost and 100% NPK fertilizer resulted in earlier flowering age (46.3 days) and heaviest ear weight (63.67 g). The treatment of 5 ton ha -1 green compost with 50% NPK fertilizer resulted in the longest ear length with husk (21.72 cm). Treatment of 4 ton ha -1 green compost with 100% NPK fertilization resulted in the longest ear length without husk (10.52 cm).","PeriodicalId":30744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture System","volume":"8 1","pages":"97-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41661913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The taxonomic study of a plant is an important aspect of plant research, as it allows the most complete view of the natural habitat of any plant species. The main purpose of the present work is to provide a detail investigation of the Passiflora edulis var. flavicarpa Deg. carried out from the month of April, 2020, growing in the area of Nakachari , Jorhat District, Assam, India. A complete workout on the different parts of the plant belongs to the family Passifloraceae is done to understand the significance of these features in systematic . Paper also reflects the various phytochemical constituents present in the Passiflora fruit also commonly known as Passion fruit which is utilized in pharmacology and by other ways in different ethnic groups of North Eastern India as a vital source of medicinal treatment. The findings clearly express that Passiflora species exhibits all advanced morphological characteristics of present day Angiospermae land plants and also reported that tendrils perform the role of physical support. Towards the end the study it is also concludes with the beneficial outputs of Passiflora edulis from the agronomical point of view that can be easily achievable if the input through cultivation would be uniform as well as dynamic. Based on the various literature surveys, it was found that such detail taxonomic works on the species were not studied and recorded from the study area earlier. Such comprehensive work on Passiflora edulis var. flavicarpa provides an empirical basis for the identification of the species.
{"title":"Taxonomic Notes on Passiflora edulis var. flavicarpa Deg.","authors":"Bidyut Phukon, C. Bordoloi","doi":"10.20956/IJAS.V8I2.2475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20956/IJAS.V8I2.2475","url":null,"abstract":"The taxonomic study of a plant is an important aspect of plant research, as it allows the most complete view of the natural habitat of any plant species. The main purpose of the present work is to provide a detail investigation of the Passiflora edulis var. flavicarpa Deg. carried out from the month of April, 2020, growing in the area of Nakachari , Jorhat District, Assam, India. A complete workout on the different parts of the plant belongs to the family Passifloraceae is done to understand the significance of these features in systematic . Paper also reflects the various phytochemical constituents present in the Passiflora fruit also commonly known as Passion fruit which is utilized in pharmacology and by other ways in different ethnic groups of North Eastern India as a vital source of medicinal treatment. The findings clearly express that Passiflora species exhibits all advanced morphological characteristics of present day Angiospermae land plants and also reported that tendrils perform the role of physical support. Towards the end the study it is also concludes with the beneficial outputs of Passiflora edulis from the agronomical point of view that can be easily achievable if the input through cultivation would be uniform as well as dynamic. Based on the various literature surveys, it was found that such detail taxonomic works on the species were not studied and recorded from the study area earlier. Such comprehensive work on Passiflora edulis var. flavicarpa provides an empirical basis for the identification of the species.","PeriodicalId":30744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture System","volume":"8 1","pages":"85-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43771515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Genetically modified (GM) plants can be created by adding specific DNA sequences obtained from the same plant species or different species. Which aims to achieve higher yields, disease and pest resistance, herbicide tolerance, production of antibodies, and other pharmaceutical molecules by manipulating gene expression to alter the protein properties. Insect resistant plants reduce the damage caused by pests and diseases. Herbicide glyphosate or glufosinate-tolerant GM plants gave promising results in combating weed. The properties of plants such as metal uptake, transport, accumulation, and detoxification of organic pollutants can be enhanced by genetically manipulating the fast-grown and introducing the responsible gene from the hyper accumulative species. GM plants can be used to produce cost-efficient and manageable drugs, vaccine, and biopharmaceuticals, if certain limitations are to be considered such as quality of final products, techniques for extraction and processing of biopharmaceuticals, and biosafety. Despite all these benefits, its adverse effects on the environment and human health have always been a matter of concern. The main limitation includes a horizontal transfer of the transgene to other species which may code for the specific antibiotic and herbicide resistance. It might be the possible transmission of resistance from the food products to the whole human population via intestinal bacteria. To address this several methods, need to be adopted to either keep away or eliminate marker genes from the transformed plants before growing in the field. Many scientists have come up with strategies to generate marker-free transgenic plants to give us safe and reliable GM technology.
{"title":"Genetic Modification of Plants: An Emerging Technology","authors":"Krishnaben Desai, N. Modi","doi":"10.20956/IJAS.V8I2.2100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20956/IJAS.V8I2.2100","url":null,"abstract":"Genetically modified (GM) plants can be created by adding specific DNA sequences obtained from the same plant species or different species. Which aims to achieve higher yields, disease and pest resistance, herbicide tolerance, production of antibodies, and other pharmaceutical molecules by manipulating gene expression to alter the protein properties. Insect resistant plants reduce the damage caused by pests and diseases. Herbicide glyphosate or glufosinate-tolerant GM plants gave promising results in combating weed. The properties of plants such as metal uptake, transport, accumulation, and detoxification of organic pollutants can be enhanced by genetically manipulating the fast-grown and introducing the responsible gene from the hyper accumulative species. GM plants can be used to produce cost-efficient and manageable drugs, vaccine, and biopharmaceuticals, if certain limitations are to be considered such as quality of final products, techniques for extraction and processing of biopharmaceuticals, and biosafety. Despite all these benefits, its adverse effects on the environment and human health have always been a matter of concern. The main limitation includes a horizontal transfer of the transgene to other species which may code for the specific antibiotic and herbicide resistance. It might be the possible transmission of resistance from the food products to the whole human population via intestinal bacteria. To address this several methods, need to be adopted to either keep away or eliminate marker genes from the transformed plants before growing in the field. Many scientists have come up with strategies to generate marker-free transgenic plants to give us safe and reliable GM technology.","PeriodicalId":30744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture System","volume":"8 1","pages":"64-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42913562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: This study assessed the influence of Micro-Veg radio program tagged “Ramo-Elefo” on the awareness and adoption of the innovations introduced as well as its effects on adoption of the innovations among the listeners in south-western Nigeria. Methodology: Data was collected through structured pretested questionnaire administered on 383 respondents who were randomly selected in two states (Oyo and Osun) in south-western Nigeria. Descriptive statistics as well as the binary probit regression model were used to analyse the data. Findings: Results show that more females listen and therefore are more aware of the program and the innovations. Of all those who are aware, most are simply satisfied. Most of the respondents that got aware of innovations on land selection and bed preparation through the radio program eventually adopted them. The innovation that most respondents created interest in was value addition. Most adopted the innovation on harvesting techniques. Membership of MicroVeg group, assistance from family members as well as depth of exposure to the program encourages the likelihood of adoption of the UIV innovations while awareness and satisfaction with the contents of the program are also important motivators of adoption. Theoretical implications: Results from the study shows that the presumed theoretical linkage between awareness and adoption of innovations may not hold in all circumstances, but a series of exposure to the message will encourage adoption. Originality: The study establishes the usefulness of the Radio as a means of propagating beneficial agricultural innovations among the rural populace especially in developing countries.
{"title":"BRANDED RADIO PROGRAM AND ADOPTION OF UNDERUTILISED INDIGENOUS VEGETABLES INNOVATIONS IN SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA","authors":"A. Ayanwale, Morolake Adekunle","doi":"10.47604/ija.1531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ija.1531","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study assessed the influence of Micro-Veg radio program tagged “Ramo-Elefo” on the awareness and adoption of the innovations introduced as well as its effects on adoption of the innovations among the listeners in south-western Nigeria. \u0000Methodology: Data was collected through structured pretested questionnaire administered on 383 respondents who were randomly selected in two states (Oyo and Osun) in south-western Nigeria. Descriptive statistics as well as the binary probit regression model were used to analyse the data. \u0000Findings: Results show that more females listen and therefore are more aware of the program and the innovations. Of all those who are aware, most are simply satisfied. Most of the respondents that got aware of innovations on land selection and bed preparation through the radio program eventually adopted them. The innovation that most respondents created interest in was value addition. Most adopted the innovation on harvesting techniques. Membership of MicroVeg group, assistance from family members as well as depth of exposure to the program encourages the likelihood of adoption of the UIV innovations while awareness and satisfaction with the contents of the program are also important motivators of adoption. \u0000Theoretical implications: Results from the study shows that the presumed theoretical linkage between awareness and adoption of innovations may not hold in all circumstances, but a series of exposure to the message will encourage adoption. \u0000Originality: The study establishes the usefulness of the Radio as a means of propagating beneficial agricultural innovations among the rural populace especially in developing countries.","PeriodicalId":30744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture System","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91027535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Pulubuhu, A. A. Unde, S. Sumartias, Sudarmo Sudarmo, Seniwati Seniwati
The COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia began to be confirmed in early February 2020, it affects many various economic sectors, including agriculture. The COVID-19 created challenges for socio-economic issues. This short note focuses on the impact of COVID-19 outbreak on the agricultural sector. The COVID-19 outbreak had a wide-ranging impact, so that agricultural commodities continued to decline. The government's call to not leave the house resulted in many farmers not doing their activities so that it has an impact on declining farmers' income. The field officers also could not optimally carry out their work as a result the development of farming was not optimal. Various efforts have been made by the government to support the agricultural sector such as building e-marketing and training in processing yields for farmers.
{"title":"The Economic Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak on the Agriculture Sector","authors":"D. Pulubuhu, A. A. Unde, S. Sumartias, Sudarmo Sudarmo, Seniwati Seniwati","doi":"10.20956/IJAS.V8I1.2337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20956/IJAS.V8I1.2337","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia began to be confirmed in early February 2020, it affects many various economic sectors, including agriculture. The COVID-19 created challenges for socio-economic issues. This short note focuses on the impact of COVID-19 outbreak on the agricultural sector. The COVID-19 outbreak had a wide-ranging impact, so that agricultural commodities continued to decline. The government's call to not leave the house resulted in many farmers not doing their activities so that it has an impact on declining farmers' income. The field officers also could not optimally carry out their work as a result the development of farming was not optimal. Various efforts have been made by the government to support the agricultural sector such as building e-marketing and training in processing yields for farmers.","PeriodicalId":30744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture System","volume":"8 1","pages":"57-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45047672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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