A. Nuddin, Rian Adhi Putra, I. Irmayani, Nuringsih Nuringsih, M. Akib
Several problems deal with Canavalia ensiformis cultivations. They are the low-price competitiveness, the absence of processing industries and appropriate agricultural technology controlled by the farmers, the absence of fostering of farmers, especially in terms of marketing and postharvest processing.Therefore, the study explore how the role and function of coordination in institutions is needed as a solution for developing Canavalia ensiformis cultivation? The research was conducted from March to August 2019, using the survey method. Data collection is done through an expert system / or practitioner approach. The data obtained were analyzed using the Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM) method. The results show that the existing institutions have not understood their roles and functions in the development of Canavalia ensiformis cultivation. This is an indication of the weak coordination function. The weak function of coordination is a result of weak understanding of the visions, low institutional knowledge and conflict between institutions. The results of the ISM analysis show that there are two key strategic programs in developing the commodity of Canavalia ensiformis, namely human resource and marketing development. These two sub-elements are institutional indicators. Therefore strengthening institutional functions is still needed in the development of Canavalia ensiformis cultivation.
{"title":"Cultivating Canavalia ensiformis: Is Institutional Function Still Needed?","authors":"A. Nuddin, Rian Adhi Putra, I. Irmayani, Nuringsih Nuringsih, M. Akib","doi":"10.20956/IJAS.V7I1.1842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20956/IJAS.V7I1.1842","url":null,"abstract":"Several problems deal with Canavalia ensiformis cultivations. They are the low-price competitiveness, the absence of processing industries and appropriate agricultural technology controlled by the farmers, the absence of fostering of farmers, especially in terms of marketing and postharvest processing.Therefore, the study explore how the role and function of coordination in institutions is needed as a solution for developing Canavalia ensiformis cultivation? The research was conducted from March to August 2019, using the survey method. Data collection is done through an expert system / or practitioner approach. The data obtained were analyzed using the Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM) method. The results show that the existing institutions have not understood their roles and functions in the development of Canavalia ensiformis cultivation. This is an indication of the weak coordination function. The weak function of coordination is a result of weak understanding of the visions, low institutional knowledge and conflict between institutions. The results of the ISM analysis show that there are two key strategic programs in developing the commodity of Canavalia ensiformis, namely human resource and marketing development. These two sub-elements are institutional indicators. Therefore strengthening institutional functions is still needed in the development of Canavalia ensiformis cultivation.","PeriodicalId":30744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture System","volume":"7 1","pages":"39-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42274015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Rustiah, A. Noor, M. Maming, M. Lukman, B. Baharuddin, A. T. Fitriyah
Nitrate and phosphate nutrient and the other oceanographical parameter are part of an indicator to evaluate the quality of the water environment. Our research aims to determine the nitrate and phosphate levels in the water and sediment along the Pangkep coastal area. The research was conducted in February 2018 in coastal Pangkep using five sampling stations. Physico-chemical parameters of the water, such as temperature, pH, salinity, and dissolved oxygen were measured directly, whereas nitrate and phosphate parameters were analyzed using a spectrophotometer. In addition, nitrate and phosphate parameters from the sediment were measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The sediment nitrate values ranged from 0.026-0.442 mg/L, and the water nitrate values ranged from 0.018-0.063 mg/L. Moreover, the phosphate values from sediment ranged from 0.019-0.306 mg/L, and the phosphate values from the water ranged from 0.13-0.056 mg/L. The results show decreasing values of nitrate and phosphate concentration in the water and sediment starting from the estuary to the sea. The highest values were indicated in the estuary, which represents a eutrophic condition in the environment. Nutrient enrichment in coral reefs occurs and mixes with oceanographic conditions resulting in oxygen depletion and changes in benthic community structure.
{"title":"Distribution Analysis of Nitrate and Phosphate in Coastal Area: Evidence from Pangkep River, South Sulawesi","authors":"W. Rustiah, A. Noor, M. Maming, M. Lukman, B. Baharuddin, A. T. Fitriyah","doi":"10.20956/IJAS.V7I1.1835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20956/IJAS.V7I1.1835","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrate and phosphate nutrient and the other oceanographical parameter are part of an indicator to evaluate the quality of the water environment. Our research aims to determine the nitrate and phosphate levels in the water and sediment along the Pangkep coastal area. The research was conducted in February 2018 in coastal Pangkep using five sampling stations. Physico-chemical parameters of the water, such as temperature, pH, salinity, and dissolved oxygen were measured directly, whereas nitrate and phosphate parameters were analyzed using a spectrophotometer. In addition, nitrate and phosphate parameters from the sediment were measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The sediment nitrate values ranged from 0.026-0.442 mg/L, and the water nitrate values ranged from 0.018-0.063 mg/L. Moreover, the phosphate values from sediment ranged from 0.019-0.306 mg/L, and the phosphate values from the water ranged from 0.13-0.056 mg/L. The results show decreasing values of nitrate and phosphate concentration in the water and sediment starting from the estuary to the sea. The highest values were indicated in the estuary, which represents a eutrophic condition in the environment. Nutrient enrichment in coral reefs occurs and mixes with oceanographic conditions resulting in oxygen depletion and changes in benthic community structure.","PeriodicalId":30744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture System","volume":"7 1","pages":"9-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48145931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Nuddin, Reskiana Reskiana, A. Arman, S. Yusuf, Nuringsih Nuringsih, M. Arsyad, A. Bustan, Alimuddin Laapo
One of the causal factors affect coffee production declining in Indonesia is the decline in harvest area of coffee plants. The decline in the area of coffee farming is caused by the shift of farmers from coffee to other commodities, such as corn, vegetables and fruit. The research was conducted to determine new strategic steps in order to enhance robusta coffee production. To achieve the research objectives, Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM) analysis and modeling techniques are carried out. This modeling technique does not require a large sample, so the sample used in this study is limited to 22 people from several related agencies. Data processing in research is carried out according to the needs of Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM) analysis. The results show that the new strategy in developing Robusta coffee production is (1) rehabilitation of coffee plants, (2) rejuvenation of coffee plants, (3) selection of superior coffee varieties, (4) provision of farming roads, (5) coffee price stabilization, (6) intensification of coffee plants, (7) pest control, and (8) increased knowledge of farmers. These new combinations strategy can be strongly expected to enhance robusta coffee production in the country.
{"title":"Designing New Strategy for Enhancing Robusta Coffee Production: An Application of Interpretative Structural Modeling","authors":"A. Nuddin, Reskiana Reskiana, A. Arman, S. Yusuf, Nuringsih Nuringsih, M. Arsyad, A. Bustan, Alimuddin Laapo","doi":"10.20956/IJAS.V6I2.1690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20956/IJAS.V6I2.1690","url":null,"abstract":"One of the causal factors affect coffee production declining in Indonesia is the decline in harvest area of coffee plants. The decline in the area of coffee farming is caused by the shift of farmers from coffee to other commodities, such as corn, vegetables and fruit. The research was conducted to determine new strategic steps in order to enhance robusta coffee production. To achieve the research objectives, Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM) analysis and modeling techniques are carried out. This modeling technique does not require a large sample, so the sample used in this study is limited to 22 people from several related agencies. Data processing in research is carried out according to the needs of Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM) analysis. The results show that the new strategy in developing Robusta coffee production is (1) rehabilitation of coffee plants, (2) rejuvenation of coffee plants, (3) selection of superior coffee varieties, (4) provision of farming roads, (5) coffee price stabilization, (6) intensification of coffee plants, (7) pest control, and (8) increased knowledge of farmers. These new combinations strategy can be strongly expected to enhance robusta coffee production in the country.","PeriodicalId":30744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture System","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67766337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reyna Virginia Nona, I. A. A. Ambarawati, D. P. Darmawan, I. W. Budiasa
This study aims to formulate a regional food security model based on the relationship between characteristics of the area of production, consumption and entrepreneurship with the performance of community food business development (PUPM) in the Province of East Nusa Tenggara (NTT). The research sample consisted of 93 rice farmers, 96 rice consumers and 30 business people representing the Association of Farmers' Groups (Gapoktan) and the Indonesian Farmers Shop (TTI) owners, accounting for the total respondents to 219 people. Data analysis was using Smart-PLS. The results of the analysis show that the performance of the PUPM in NTT which is influenced by the characteristics of the production, consumption and entrepreneurship areas has only been achieved at a sufficient level. The analysis also shows that the new PUPM activities in NTT are able to fulfill aspects of access and stability, while the availability aspect is still very small. Nevertheless, this study has proven that the regional food security model in NTT can be realized through community food business development activities.
{"title":"Realizing Regional Food Security Through Community Food Business Development in East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia","authors":"Reyna Virginia Nona, I. A. A. Ambarawati, D. P. Darmawan, I. W. Budiasa","doi":"10.20956/IJAS.V6I2.1593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20956/IJAS.V6I2.1593","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to formulate a regional food security model based on the relationship between characteristics of the area of production, consumption and entrepreneurship with the performance of community food business development (PUPM) in the Province of East Nusa Tenggara (NTT). The research sample consisted of 93 rice farmers, 96 rice consumers and 30 business people representing the Association of Farmers' Groups (Gapoktan) and the Indonesian Farmers Shop (TTI) owners, accounting for the total respondents to 219 people. Data analysis was using Smart-PLS. The results of the analysis show that the performance of the PUPM in NTT which is influenced by the characteristics of the production, consumption and entrepreneurship areas has only been achieved at a sufficient level. The analysis also shows that the new PUPM activities in NTT are able to fulfill aspects of access and stability, while the availability aspect is still very small. Nevertheless, this study has proven that the regional food security model in NTT can be realized through community food business development activities.","PeriodicalId":30744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture System","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43764505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High energy diet is related to high feed cost. Thus, it is essential to reduce energy diet but still support the good performance of birds. The utilization of low cost- feed ingredients combined with enzymes are the alternative way to do. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of multy-enzyme supplementation on growth performance of broilers fed low energy basal diets containing rice bran. Experiment 1. The apparent metabolizable energy (AME) assay of yellow corn and rice bran. A total of 48 broilers were randomly distributed to 12 cages (4 birds/cage). A maize-soybean meal basal diet (mash form) was formulated and two assay diets were then developed by substituting rice bran (raw 250 g kg-1, w/w) and maize (500 g kg-1, w/w) of the basal diet. Total excreta collection method was used. The results showed that the AME value of rice bran was significantly lower (2032 kcal/kg DM) and 3112 Kcal/kg DM. Experiment II. The experiment was designed using a completely randomized design with four treatments and six replications. A total of 160 DOC (unsex) were randomly distributed to 16 pens (10 birds/pen). The experimental diets were iso-nitrogenous and iso-energetics. The results show that dietary treatments significantly affected (P0.05) FCR and mortality of broilers. Broilers fed P2, P3 and P4 diets had higher (P0.05). In conclusion, 1) the supplementation of enzymes in low energy diets containing rice bran improved BWG and FI but not FCR and mortality. 2) Birds fed rice bran-containing-diets supplemented with enzymes produced similar growth performance.
高能量饮食与高饲料成本有关。因此，减少能量饮食是至关重要的，但仍能支持鸟类的良好表现。本研究旨在探讨添加多种酶制剂对含米糠低能量基础日粮肉鸡生长性能的影响。实验1。黄玉米和米糠的表观代谢能（AME）测定。共48只肉鸡被随机分配到12个笼子（4只/笼）。制定玉米-豆粕基础日粮（醪糟形式），然后通过替代基础日粮的米糠（生250 g kg-1，w/w）和玉米（500 g kg-1（w/w））来开发两种试验日粮。采用总排泄物收集法。结果表明，米糠的AME值显著降低（2032 kcal/kg DM）和3112 kcal/kgDM。该实验采用完全随机设计，共有四次治疗和六次重复。总共160只DOC（unsex）被随机分配到16个围栏（10只鸟/围栏）。实验日粮是等氮和等能量的。结果表明，日粮处理对肉鸡FCR和死亡率均有显著影响（P＜0.05）。饲喂P2、P3和P4日粮的肉鸡有较高的差异（P＜0.05）。结论：（1）在含米糠的低能量日粮中添加酶可以提高肉鸡的BWG和FI，但不能提高FCR和死亡率。2） 喂食添加了酶的含米糠的日粮的鸟类产生了类似的生长性能。
{"title":"The efficacy of multy-enzymes supplementation on low energy corn-soybean meal basal diet containing rice bran on growth performance of broilers","authors":"C. L. Nalle, Marlin R. K. Yowi","doi":"10.20956/IJAS.V6I2.1668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20956/IJAS.V6I2.1668","url":null,"abstract":"High energy diet is related to high feed cost. Thus, it is essential to reduce energy diet but still support the good performance of birds. The utilization of low cost- feed ingredients combined with enzymes are the alternative way to do. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of multy-enzyme supplementation on growth performance of broilers fed low energy basal diets containing rice bran. Experiment 1. The apparent metabolizable energy (AME) assay of yellow corn and rice bran. A total of 48 broilers were randomly distributed to 12 cages (4 birds/cage). A maize-soybean meal basal diet (mash form) was formulated and two assay diets were then developed by substituting rice bran (raw 250 g kg-1, w/w) and maize (500 g kg-1, w/w) of the basal diet. Total excreta collection method was used. The results showed that the AME value of rice bran was significantly lower (2032 kcal/kg DM) and 3112 Kcal/kg DM. Experiment II. The experiment was designed using a completely randomized design with four treatments and six replications. A total of 160 DOC (unsex) were randomly distributed to 16 pens (10 birds/pen). The experimental diets were iso-nitrogenous and iso-energetics. The results show that dietary treatments significantly affected (P0.05) FCR and mortality of broilers. Broilers fed P2, P3 and P4 diets had higher (P0.05). In conclusion, 1) the supplementation of enzymes in low energy diets containing rice bran improved BWG and FI but not FCR and mortality. 2) Birds fed rice bran-containing-diets supplemented with enzymes produced similar growth performance.","PeriodicalId":30744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture System","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42352244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
At present, nearly 70% of the world's new increase carbon dioxide emission comes from China. Technology is the key power to develop low-carbon economy. Because of the shortage of independent R & D and the relative backwardness of low-carbon technology, Chinese need developed countries’ R&D capital and advanced technology to promote low-carbon technologies. Based on the panel data from Chinese 30 provinces from 2001 to 2014 and dynamic panel model, this paper researchs on the effects of international R&D on regional carbon productivity in China. The empirical results show that, the technology spillover effect of FDI and import trade can improve carbon productivity, and imported technology contracts play a positive role on carbon productivity, but not significant. There is a significant positive correlation between independent R&D and carbon productivity. Finally, the corresponding policy is put forward according to the conclusions
{"title":"Research on the Effects of International R&D on Carbon Productivity in China: Empirical Study Based on Dynamic Panel","authors":"Dawei Gao, Haisong Nie, Marina Takeyasu","doi":"10.20956/IJAS.V6I2.375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20956/IJAS.V6I2.375","url":null,"abstract":"At present, nearly 70% of the world's new increase carbon dioxide emission comes from China. Technology is the key power to develop low-carbon economy. Because of the shortage of independent R & D and the relative backwardness of low-carbon technology, Chinese need developed countries’ R&D capital and advanced technology to promote low-carbon technologies. Based on the panel data from Chinese 30 provinces from 2001 to 2014 and dynamic panel model, this paper researchs on the effects of international R&D on regional carbon productivity in China. The empirical results show that, the technology spillover effect of FDI and import trade can improve carbon productivity, and imported technology contracts play a positive role on carbon productivity, but not significant. There is a significant positive correlation between independent R&D and carbon productivity. Finally, the corresponding policy is put forward according to the conclusions","PeriodicalId":30744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture System","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46646917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Dirpan, M. T. Sapsal, A. Syarifuddin, M. M. Tahir, K. Ali, Abdul Kadir Muhammad
Many researchhavefound thatthe use of zero energy coolchamber (ZECC) extend the shelf life of stored fruits and vegetables. There is a lack of study conducted in Indonesia about the use of ZECC to keep mangos after harvesting though. The present study, therefore, was aimed to understand the quality and storability of stored mangos in ZECC. Three different storage containers, a ZECC, ambient, and refrigerator with different average RH and temperature, were used to place selected ripe mangos (Mangifera indica L) that were manually harvested from farmers’ field nearby. The ZECC was set up at the residential complex for lecturer of Hasanuddin University as the experiment site. Results showed that mangos inside ZECC were acceptable until eleven days of storage after considering both quality and sensory evaluation. The result suggests that ZECC can maintain mango’s quality and extend its shelf life, which reveals that ZECC seems promisingfor commercial application
{"title":"Quality and Storability of Mango During Zero Energy Cool Chamber (ZECC)","authors":"A. Dirpan, M. T. Sapsal, A. Syarifuddin, M. M. Tahir, K. Ali, Abdul Kadir Muhammad","doi":"10.20956/IJAS.V6I2.1504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20956/IJAS.V6I2.1504","url":null,"abstract":"Many researchhavefound thatthe use of zero energy coolchamber (ZECC) extend the shelf life of stored fruits and vegetables. There is a lack of study conducted in Indonesia about the use of ZECC to keep mangos after harvesting though. The present study, therefore, was aimed to understand the quality and storability of stored mangos in ZECC. Three different storage containers, a ZECC, ambient, and refrigerator with different average RH and temperature, were used to place selected ripe mangos (Mangifera indica L) that were manually harvested from farmers’ field nearby. The ZECC was set up at the residential complex for lecturer of Hasanuddin University as the experiment site. Results showed that mangos inside ZECC were acceptable until eleven days of storage after considering both quality and sensory evaluation. The result suggests that ZECC can maintain mango’s quality and extend its shelf life, which reveals that ZECC seems promisingfor commercial application","PeriodicalId":30744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture System","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48306911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Bilang, M. Mamang, S. Salengke, R. Putra, R. Reta
Toxalbumin is a toxic glyprotein contained in candlenut seeds. This toxic compound can be removed by heat treatment before the candlenut is used in processed food products. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of wet heating at high temperatures on the toxicity of candlenut toxalbumin by examining protein profiles, amino acid and carbohytrate contens in the candlenut extract. The material used in this study was unbroken candlenut seeds. This research apply Randomize complete design. The wet hight temperature treatment of candlenut seeds in this study was carried out in autoclave followed by drying in an oven. The wet heat tretment was performed at several conditions, namely without heating as control (P0), drying in oven at 70oC for 7 hours (P1), wet heating in autoclave at 121oC for 5 minutes (P2), 10 minutes (P3), 15 minutes (P4), and 20 minutes (P5). The P2, P3, P4 and P5 treatments were respectively followed by oven drying at 70oC for 7 hours. The results showed that treatment P5 reduced toxicity of candlenut toxalbumin as has been shown in other research through hemaglutination assay which indicated the abcence of aglutination of blood cells. The protein profile of candlenut extract revealed four protein bands with molecular weight of about 18-60 kDa. The reduction of toxicity has also been indicated by the lowest intensity of the bright blue color band on the P5 treatment compared the intensities of the other bands from the other treatments. Reduction of toxicity of the toxalbumin of candlenut seeds after 20 minutes of wet heating (P5) was caused by changes in the polarity of the amino acid glycoprotein. The reduction of non polar amino acids in toxalbumin (glycoprotein) occurred during wet heating, in particular, valine and proline. The increase of glucose and fructose contents was due to the breakdown of glycosidic bonds in glycoprotein molecules.
毒白蛋白是一种有毒的糖蛋白，含有在蜡烛的种子。这种有毒的化合物可以在加工食品中使用之前通过热处理去除。本研究的目的是确定在高温湿加热对毒白蛋白毒性的影响，通过检查蛋白质谱，氨基酸和碳水化合物含量的蜡烛提取物。在这项研究中使用的材料是未破碎的核桃种子。本研究采用随机完全设计。本研究采用高压灭菌法对核桃种子进行湿高温处理，然后在烘箱中干燥。湿热处理在几种条件下进行，即不加热作为对照(P0)，在70℃的烘箱中干燥7小时(P1)，在121℃的高压灭菌器中湿加热5分钟(P2)， 10分钟(P3)， 15分钟(P4)和20分钟(P5)。P2、P3、P4和P5处理分别在70℃下烘箱干燥7小时。结果表明，P5处理降低了蜡烛毒素白蛋白的毒性，其他研究通过血凝试验表明，没有血细胞的凝集。candnut提取物的蛋白谱显示4条分子量约为18 ~ 60kda的蛋白带。与其他处理的其他波段强度相比，P5处理的亮蓝色波段强度最低，也表明毒性的降低。湿加热20 min (P5)后，毒白蛋白的毒性降低是由于氨基酸糖蛋白极性的变化引起的。在湿加热过程中，毒白蛋白(糖蛋白)中的非极性氨基酸减少，尤其是缬氨酸和脯氨酸。葡萄糖和果糖含量的增加是由于糖蛋白分子中糖苷键的破坏。
{"title":"Elimination of toxalbumin in candlenut seed (Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd) using wet heating at high temperature and identification of compounds in the candlenut glycoprotein","authors":"M. Bilang, M. Mamang, S. Salengke, R. Putra, R. Reta","doi":"10.20956/IJAS.V6I2.649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20956/IJAS.V6I2.649","url":null,"abstract":"Toxalbumin is a toxic glyprotein contained in candlenut seeds. This toxic compound can be removed by heat treatment before the candlenut is used in processed food products. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of wet heating at high temperatures on the toxicity of candlenut toxalbumin by examining protein profiles, amino acid and carbohytrate contens in the candlenut extract. The material used in this study was unbroken candlenut seeds. This research apply Randomize complete design. The wet hight temperature treatment of candlenut seeds in this study was carried out in autoclave followed by drying in an oven. The wet heat tretment was performed at several conditions, namely without heating as control (P0), drying in oven at 70oC for 7 hours (P1), wet heating in autoclave at 121oC for 5 minutes (P2), 10 minutes (P3), 15 minutes (P4), and 20 minutes (P5). The P2, P3, P4 and P5 treatments were respectively followed by oven drying at 70oC for 7 hours. The results showed that treatment P5 reduced toxicity of candlenut toxalbumin as has been shown in other research through hemaglutination assay which indicated the abcence of aglutination of blood cells. The protein profile of candlenut extract revealed four protein bands with molecular weight of about 18-60 kDa. The reduction of toxicity has also been indicated by the lowest intensity of the bright blue color band on the P5 treatment compared the intensities of the other bands from the other treatments. Reduction of toxicity of the toxalbumin of candlenut seeds after 20 minutes of wet heating (P5) was caused by changes in the polarity of the amino acid glycoprotein. The reduction of non polar amino acids in toxalbumin (glycoprotein) occurred during wet heating, in particular, valine and proline. The increase of glucose and fructose contents was due to the breakdown of glycosidic bonds in glycoprotein molecules.","PeriodicalId":30744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture System","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41615347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research aimed to find out the influence of different demographic characteristics of beef cattle farmers on adoption of concentrate and UMMB (Urea Mineral Molasses Block) technology. The method employed was a descriptive quantitative with survey technique conducted on beef cattle farmers. The sample was selected using convenience sampling method, with 65 beef cattle farmers as the sample. The primary data was obtained from questionnaire and interview with 65 beef cattle farmers. The secondary data was obtained from Karanganyar Regency’s Central Statistic Agency. The data analysis employed included descriptive analysis, validity, reliability, and Oneway ANOVA tests. The results showed that the different demographic characteristics of beef cattle farmers (age, education, main job, job duration, breeding business status and cattle number owned) influence the adoption of concentrate and UMMB technology. The conclusion of research was that the demographic characteristics of beef cattle farmers showed different effects on the adoption of concentrate and UMMB technology.
{"title":"The Influence of Different Characteristic Demographics of Beef Cattle Farmers on Adoption of Concentrate and UMMB Technology","authors":"S. H. Purnomo, R. F. Hadi, S. Sulistyo","doi":"10.20956/IJAS.V6I2.1672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20956/IJAS.V6I2.1672","url":null,"abstract":"This research aimed to find out the influence of different demographic characteristics of beef cattle farmers on adoption of concentrate and UMMB (Urea Mineral Molasses Block) technology. The method employed was a descriptive quantitative with survey technique conducted on beef cattle farmers. The sample was selected using convenience sampling method, with 65 beef cattle farmers as the sample. The primary data was obtained from questionnaire and interview with 65 beef cattle farmers. The secondary data was obtained from Karanganyar Regency’s Central Statistic Agency. The data analysis employed included descriptive analysis, validity, reliability, and Oneway ANOVA tests. The results showed that the different demographic characteristics of beef cattle farmers (age, education, main job, job duration, breeding business status and cattle number owned) influence the adoption of concentrate and UMMB technology. The conclusion of research was that the demographic characteristics of beef cattle farmers showed different effects on the adoption of concentrate and UMMB technology.","PeriodicalId":30744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture System","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45930272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marina Takeyasu, Haisong Nie, Dawei Gao, Chuangbin Chen
To convert a society to a sustainable system, attempts are required not only at international and governmental levels, but also at regional levels. It is necessary to challenge multiple issues through cooperation among various actors, such as national governments, local governments, private enterprises and residents. In Japan, one of the initiatives to achieve “the sustainable” at regional level is the “FutureCity” initiative. This is a part of National Strategic Projects in “New Growth Strategy”, which Japanese government introduced in 2010. The purpose of the “Futurecity” initiative is to create the capacity in cities to deal with environmental issues and problems of aging society, as well as establishing sustainable socioeconomic system with environmental aspects, social aspects and economic aspects. Japanese government selected, as the “FutureCity”, the five cities (Yokohama city, Shimokawa town, Kashiwa city, Toyama city and Kitakyusyu city) for making pioneering effort on these challenges, and the six cities that were hit by the Great East Japan Earthquake and great Tsunami in 2011. This “Future city” is expected to provide model solution of human common issues as a forerunner. The object of this research is to define the current situations and problems of the “FutureCity” initiative, through a case study on Yokohama city in Kanagawa prefecture, which is characterized as a big city in Japan. Here, we examined how Yokohama city is tackling the environmental issues and problems of aging society as the “FutureCity” and what problems it has in maintaining their initiative itself as a local government. In addition, we considered how, at international level, Japanese “FutureCity” initiative can contribute to realizing sustainable society
{"title":"Local Action for Realizing Sustainable Society: A Survey of Japanese \"Futurecity\" Initiative","authors":"Marina Takeyasu, Haisong Nie, Dawei Gao, Chuangbin Chen","doi":"10.20956/IJAS.V6I2.394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20956/IJAS.V6I2.394","url":null,"abstract":"To convert a society to a sustainable system, attempts are required not only at international and governmental levels, but also at regional levels. It is necessary to challenge multiple issues through cooperation among various actors, such as national governments, local governments, private enterprises and residents. In Japan, one of the initiatives to achieve “the sustainable” at regional level is the “FutureCity” initiative. This is a part of National Strategic Projects in “New Growth Strategy”, which Japanese government introduced in 2010. The purpose of the “Futurecity” initiative is to create the capacity in cities to deal with environmental issues and problems of aging society, as well as establishing sustainable socioeconomic system with environmental aspects, social aspects and economic aspects. Japanese government selected, as the “FutureCity”, the five cities (Yokohama city, Shimokawa town, Kashiwa city, Toyama city and Kitakyusyu city) for making pioneering effort on these challenges, and the six cities that were hit by the Great East Japan Earthquake and great Tsunami in 2011. This “Future city” is expected to provide model solution of human common issues as a forerunner. The object of this research is to define the current situations and problems of the “FutureCity” initiative, through a case study on Yokohama city in Kanagawa prefecture, which is characterized as a big city in Japan. Here, we examined how Yokohama city is tackling the environmental issues and problems of aging society as the “FutureCity” and what problems it has in maintaining their initiative itself as a local government. In addition, we considered how, at international level, Japanese “FutureCity” initiative can contribute to realizing sustainable society","PeriodicalId":30744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture System","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42730575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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