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WEATHER BASED INDEX INSURANCE AND ITS ROLE IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION 气象指数保险及其在农业生产中的作用
Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.47604/ija.1595
Ben Kajwang
Purpose: Insurance not only is a shock absorber for farmers and other actors in the agricultural value chain, but it also enables access to credit and hence is an integral part of financial inclusion, and it enables/protects investments in better inputs and technologies which increase productivity. The different forms of insurance also reduce the government's budget exposure to agricultural risks. Crop insurance could incentivize farmers to increase their input use but indemnity-based crop insurance programs are plagued by market failures. The purpose of this research work was to examine weather-based index insurance and its role in agricultural production. This study highlights the key opportunities for weather-based index products and bring further clarity to how the use of weather-based index insurance can help to transform agriculture production. Methodology: Relevant book references and journal articles for the study were identified using Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria entailed papers that were not over five years old. Findings: This study found that the uptake of weather-based index insurance is positively and significantly associated with the use of chemical fertilizer and improved seeds, and also with crop yield. The study concludes that upscaling of weather-based index insurance programs may help to spur agricultural development in agricultural production. Recommendations: The study recommends that weather-based index insurance be linked to an existing development program or other market opportunities to provide added value to the client. As a stand-alone product, weather-based index insurance may be seen as an unnecessary cost and have little demand from farmers who face a variety of risks in addition to weather risks. The study also recommends partnership between weather-based index insurance programs and complementary agricultural development or risk management programs. NGOs in particular could play an important and independent role in the extension of information to farmers, possibly in conjunction with official extension services.
目的:保险不仅是农民和农业价值链中其他行为者的减震器,而且还使其能够获得信贷,因此是普惠金融的一个组成部分,它能够/保护对提高生产率的更好投入和技术的投资。不同形式的保险也减少了政府对农业风险的预算敞口。作物保险可以激励农民增加投入物的使用,但以赔偿为基础的作物保险项目受到市场失灵的困扰。本研究的目的是检验天气指数保险及其在农业生产中的作用。本研究强调了天气指数产品的关键机遇,并进一步阐明了使用天气指数保险如何帮助农业生产转型。方法:使用Google Scholar检索相关书籍参考文献和期刊文章。纳入标准要求论文发表时间不超过5年。结果:本研究发现,基于天气的指数保险的吸收与化肥和改良种子的使用以及作物产量呈正相关且显著相关。该研究的结论是,扩大以天气为基础的指数保险计划可能有助于刺激农业生产的农业发展。建议:该研究建议将基于天气的指数保险与现有的开发计划或其他市场机会联系起来,为客户提供附加值。作为一种独立的产品,天气指数保险可能被视为一种不必要的成本,而且除了天气风险之外,农民对天气指数保险的需求很少。该研究还建议在基于天气的指数保险项目与互补性农业发展或风险管理项目之间建立伙伴关系。非政府组织尤其可以在向农民推广信息方面发挥重要和独立的作用,可能与官方推广服务结合起来。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) Certification to Environmental Behavior of Palm Oil Plantation Companies 印尼可持续棕榈油(ISPO)认证对棕榈油种植公司环境行为的影响
Pub Date : 2022-07-19 DOI: 10.20956/ijas.v10i1.3254
Indah Pasimura, A. Afrizal, Wilson Novarino
In order to realize sustainable palm oil plantations and to overcome negative impacts of it, Indonesian government has required Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) certification to palm oil plantation companies. After 10 years of implementation, it is important to know the impact of ISPO certification on environmental behavior of palm oil plantation companies, especially related to deforestation and land fires. Using qualitative method, this study investigates environmental behavior changes in seven palm oil plantation company related to deforestation, and land fires as results of ISPO certification and to analyze the cause of the changes. This study showed that the implementations of ISPO certification are able to change the company's environmental behavior to reduce forest conversion in concession areas and increase conservation areas as a fulfillment of ISPO principles and criteria. The change of those company’s environmental behavior caused by the pressure to issue ISPO regulation, the influence of the company's internal stakeholders in responding and understanding ISPO, and encouragement to get easy finance  access from banks.
为了实现可持续棕榈油种植并克服其负面影响,印尼政府要求棕榈油种植公司获得印尼可持续棕榈油(ISPO)认证。经过10年的实施,了解ISPO认证对棕榈油种植公司环境行为的影响非常重要,尤其是与森林砍伐和土地火灾有关的影响。本研究采用定性方法,调查了七家棕榈油种植公司的环境行为变化,这些变化与ISPO认证结果导致的森林砍伐和土地火灾有关,并分析了变化的原因。这项研究表明,实施ISPO认证能够改变公司的环境行为,以减少特许经营区的森林转换,并增加保护区,从而满足ISPO的原则和标准。发布ISPO法规的压力、公司内部利益相关者在回应和理解ISPO方面的影响,以及鼓励银行轻松获得融资,导致这些公司的环境行为发生了变化。
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引用次数: 2
Mapping of Agricultural Land Use Change and Effect on Land Capability as a Basis for Land Use Direction in Nguntoronadi-Indonesia 印尼Nguntoroadi农业土地利用变化及其对土地利用能力的影响制图,作为土地利用方向的基础
Pub Date : 2022-07-09 DOI: 10.20956/ijas.v10i1.3644
M. Mujiyo, S. Suntoro, Rifa Rizhandion Akbar, Rahayu Rahayu
The occurrence of conversion of agricultural land can cause erosion proneness, low fertility soils, and decreased land productivity. Land conversion requires an evaluation of land capability, as a basis for direction to maintain land productivity. This study aims to determine the rate of conversion of agricultural land, land capability class, the determinants of land capability, and direction of land management on initial land and converted land in agricultural land, Nguntoronadi District, Karanganyar Regency. The method used is a survey, with the research area divided into 6 LMU (Land Map Units) represented by 6 sample points in each LMU including 3 points on fixed land and 3 points on converted land, resulting in 36 samples determined by purposive sampling. The research stages include; 1) Pre survey, 2) Survey, 3) Post survey. The results of the study show that the land-use change from 2011 to 2020 covers an area of 258.56 ha and a rate of 28.73 ha per year. The land capability of the research area on fixed land and converted land is classified into land capability III and class IV. Factors that determine land capability include soil erodibility and drainage. The recommended direction for land use and management for Nguntoronadi District is the provision of green manure, making terracing, and making drainage irrigation
农业用地转换的发生会导致侵蚀倾向、土壤肥力低下和土地生产力下降。土地转换需要对土地能力进行评估,以此作为维持土地生产力方向的基础。本研究旨在确定农业用地的转换率、土地能力等级、土地能力的决定因素以及Karangayar县Nguntorondi区农业用地中初始土地和转换土地的土地管理方向。所使用的方法是调查,将研究区域划分为6个LMU(土地图单元),每个LMU中有6个样本点,包括固定土地上的3个点和转换土地上的三个点,通过有目的的采样确定了36个样本。研究阶段包括:;1) 调查前,2)调查,3)调查后。研究结果显示,2011-2020年土地利用变化面积为258.56公顷,年变化率为28.73公顷。研究区在固定土地和转换土地上的土地能力分为土地能力III和IV类。决定土地能力的因素包括土壤可蚀性和排水性。Nguntoroadi区土地使用和管理的建议方向是提供绿肥、修建梯田和进行排水灌溉
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引用次数: 1
The Application of Several Organic Fertilizers for Production Increase and Brix Content of Sweet Corn (Zea mays L. Saccharate) 几种有机肥在甜玉米(Zea mays L.Saccharate)增产和提高糖度中的应用
Pub Date : 2022-07-05 DOI: 10.20956/ijas.v10i1.3789
Andi Adya Ramadhan Agussalim, Rafiudin Rafiudin, A. Yassi
The tendency of chemical fertilizers used (inorganic) in food crop cultivation farming by the farmers is caused by their practicality. However, the continuous use of chemical fertilizers can damage the crops and their environment, including sweet corn. Sweet corn (Zea mays L. Saccharate) contains high sugar content because it naturally mutates to a recessive gene that controls sugar conversion to starch in corn endosperm. The purpose of this research were to know the effect of several organic fertilizers on productivity increase as well as Brix content of sweet corn. This research was conducted from June to August 2021 in Waempubbu Village, Amali District, Bone Regency and Laboratory of Food Process, Agriculture Faculty, Hasanuddin University, South Sulawesi. This research used the design of a split plot by using completely randomized design (CRD). The main plot was sweet corn varieties: Talenta (v1) and Bonanza (v2). Meanwhile, the subplot was organic fertilizers which are control (p0), compost (p1), soil ameliorant (p2), compost + soil ameliorant (p3), liquid organic fertilizer/LOF (p4), compost + LOF (p5), soil ameliorant + LOF (p6) and compost + soil ameliorant + LOF (p7). According to the results, the Bonanza variety showed high average productivity, 22.50 tons per hectare.  The treatment of organic fertilizer that reveals the high average productivity is combines compost + soil ameliorant + LOF (p7). The interaction of treatment that reveals the highest productivity is an interaction between Bonanza variety with the treatment of soil ameliorant + LOF (p6), which is 27.07 tons per hectare with Relative Agronomic Effectiveness (RAE) value is 1366.67%. The treatment of compost fertilizer + soil ameliorant + LOF (p7) exhibits the content of Brix (10.50%) and becomes the highest productivity.
化肥(无机)肥料在粮食作物栽培中的应用趋势是由其实用性引起的。然而,持续使用化肥会损害作物及其环境,包括甜玉米。甜玉米(Zea mays L. Saccharate)含糖量高,因为它在玉米胚乳中自然突变为一种控制糖转化为淀粉的隐性基因。本试验旨在了解几种有机肥对甜玉米增产及糖度含量的影响。该研究于2021年6月至8月在南苏拉威西省哈萨努丁大学农业学院食品加工实验室和阿马利县骨县Waempubbu村进行。本研究采用完全随机设计(CRD)的分割图设计。主要种植品种为甜玉米品种Talenta (v1)和Bonanza (v2)。有机肥为对照(p0)、堆肥(p1)、土壤改良剂(p2)、堆肥+土壤改良剂(p3)、液态有机肥/LOF (p4)、堆肥+ LOF (p5)、土壤改良剂+ LOF (p6)和堆肥+土壤改良剂+ LOF (p7)。结果表明,富矿品种表现出较高的平均产量,为22.50吨/公顷。显示出较高平均生产力的有机肥处理是堆肥+土壤改良剂+ LOF (p7)。富矿品种与土壤改良剂+ LOF (p6)处理的互作产量最高,为27.07吨/公顷,相对农艺效益(RAE)值为1366.67%。有机肥+土壤改良剂+ LOF (p7)处理的白度含量为10.50%,生产率最高。
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引用次数: 0
FARMERS’ PREFERENCE FOR RICE TRAITS: INSIGHTS FROM FARM SURVEYS IN BUSIA COUNTY, KENYA 农民对水稻性状的偏好:来自肯尼亚布西亚县农场调查的见解
Pub Date : 2022-03-16 DOI: 10.47604/ija.1487
K. Danda, J. Kimani, Kyung Ho Kang
Purpose: A cross-sectional survey was designed to study farmers’ preferences for rice varieties in Busia County, Kenya. Methodology: The survey used a multi-stage sampling technique for site selection and a purposive strategy for rice growers/producers. Data was collected from key rice value chain stakeholders including farmers, extension service providers, local leaders and hoteliers using focus group discussions by use of guiding checklists and a structured questionnaire. A total of 26 key informants and 62 individual respondents in the categories mentioned were interviewed. Descriptive analysis was done along with cross-tabulations to establish associations. Findings: Results indicated that rice was a significantly important farm enterprise among the respondents with a higher land allocation of 2.04 acres followed by maize with 1.14 acres. Seed sources were mainly traditional with fellow farmers being instrumental in seed sharing at cost (59.7% buying form other farmers) followed by free issues (19.4% getting free from other farmers). Research as a seed source lagged at 8.1%.  Variety choice was said to be dictated by high yield, early maturity and one thousand seed weight by 80.6%, 77.4% and 40.3% respectively. These attributes were also ranked as first, second and third positions respectively. Rice production followed traditional patterns as 60% of producers/farmers depended on a farmer-to-farmer seed system over all the production periods. There also lacked structures and efforts to upscale rice production and therefore this paper recommends formulation and direction of concerted efforts towards on-farm participatory research and formation of social networks for rice production and marketing information Contribution to theory, practice and policy: The results give impetus to conclude that farmers know which traits are of priority in variety selection. Going by farmers’ perceptions simply means responding to consumer demand for quality in rice production. The study also demonstrated enormous potential for rice production as demonstrated by the will of the farmers to allocate 45% of their land parcels to rice production. It also brought out that the fact that certified rice seeds are rarely used and therefore, there is urgent need to establish seed systems and distribution pathways in order to improve on yields as well as quality of paddy hence more income to farmers and other rice value chain players. The concepts of field demonstrations and on-farm participatory research need to be up-scaling for enhanced transformation of rice production landscape in the region.
目的:设计一项横断面调查,研究肯尼亚布西亚县农民对水稻品种的偏好。方法:调查采用多阶段抽样技术进行选址,并对水稻种植者/生产者采取有目的的策略。通过使用指导清单和结构化问卷进行焦点小组讨论,从包括农民、推广服务提供者、地方领导人和酒店经营者在内的稻米价值链关键利益相关者那里收集数据。在上述类别中,共采访了26名主要举报人和62名个别答复者。描述性分析与交叉表一起进行,以建立关联。结果表明:水稻是被调查农户中最重要的农业企业,其土地配置面积为2.04亩,其次是玉米,为1.14亩;种子来源主要是传统的,农民同伴以成本方式分享种子(59.7%从其他农民那里购买),其次是免费发放(19.4%从其他农民那里免费获得)。作为种子来源的研究落后于8.1%。高产、早熟和千粒重对品种选择的影响分别为80.6%、77.4%和40.3%。这些属性也分别排在第一、第二和第三位。水稻生产遵循传统模式,60%的生产者/农民在整个生产期间都依赖农民对农民的种子系统。因此,本文建议制定和指导协调一致的努力,以开展农场参与性研究,形成水稻生产和销售信息的社会网络。理论、实践和政策的贡献:结果推动得出结论,农民知道品种选择中哪些性状是优先考虑的。按照农民的看法行事仅仅意味着回应消费者对大米生产质量的需求。这项研究还显示了水稻生产的巨大潜力,农民愿意将45%的土地用于水稻生产。报告还指出,很少使用经过认证的水稻种子,因此迫切需要建立种子系统和分销途径,以提高产量和水稻质量,从而为农民和其他水稻价值链参与者带来更多收入。需要扩大田间示范和农场参与性研究的概念,以促进该地区水稻生产格局的转变。
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引用次数: 1
Farmers’ Demonstrate Rationality and Transitivity in Variety Choice: Empirical Evidence From two Rice Growing Niches in Coastal Kenya. 农民品种选择的合理性和及物性:来自肯尼亚沿海两个水稻种植生态位的经验证据
Pub Date : 2022-02-15 DOI: 10.47604/ija.1464
Milton Kengo, J. Kimani, L. Bok
Purpose: A cross-sectional survey was designed to study farmers’ preference and choice framework for rice varieties in Kwale and Taita-Taveta counties of coastal lowland Kenya. Methodology: The survey used a multi-stage sampling technique; systematic selection for the study counties/niches, a purposive sampling approach for the study population (rice growers only) and a systematic random sampling for the respondents on an nth occurrence. Data was collected with the aid of a semi-structured questionnaire and key informant interviews from key rice value chain actors; including farmers as producers as well as consumers and agricultural extension service providers (AESPs) and other stakeholders. A total of 137 individual respondents were interviewed using the semi-structured questionnaire while the key informant interviews engaged a total of 29 AESPs. Data analysis focused on exploring on the varieties that farmers grew and whether they had a criteria or pattern for choosing the varieties to grow and seed source. Findings: Results confirmed that the Kwale rice growing niche had a higher rice variety diversity (more than 12 varieties) while Taita-Taveta had only around seven (7) common varieties. Rice was more traditionally grown in Kwale with low acreage and low yields compared to Taita-Taveta. Common varieties grown were Pachanga, Supa, Kitumbo, Makonde and Kibawa in Kwale while in Taita-Taveta, Japan, Supa and Hybrid 6444 rice varieties were common (with prevalence rating of 44.8%, 25.4%, 22.4%, 20.9 and 17.9% in Kwale respectively and 55.7%, 54.3% and 18.6% in Taita-Taveta respectively). Varieties grown by farmers in Kwale had a long history of seed recycling and were characterized by low productivity (less than 6, 90-kg bags per acre) and subsistent in nature than in Taita-Taveta. The general picture for variety prevalence in both (Kwale and Taita) growing niches was that farmers mostly relied on traditional (own-preserved, farmer-to-farmer exchange or market) seed systems for the recycled rice varieties.  Variety choice by farmers who are both producers and consumers demonstrated a rational and transitive behavior with land resource allocation. Contribution to theory, practice and policy:  The study provided evidence of an urgent need for strategic interventions towards improving the production system through on-farm researcher-led demonstrations for superior rice varieties, agronomic practices as well as an input subsidy and sustainable market linkages. Formation of farmer producer groups and strategic facilitation of the groups with rice certified seed and mills are proposed as positive drivers to improving rice marketing and increased productivity.
目的:设计一项横断面调查,研究肯尼亚沿海低地Kwale县和Taita-Taveta县农民对水稻品种的偏好和选择框架。方法:调查采用多阶段抽样技术;对研究县/生态位进行系统选择,对研究人群(仅限水稻种植者)采取有目的抽样方法,并对第n次发生的受访者进行系统随机抽样。通过半结构化问卷和对稻米价值链主要参与者的关键信息提供者访谈来收集数据;包括作为生产者的农民、消费者、农业推广服务提供者(aesp)和其他利益相关者。我们使用半结构化问卷访问了137名个人受访者,而主要信息提供者访问了29名aesp。数据分析的重点是探索农民种植的品种,以及他们是否有选择种植品种和种子来源的标准或模式。结果表明:Kwale水稻生长生态位具有较高的水稻品种多样性(超过12个品种),而Taita-Taveta仅有7个左右的常见品种。与Taita-Taveta相比,Kwale更传统地种植水稻,面积小,产量低。在夸莱常见的品种有Pachanga、Supa、Kitumbo、Makonde和Kibawa,而在日本Taita-Taveta常见的品种有Supa和Hybrid 6444(患病率分别为夸莱的44.8%、25.4%、22.4%、20.9%和17.9%,Taita-Taveta分别为55.7%、54.3%和18.6%)。Kwale农民种植的品种有着悠久的种子回收历史,其特点是生产力低(每英亩不到690公斤),而且与Taita-Taveta相比,其本质上是自给自足的。在两个(Kwale和Taita)种植生态位中,品种流行的总体情况是,农民主要依靠传统的(自己保存的、农民对农民的交换或市场)种子系统来再生水稻品种。作为生产者和消费者的农民品种选择在土地资源配置中表现出一种理性的传递行为。对理论、实践和政策的贡献:该研究提供了证据,表明迫切需要采取战略干预措施,通过由农场研究人员主导的优质水稻品种示范、农艺实践以及投入补贴和可持续市场联系来改善生产系统。建议组建农民生产者团体,并为拥有稻米认证种子和碾磨厂的团体提供战略便利,作为改善稻米销售和提高生产力的积极推动因素。
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引用次数: 0
IMPACT OF THE INVASIVE CUSCUTA CAMPESTRIS ON VEGETATIVE COVER AND PLANT BIODIVERSITY IN HOMA- BAY COUNTY 入侵山毛榉对霍马湾县植被覆盖和植物多样性的影响
Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.47604/ija.1423
Orwah Akoth, O. Owuor, D. Nyamai
Purpose: This research paper focused on the impact of Cuscuta campestris on vegetative cover and plant biodiversity in Homa-Bay County. The specific objective was to investigate the impact on plant growth and development with indicator as photosynthetic capacity of preferred host plants and chlorophyll content and leaf weight as the parameters. Methodology: The study was conducted in hot-spot areas of invasion, Rachuonyo North, Homa Bay town and Suba North using Completely Randomized Experimental Block Design. The data was collected through field observation and laboratory analysis. The study used descriptive and correlation data analysis procedures to show the impact on photosynthetic capacity, ANOVA to determine statistical significant difference among the obtained results for each parameter of the infected and uninfected samples. Variance analysis were conducted using SPSS 20 (IBM Corp. Armonk, NY, USA) and differences between means tested by ANOVA. Values of P ≤ 0.05 were considered significantly different. Findings: The results showed that the invasion was more intense in Theveta peruvinia and Euphorbia tirucalli species. Mean leaf amounts of chlorophyll were observed to decline with chlorophyll a from 3.97 to 1.59 mg/g and chlorophyll b from 2.65 to 1.18 mg/g and total chlorophyll value from 6.62 to 2.76 mg/g on infection resulting to reduced photosynthetic efficiency and low organic material formation. Leaf wet and dry weight significantly decreased in both infected varieties. The mean wet weight of 17.61g in infected was significantly different, F (1, 4) = 235.74, p< .05, from the mean wet weight of 24.23g in the uninfected Yellow Oleander while the mean dry weight of 5.55g in infected was significantly different, F (1, 4) = 159.72, p< .05, from mean dry weight of 7.87g in uninfected Yellow Oleander. Similarly, significant difference, F (1, 4) = 714.64, p< .05, was observed in Calliandra calothyrsus variety. These demonstrated how C. campestris is detrimental causing ecological impacts with direct effects on plant biodiversity by reducing growth and development of infected host plant and even leading to death. Unique Contributions to Theory, Practice and Policy: The paper recommends intense sensitization of the community on the impacts of dodder from the findings for an enhanced understanding and need for management and control. The findings to be disseminated through workshops involving farmers, NGOs and community based organisations, academic conferences and publications to help create awareness on the impacts and mobilize the entire public on management and possible total eradication. Further research to investigate on nutrients of attraction in the preferred host plants with an aim of permanent solution for total eradication in order to restore the vegetative cover and plant biodiversity.
目的:研究山茱萸(Cuscuta campestris)对霍马湾县植被覆盖和植物多样性的影响。具体目的是以首选寄主植物的光合能力为指标,以叶绿素含量和叶片重为参数,研究其对植物生长发育的影响。方法:采用完全随机实验块设计,在入侵热点地区Rachuonyo北部、Homa Bay镇和Suba北部进行研究。数据是通过实地观察和实验室分析收集的。研究采用描述性和相关性数据分析程序显示对光合能力的影响,方差分析确定感染和未感染样品各参数的所得结果具有统计学显著性差异。方差分析采用SPSS 20 (IBM Corp. Armonk, NY, USA),方差分析采用方差分析。P≤0.05认为差异有统计学意义。结果:黄花菜和大戟的入侵程度较强。叶片平均叶绿素含量下降,叶绿素a从3.97降至1.59 mg/g,叶绿素b从2.65降至1.18 mg/g,总叶绿素值从6.62降至2.76 mg/g,导致光合效率降低,有机物形成减少。叶片湿重和干重均显著降低。染病黄夹竹桃平均湿重17.61g与未染病黄夹竹桃平均湿重24.23g有显著差异,F (1,4) = 235.74, p< 0.05;染病黄夹竹桃平均干重5.55g与未染病黄夹竹桃平均干重7.87g有显著差异,F (1,4) = 159.72, p< 0.05。同样,花萼花萼品种间差异显著,F (1,4) = 714.64, p< 0.05。这些都证明了campestris是如何有害的,通过减少被感染的寄主植物的生长发育,甚至导致死亡,对植物的生物多样性产生直接影响。对理论、实践和政策的独特贡献:本文建议加强社区对菟丝子影响的敏感性,以增强对管理和控制的理解和需求。调查结果将通过农民、非政府组织和社区组织参加的讲习班、学术会议和出版物传播,以帮助提高对影响的认识,并动员整个公众对管理和可能的完全根除进行关注。进一步研究首选寄主植物的吸引营养物质,以期永久解决完全根除的问题,以恢复植被覆盖和植物生物多样性。
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引用次数: 0
Development of IoT Based Smart Irrigation System with Programmable Logic Controller 基于物联网的可编程控制器智能灌溉系统的开发
Pub Date : 2021-06-27 DOI: 10.20956/IJAS.V9I1.2909
Ivony Hari, Elita Rahmarestya, H. Harsono
Smart irrigation system is an automatic irrigation and monitoring system on agricultural land with a sensor, automation, and control technology based on the Internet of Things (IoT). This system can reduce the agricultural activities that were previously performed manually into an automatic system with a reduced human supervision. Smart Irrigation systems that are widely developed used Arduino as the controller. Arduino still lacks in response, low durability, and sensitivity to temperature change, hence requiring frequent maintenance to avoid weather disturbances, insects, and others. This paper presents a development of a smart irrigation system using a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) as the controller and a soil moisture sensor as a humidity condition measurement tool. The advantage of using PLC as a controller is more stable and has sensor compatibility with higher accuracy. Hence the results are more consistent and accurate. The PLC system is expandable, allowing for the inclusion of more channels for sensors and other measurement instruments. The developed system can collect data on soil moisture conditions, trigger valves, and perform auto irrigation using sprinklers, reducing or even eliminating the need for human intervention. The IoT collects data from sensors and updates the data into a database system, allowing users to monitor the land conditions in real-time. The developed system was predicted to save manpower (20%) and water usage (42.47%) compared to the conventional method. Keywords : Smart Irrigation; IoT; PLC; Moisture Sensor; Sprinkler
智能灌溉系统是一种基于物联网(IoT)的传感器、自动化和控制技术的农业用地自动灌溉和监测系统。该系统可以将以前手工执行的农业活动减少到减少人工监督的自动系统中。广泛开发的智能灌溉系统使用Arduino作为控制器。Arduino仍然缺乏响应,耐久性低,对温度变化敏感,因此需要经常维护以避免天气干扰,昆虫等。本文介绍了一种以可编程控制器(PLC)为控制器,土壤湿度传感器为湿度测量工具的智能灌溉系统的开发。使用PLC作为控制器的优点是更稳定,具有更高精度的传感器兼容性。因此,结果更加一致和准确。PLC系统是可扩展的,允许包含更多的通道传感器和其他测量仪器。开发的系统可以收集土壤湿度条件的数据,触发阀,并使用洒水装置进行自动灌溉,减少甚至消除了人工干预的需要。物联网从传感器收集数据,并将数据更新到数据库系统,允许用户实时监控土地状况。与传统方法相比,开发的系统预计可节省人力(20%)和用水量(42.47%)。关键词:智能灌溉;物联网;PLC;湿度传感器;喷水灭火系统
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引用次数: 0
Ornamental Plant’s Potentials of Indonesian Native Rubiaceae Collected in Cibodas Botanical Garden Cibodas植物园印尼茜草科植物观赏潜力
Pub Date : 2021-06-27 DOI: 10.20956/IJAS.V9I1.2718
D. M. Putri, D. Junaedi, R. Hendrian
Cibodas Botanical Garden (CBG) is an ex-situ plant conservation institution, maintaining living collection from various taxa including Rubiaceae.  Most of Rubiaceae ornamental plants are introduced  species with regard to their  attractive characters.  However, introduced species of ornamental plants is one of significant global plant invasion pathways.  The aims of this research was  to conduct inventory study of CBG’s Rubiaceae collection, to determine native and introduced species, and to bring out CBG’s native Rubiaceae potential as ornamental plants. The research was divided into two methods, field study and literature study .  Field study was conducted by making inventory of Rubiaceae living collections and plant morphology observations. Literature study was conducted by  obtaining data of plant distributions, utilization as ornamental plants, and also comparing domesticated species with CBG’s living collections.  Results showed that  CBG has collected 20 genera, 50 species and 116 specimens of Rubiaceae as living collections. There are 22 native species, 15 introduced species and 13 species that can not be determined. There are 5 species commonly utilized and cultivated as ornamental plants, 8 species are not known for their aesthetic characters but has potential as ornamental plants. These species are Gardenia pterocalyx Valeton, Hypobathrum frutescens Blume, H. racemosum (Roxb.) Kurz, Mycetia cauliflora Reinw., Pavetta montana Reinw. Ex Blume, Psychotria angulata Korth, P. montana Blume, and Wendlandia densiflora (Blume) DC.  This study demonstrated that there is a promising potential from these lesser-known native Rubiaceae species for ornamental use.  CBG should conduct more research about native species’s potential as ornamental plants .
Cibodas植物园(CBG)是一个迁地植物保护机构,保存着包括茜草科在内的各种分类群的活体标本。茜草科的观赏植物大多因其吸引人的特性而被引种。然而,观赏植物的引种是全球植物入侵的重要途径之一。本研究的目的是对CBG的茜草科植物进行清查研究,确定本地和引种物种,并发挥CBG的本地茜草科作为观赏植物的潜力。本研究分为田野调查和文献研究两种方法。通过对茜草科植物活体标本的清点和植物形态的观察,进行了野外研究。通过获取植物分布、作为观赏植物的利用数据,并将驯化物种与CBG的活体收藏进行比较,进行了文献研究。结果表明,CBG已采集茜草科20属50种116个标本作为活体标本。有22个本土物种,15个引进物种和13个无法确定的物种。观赏植物常用栽培有5种,其中8种虽不具观赏性,但具有观赏潜力。这些物种是Gardenia pterocalyx Valeton、Hypobathrum frutescens Blume、H.racemosum(Roxb.)Kurz、Mycetia cauliflora Reinw.、。,帕维塔·蒙塔纳雷诺。Ex Blume、Psychotria angulata Korth、P.montana Blume和Wendlandia denciflora(Blume)DC。这项研究表明,这些鲜为人知的本地茜草科物种具有很好的观赏潜力。CBG应该对本地物种作为观赏植物的潜力进行更多的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Cadastral level Soil and Water conservation Priority Zonation using Geospatial technology 利用地理空间技术进行地籍级水土保持优先区划
Pub Date : 2021-06-27 DOI: 10.20956/IJAS.V9I1.2434
Jeanine Joy, S. Kanga, S. Singh, Sudhanshu Sudhanshu
Water is the most precious commodity that human being wanted, nowadays water is depleting due to several human interventions. In Kerala state, even though high rainfall is received, still water scarcity is faced during summer and soil erosion is higher. This watershed area is prone to water scarcity during the summer season and stream network become dry during that period. This clearly indicates that human interventions and unscientific agricultural activities may be the result. In this, study GIS and RS technologies are used to find and map the Soil and water conservation priority zones, also several action Plans where proposed. SOI Topo sheet were used to digitize the contours and DEM was created using that with ArcGIS 10.2.2 software. LULC maps were digitized from satellite image and using other parameters and suitable weight values, the weighted overlay was done to find out the Priority Zones. Cadastral Plot boundaries were overlaid for plot-wise priority zones and several conservation methods like gully plugin, check dams, vegetation bund etc. were proposed.
水是人类想要的最宝贵的商品,如今由于人类的一些干预,水正在枯竭。在喀拉拉邦,尽管降雨量很大,但夏季仍然面临缺水问题,土壤侵蚀也更严重。该流域在夏季容易缺水,河流网络在此期间变得干燥。这清楚地表明,结果可能是人为干预和不科学的农业活动。在本研究中,利用GIS和RS技术寻找和绘制了水土保持优先区,并提出了若干行动计划。利用SOI Topo sheet对等高线进行数字化处理,并利用ArcGIS 10.2.2软件建立DEM。利用卫星影像数字化LULC地图,利用其他参数和合适的权值,进行加权叠加,找出优先区域。地籍地块边界被覆盖为地块优先区域,并提出了几种保护方法,如沟槽插件、堤防、植被堤防等。
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引用次数: 6
期刊
International Journal of Agriculture System
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