Pub Date : 2024-06-11DOI: 10.21005/asp.2023.22.2.02
P. Guliński
The aim of the study was to assess the impact of varied levels of milk protein and urea content on selected milk production traits of Polish Holstein-Friesian cows. The research included 34,397 data sets related to daily milk production of Polish Holstein-Friesian cows. These animals were kept in 15 cattle herds located in the Mazovian and Podlasie voivodeships. In the first stage of the research, the animals were differentiated based on the level of urea in their milk and the percentage of protein. According to the adopted assumptions, the energy and protein balance level of feed rations was determined based on the concentration of urea and protein in the milk. Due to the level of urea, three cow groups were distinguished: <150, 150–250, and >250 mg · L-1. Depending on the concentration of protein in the milk, the following three groups of animals were determined: <3.2%, 3.2–3.6%, and >3.6%. The assessment of the impact of varied energy and protein balance levels in feed rations on selected milk production traits of cows was conducted in subsequent lactation periods, production level and fat to protein (F/P) groups. Four lactation periods were distinguished, which covered successive months of lactation: 1–3, 4–6, 7–10, and 11–18, three production groups, determined based on the following levels of daily milk yield: <20, 20–30, and >30 kg and as well three groups of cows with different F/P ratio in milk were distinguished: <1.2, 1.2–1.6, >1.6. In the next stage of the study, a detailed assessment was conducted on the impact of varied levels of energy and protein balance in feed rations on the analyzed milk production traits. The analyzed population of cows was divided into 9 groups based on the level of urea content (mg · L-1) and protein concentration (%), with varying levels of coverage of the protein and energy requirements of cows. The interdependencies between milk performance traits of cows fed diets with balanced levels of energy and protein and their peers, for whom the nutritional diets were differentiated based on energy-protein balance, were determined using Pearson correlation coefficients and linear regression. When assessing the energy supply of cows, the study showed that too low energy levels in diets lead to a decrease in the chemical composition of milk, while too high levels lead to a decrease in milk yield compared to peers fed optimally balanced diets. Milk from cows with inadequate energy and protein nutrition contained less fat and protein by 0.54% and 0.59%, respectively, compared to milk from cows fed optimally. On the other hand, excessive energy supply was accompanied by an increase in fat (+0.66%) and protein (+0.57%) concentration with a decrease in daily milk yield (-4,1 kg). When evaluating the level of protein coverage for cows, the study showed that an excess of protein in feed led to an increase in urea levels in milk. The level of urea in milk from cows fed with excess protein in their feed (>250 mg · L-1 and <3
{"title":"The effect of different content of protein and urea in milk, as biomarkers of energy-protein balance of food rations, on the level of selected milk performance characteristics of Polish Holstein-Friesian cows","authors":"P. Guliński","doi":"10.21005/asp.2023.22.2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21005/asp.2023.22.2.02","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to assess the impact of varied levels of milk protein and urea content on selected milk production traits of Polish Holstein-Friesian cows. The research included 34,397 data sets related to daily milk production of Polish Holstein-Friesian cows. These animals were kept in 15 cattle herds located in the Mazovian and Podlasie voivodeships. In the first stage of the research, the animals were differentiated based on the level of urea in their milk and the percentage of protein. According to the adopted assumptions, the energy and protein balance level of feed rations was determined based on the concentration of urea and protein in the milk. Due to the level of urea, three cow groups were distinguished: <150, 150–250, and >250 mg · L-1. Depending on the concentration of protein in the milk, the following three groups of animals were determined: <3.2%, 3.2–3.6%, and >3.6%. The assessment of the impact of varied energy and protein balance levels in feed rations on selected milk production traits of cows was conducted in subsequent lactation periods, production level and fat to protein (F/P) groups. Four lactation periods were distinguished, which covered successive months of lactation: 1–3, 4–6, 7–10, and 11–18, three production groups, determined based on the following levels of daily milk yield: <20, 20–30, and >30 kg and as well three groups of cows with different F/P ratio in milk were distinguished: <1.2, 1.2–1.6, >1.6. In the next stage of the study, a detailed assessment was conducted on the impact of varied levels of energy and protein balance in feed rations on the analyzed milk production traits. The analyzed population of cows was divided into 9 groups based on the level of urea content (mg · L-1) and protein concentration (%), with varying levels of coverage of the protein and energy requirements of cows. The interdependencies between milk performance traits of cows fed diets with balanced levels of energy and protein and their peers, for whom the nutritional diets were differentiated based on energy-protein balance, were determined using Pearson correlation coefficients and linear regression. When assessing the energy supply of cows, the study showed that too low energy levels in diets lead to a decrease in the chemical composition of milk, while too high levels lead to a decrease in milk yield compared to peers fed optimally balanced diets. Milk from cows with inadequate energy and protein nutrition contained less fat and protein by 0.54% and 0.59%, respectively, compared to milk from cows fed optimally. On the other hand, excessive energy supply was accompanied by an increase in fat (+0.66%) and protein (+0.57%) concentration with a decrease in daily milk yield (-4,1 kg). When evaluating the level of protein coverage for cows, the study showed that an excess of protein in feed led to an increase in urea levels in milk. The level of urea in milk from cows fed with excess protein in their feed (>250 mg · L-1 and <3","PeriodicalId":30932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Zootechnica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141360670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-11DOI: 10.21005/asp.2023.22.2.05
S. Socha, Dorota Elżbieta Weremczuk, D. Kołodziejczyk
In the study, the variability of reproductive traits (the number of born and weaned young) and the efficiency of breeding work were assessed and estimated in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus L. 1758) of the Popielno White and Termond White breeds. Phenotypic trends of reproductive traits were estimated over a period of ten years in farms included in the analysis. The research material included data on the performance of 1836 female rabbits of the Termond White breed and 1237 female rabbits of the Popielno White breed, maintained on reproductive farms over a period of ten years. Analysis of variance for reproductive traits showed that sources of variability (farm, calendar year, and breed) had a statistically significant impact on the number of born and weaned rabbits. The average litter size obtained from female Termond White rabbits ranged from 2.89 to 3.54 within one year. For female Popielno White rabbits, this average was 3.44. The average number of born and weaned kits per litter during the analyzed period was 8.99 and 8.29, respectively. The reproductive results obtained regarding the number of born and weaned rabbits can be considered very good. The phenotypic trend line for the number of born and raised rabbits of the white Popielno breed showed an increasing tendency, while in the case of rabbits of the white Termond breed, it exhibited a decreasing trend. Clear fluctuations in the number of born and raised rabbit kits in the Termond white breed throughout the research period indicate the need to improve the reproductive traits of this breed through intensified selection. In the light of our own research, it can be stated that rabbit breeding in both farms is conducted properly, and the obtained results are satisfactory.
在这项研究中，对 Popielno White 和 Termond White 品种的家兔（Oryctolagus cuniculus L. 1758）繁殖性状（出生和断奶幼兔数量）的变异性和育种工作的效率进行了评估和估计。对参与分析的养殖场十年间繁殖性状的表型趋势进行了估计。研究材料包括在繁殖农场饲养的 1836 只 Termond White 品种母兔和 1237 只 Popielno White 品种母兔十年间的表现数据。繁殖性状的方差分析显示，变异源（农场、日历年和品种）对出生兔和断奶兔的数量有显著的统计学影响。雌性 Termond 白兔一年内的平均产仔数从 2.89 只到 3.54 只不等。雌性 Popielno 白兔的平均产仔数为 3.44 只。在分析期间，每窝出生和断奶仔兔的平均数量分别为 8.99 只和 8.29 只。在产仔数和断奶数方面取得的繁殖结果非常好。Popielno 白兔品种的产仔数和育成兔的表型趋势线呈上升趋势，而 Termond 白兔品种的产仔数和育成兔的表型趋势线呈下降趋势。在整个研究期间，Termond 白兔品种的产仔数明显波动，这表明需要通过加强选育来改善该品种的繁殖特性。根据我们自己的研究，可以说两个农场的家兔饲养工作都进行得很好，取得了令人满意的结果。
{"title":"Analysis of variability in reproductive traits and breeding efficiency in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus L. 1758) of the Popielno White and Termond White breeds","authors":"S. Socha, Dorota Elżbieta Weremczuk, D. Kołodziejczyk","doi":"10.21005/asp.2023.22.2.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21005/asp.2023.22.2.05","url":null,"abstract":"In the study, the variability of reproductive traits (the number of born and weaned young) and the efficiency of breeding work were assessed and estimated in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus L. 1758) of the Popielno White and Termond White breeds. Phenotypic trends of reproductive traits were estimated over a period of ten years in farms included in the analysis. The research material included data on the performance of 1836 female rabbits of the Termond White breed and 1237 female rabbits of the Popielno White breed, maintained on reproductive farms over a period of ten years. Analysis of variance for reproductive traits showed that sources of variability (farm, calendar year, and breed) had a statistically significant impact on the number of born and weaned rabbits. The average litter size obtained from female Termond White rabbits ranged from 2.89 to 3.54 within one year. For female Popielno White rabbits, this average was 3.44. The average number of born and weaned kits per litter during the analyzed period was 8.99 and 8.29, respectively. The reproductive results obtained regarding the number of born and weaned rabbits can be considered very good. The phenotypic trend line for the number of born and raised rabbits of the white Popielno breed showed an increasing tendency, while in the case of rabbits of the white Termond breed, it exhibited a decreasing trend. Clear fluctuations in the number of born and raised rabbit kits in the Termond white breed throughout the research period indicate the need to improve the reproductive traits of this breed through intensified selection. In the light of our own research, it can be stated that rabbit breeding in both farms is conducted properly, and the obtained results are satisfactory.","PeriodicalId":30932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Zootechnica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141360243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-11DOI: 10.21005/asp.2023.22.2.01
Piotr Stanek, P. Domaradzki, P. Żółkiewski, M. Florek, Ewa Januś, Marek Kowalczyk
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the genotype and ageing time on pH, water holding capacity, shear force and energy, and the myofibrillar index of m. longissimus lumborum and m. semitendinosus muscles in semi-intensively fed bulls. Carcass value indices and the chemical composition of the muscles depending on the genetic group were assessed as well. The study involved 46 young bulls from four genetic groups, i.e. the Hereford breed (HER, 8 bulls), the Limousin breed (LIM, 8 bulls), commercial cross-breeds (MT, 14 bulls), and the Polish Black-and-White Holstein-Friesian breed (PHF, 16 bulls). The analyses showed that the semi-intensive fattening system ensures production of carcasses with satisfactory slaughter yield and quality parameters (good musculature and moderate fatness). The best quality parameters were determined in the meat from the LIM and MT young bulls, whereas the poorest results were exhibited by the PHF beef. The ageing time had a positive effect on the meat quality parameters (especially tenderness and color), contributing to a significant reduction in the differences between the genotypes observed in the initial postmortem period. The results of the shear force and myofibrillar index, i.e. parameters of meat tenderness, suggest that a 14-day ageing period seems to be the necessary minimum. This period should even be extended in the case of the LL muscle of HER and PHF young bulls or the ST muscle of HER, MT, and PHF young bulls. Further research with consumer assessment is therefore advisable to determine the optimal ageing time of beef produced in the country.
{"title":"Effect of the genotype and ageing time on physicochemical parameters of skeletal muscles in young bulls fattened in a semi intensive system","authors":"Piotr Stanek, P. Domaradzki, P. Żółkiewski, M. Florek, Ewa Januś, Marek Kowalczyk","doi":"10.21005/asp.2023.22.2.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21005/asp.2023.22.2.01","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the genotype and ageing time on pH, water holding capacity, shear force and energy, and the myofibrillar index of m. longissimus lumborum and m. semitendinosus muscles in semi-intensively fed bulls. Carcass value indices and the chemical composition of the muscles depending on the genetic group were assessed as well. The study involved 46 young bulls from four genetic groups, i.e. the Hereford breed (HER, 8 bulls), the Limousin breed (LIM, 8 bulls), commercial cross-breeds (MT, 14 bulls), and the Polish Black-and-White Holstein-Friesian breed (PHF, 16 bulls). The analyses showed that the semi-intensive fattening system ensures production of carcasses with satisfactory slaughter yield and quality parameters (good musculature and moderate fatness). The best quality parameters were determined in the meat from the LIM and MT young bulls, whereas the poorest results were exhibited by the PHF beef. The ageing time had a positive effect on the meat quality parameters (especially tenderness and color), contributing to a significant reduction in the differences between the genotypes observed in the initial postmortem period. The results of the shear force and myofibrillar index, i.e. parameters of meat tenderness, suggest that a 14-day ageing period seems to be the necessary minimum. This period should even be extended in the case of the LL muscle of HER and PHF young bulls or the ST muscle of HER, MT, and PHF young bulls. Further research with consumer assessment is therefore advisable to determine the optimal ageing time of beef produced in the country.","PeriodicalId":30932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Zootechnica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141357915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-11DOI: 10.21005/asp.2023.22.2.03
Wiesław Skrzypczak, Roman Szymeczko, Katarzyna Wiśniewska-Kwaśnik, Anna Piątek
The Arctic fox (Alopex lagopus, L. 1758) is maintained in captivity for breeding purposes due to the high quality of its winter fur. The success of breeding these animals depends primarily on their health, which determines high reproductive rates, low neonatal mortality and proper development of young animals. A prerequisite for maintaining good health is the maintenance of a constant internal environment, especially water-electrolyte and acid-base homeostasis. Sodium, potassium and chloride are the main electrolytes affecting volemia and osmolality of body fluids. In the current study, the results regarding the renal capacity of six-month-old foxes to regulate sodium, potassium, and chloride levels are presented, considering the sex of these animals. It has been shown that the concentration of sodium, potassium, and chloride in the blood serum of six-month-old polar foxes, as well as the osmotic pressure of the blood serum, were within the upper limits of physiological normal range. Higher concentrations of sodium and potassium were observed in males of these animals. Nonetheless, the results indicated efficient regulation of blood electrolyte homeostasis, both in females and males.
{"title":"Effectiveness of blood electrolyte homeostasis regulation in polar foxes (Alopex lagopus, Linnaeus 1758)","authors":"Wiesław Skrzypczak, Roman Szymeczko, Katarzyna Wiśniewska-Kwaśnik, Anna Piątek","doi":"10.21005/asp.2023.22.2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21005/asp.2023.22.2.03","url":null,"abstract":"The Arctic fox (Alopex lagopus, L. 1758) is maintained in captivity for breeding purposes due to the high quality of its winter fur. The success of breeding these animals depends primarily on their health, which determines high reproductive rates, low neonatal mortality and proper development of young animals. A prerequisite for maintaining good health is the maintenance of a constant internal environment, especially water-electrolyte and acid-base homeostasis. Sodium, potassium and chloride are the main electrolytes affecting volemia and osmolality of body fluids. In the current study, the results regarding the renal capacity of six-month-old foxes to regulate sodium, potassium, and chloride levels are presented, considering the sex of these animals. It has been shown that the concentration of sodium, potassium, and chloride in the blood serum of six-month-old polar foxes, as well as the osmotic pressure of the blood serum, were within the upper limits of physiological normal range. Higher concentrations of sodium and potassium were observed in males of these animals. Nonetheless, the results indicated efficient regulation of blood electrolyte homeostasis, both in females and males.","PeriodicalId":30932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Zootechnica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141358489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-11DOI: 10.21005/asp.2023.22.2.04
Aleksandra Barańska, Krzysztof Głowacz, M. Bogdaszewski, Ż. Steiner-Bogdaszewska, Marcin Świątek
The aim of the study was to estimate antler parameters (mass, volume, density) of fallow deer (Dama dama) kept in in the Research Station of the Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kosewo Górne. The study involved 25 stags divided into 4 age groups: 2 years old (n=4); 3 years old (n=4); 4 years old (n=12); 5 years old (n=5). Antlers were cut before rutting when animals already rubbed velvet off. The analyses showed the significant differences in the mass and volume between age groups. Mass and volume increase with age while density was levelled.
{"title":"Characteristics of selected parameters of antlers of the farmed fallow deer (Dama dama) in Poland","authors":"Aleksandra Barańska, Krzysztof Głowacz, M. Bogdaszewski, Ż. Steiner-Bogdaszewska, Marcin Świątek","doi":"10.21005/asp.2023.22.2.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21005/asp.2023.22.2.04","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to estimate antler parameters (mass, volume, density) of fallow deer (Dama dama) kept in in the Research Station of the Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kosewo Górne. The study involved 25 stags divided into 4 age groups: 2 years old (n=4); 3 years old (n=4); 4 years old (n=12); 5 years old (n=5). Antlers were cut before rutting when animals already rubbed velvet off. The analyses showed the significant differences in the mass and volume between age groups. Mass and volume increase with age while density was levelled.","PeriodicalId":30932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Zootechnica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141359477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-18DOI: 10.21005/asp.2023.22.1.02
Anna Stanisławczyk, Aleksandra Rączka, Katarzyna Wojdak-Maksymiec
Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland which occurs as a defensive reaction to microorganisms that have penetrated the body. The disease generates huge financial and economic losses as treatment of affected cows is expensive but not always effective, which translates into a decrease in the amount of milk that they produce. Due to the huge number of pathogens and their molecular diversity, the immune system has developed various mechanisms to combat them. What raises hopes for improved udder health is marker assisted selection (MAS) or genomic selection. The molecular diversity of microbes allows them to be considered genetic markers, and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are suitable candidates. TLRs recognize infectious agents and trigger mechanisms to combat them, including by the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and interferons. Due to the role these receptors play in the body, TLR-encoding genes may be associated with bovine mastitis resistance.
{"title":"Association studies between polymorphic variants of TLR-encoding genes and mastitis in dairy cattle. An overview of the current state of knowledge","authors":"Anna Stanisławczyk, Aleksandra Rączka, Katarzyna Wojdak-Maksymiec","doi":"10.21005/asp.2023.22.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21005/asp.2023.22.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland which occurs as a defensive reaction to microorganisms that have penetrated the body. The disease generates huge financial and economic losses as treatment of affected cows is expensive but not always effective, which translates into a decrease in the amount of milk that they produce. Due to the huge number of pathogens and their molecular diversity, the immune system has developed various mechanisms to combat them. What raises hopes for improved udder health is marker assisted selection (MAS) or genomic selection. The molecular diversity of microbes allows them to be considered genetic markers, and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are suitable candidates. TLRs recognize infectious agents and trigger mechanisms to combat them, including by the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and interferons. Due to the role these receptors play in the body, TLR-encoding genes may be associated with bovine mastitis resistance.","PeriodicalId":30932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Zootechnica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135889581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-18DOI: 10.21005/asp.2023.22.1.04
Mariusz Bogucki, Monika Bogusławska-Tryk, Magdalena Stanek, Iwona Kuropatwińska, Jozef Bujko
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the type of milk replacer on the production results of calf rearing and hematological and biochemical parameters of their blood. Calves (heifers) of the Polish Holstein-Friesian breed, divided into two groups of 18 animals each, were maintained and fed equally, except for milk replacers used from the 31st to the 90th day of calf life. Group A received milk replacer based on skimmed milk powder, and group B received milk replacer based on whey powder. Production parameters were calculated and hematological and biochemical blood indices were determined. Better calf rearing results were found when the formula A was used. Calves, despite a lower initial weight at 30 days of age, reached a higher final weight at 90 days of rearing. There was a significantly higher number of leukocytes and erythrocytes in the blood of gorup A clves, whereas in group B there was a higher average red blood cell volume and average weight of hemoglobin in a red blood cell. In addition, there were significant differences in the levels of total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol in the blood of calves fed different milk replacers (P ≤ 0.05).
{"title":"Effect of milk replacer on calf rearing performance and hematological and biochemical blood indices","authors":"Mariusz Bogucki, Monika Bogusławska-Tryk, Magdalena Stanek, Iwona Kuropatwińska, Jozef Bujko","doi":"10.21005/asp.2023.22.1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21005/asp.2023.22.1.04","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the type of milk replacer on the production results of calf rearing and hematological and biochemical parameters of their blood. Calves (heifers) of the Polish Holstein-Friesian breed, divided into two groups of 18 animals each, were maintained and fed equally, except for milk replacers used from the 31st to the 90th day of calf life. Group A received milk replacer based on skimmed milk powder, and group B received milk replacer based on whey powder. Production parameters were calculated and hematological and biochemical blood indices were determined. Better calf rearing results were found when the formula A was used. Calves, despite a lower initial weight at 30 days of age, reached a higher final weight at 90 days of rearing. There was a significantly higher number of leukocytes and erythrocytes in the blood of gorup A clves, whereas in group B there was a higher average red blood cell volume and average weight of hemoglobin in a red blood cell. In addition, there were significant differences in the levels of total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol in the blood of calves fed different milk replacers (P ≤ 0.05).","PeriodicalId":30932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Zootechnica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135889321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-18DOI: 10.21005/asp.2023.22.1.03
Hanna Jankowiak, Aleksandra Cebulska, Gabriella Novotni-Dankó, Péter Balogh, Anna Zmudzińska
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of age on the fattening performance qualities and carcasses slaughter value. The assessment covered 99 crossbred pigs (Danish Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc). The animals were subdivided into two groups with different slaughter age (159 and 169 days). The assessment covered fattening and post-slaughter characteristics. It has been proven that, at slaughter, younger crossbred pigs showed a higher growth rate than older pigs (P < 0.01). In addition, the former were fattened for a shorter period and consumed less feed across the entire fattening period as well as per 1 kg of gain. Carcasses of pigs older at slaughter were characterised by greater warm carcass weight and height of the loin muscle relative to group I carcasses (P < 0.01). Slaughter value of fatteners from both groups studied was very high, as each of the carcasses under assessment was classified under the most valuable categories S, E, and U.
{"title":"Growth rate and carcass quality of hybrid fatteners depending on the age of slaughter","authors":"Hanna Jankowiak, Aleksandra Cebulska, Gabriella Novotni-Dankó, Péter Balogh, Anna Zmudzińska","doi":"10.21005/asp.2023.22.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21005/asp.2023.22.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of age on the fattening performance qualities and carcasses slaughter value. The assessment covered 99 crossbred pigs (Danish Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc). The animals were subdivided into two groups with different slaughter age (159 and 169 days). The assessment covered fattening and post-slaughter characteristics. It has been proven that, at slaughter, younger crossbred pigs showed a higher growth rate than older pigs (P < 0.01). In addition, the former were fattened for a shorter period and consumed less feed across the entire fattening period as well as per 1 kg of gain. Carcasses of pigs older at slaughter were characterised by greater warm carcass weight and height of the loin muscle relative to group I carcasses (P < 0.01). Slaughter value of fatteners from both groups studied was very high, as each of the carcasses under assessment was classified under the most valuable categories S, E, and U.","PeriodicalId":30932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Zootechnica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135889474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-18DOI: 10.21005/asp.2023.22.1.01
Artur Rybarczyk, Izabella Tobolska
For a large number of consumers today, primarily young ones, acceptance of a foodstuff such as meat is often linked to demands for appropriate conditions for the maintenance of productive animals, as well as proper protective treatment during transport and slaughter. The way in which commercial and slaughter animals are handled is being viewed more and more critically by the public. The increasing sensitivity of consumers to the fate of animals in recent years is also reflected in the emergence of new legislation. The quality of pork meat largely depends on how the animals are handled, and in particular on factors related to pre-slaughter marketing and the conditions of slaughter itself. During pre-slaughter marketing, the body of fattening animals and the quality of pork are particularly adversely affected by conditions during loading, transport, holding in the livestock warehouse, and slaughter. Carried out even under the best conditions, they induce a severe stress for pigs, resulting in significant reduction in the quantity and quality of meat.
{"title":"PRE-SLAUGHTER PIG WELFARE AND CARCASS AND MEAT QUALITY","authors":"Artur Rybarczyk, Izabella Tobolska","doi":"10.21005/asp.2023.22.1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21005/asp.2023.22.1.01","url":null,"abstract":"For a large number of consumers today, primarily young ones, acceptance of a foodstuff such as meat is often linked to demands for appropriate conditions for the maintenance of productive animals, as well as proper protective treatment during transport and slaughter. The way in which commercial and slaughter animals are handled is being viewed more and more critically by the public. The increasing sensitivity of consumers to the fate of animals in recent years is also reflected in the emergence of new legislation. The quality of pork meat largely depends on how the animals are handled, and in particular on factors related to pre-slaughter marketing and the conditions of slaughter itself. During pre-slaughter marketing, the body of fattening animals and the quality of pork are particularly adversely affected by conditions during loading, transport, holding in the livestock warehouse, and slaughter. Carried out even under the best conditions, they induce a severe stress for pigs, resulting in significant reduction in the quantity and quality of meat.","PeriodicalId":30932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Zootechnica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135889318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-18DOI: 10.21005/asp.2023.22.1.05
Ewa Januś, Piotr Sablik, Martyna Grzechnik
The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge of additives used in food in a random group of Polish consumers. It was based on the results of a consumer survey addressed to the inhabitants of Poland via the Internet. The questions in the survey concerned the knowledge and behaviour of respondents regarding food additives. The analysis showed that the respondents pay attention to additives used in food to a large extent, but their general knowledge on this subject is at an average level. Pro-health attitudes regarding the purchase of food without additives were most often shown by females and younger people and those with higher education and living in urban agglomerations. Since the survey did not confirm the respondents’ opinion about their extensive knowledge of additives used in food production, it should be assumed that this largely reflects the state of awareness in this area in a large part of society. Actions should be taken to educate the public about the use of additives in the food industry to raise awareness about the safety and scale of consumption of food additives.
{"title":"Consumer awareness of additives used on the food market","authors":"Ewa Januś, Piotr Sablik, Martyna Grzechnik","doi":"10.21005/asp.2023.22.1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21005/asp.2023.22.1.05","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge of additives used in food in a random group of Polish consumers. It was based on the results of a consumer survey addressed to the inhabitants of Poland via the Internet. The questions in the survey concerned the knowledge and behaviour of respondents regarding food additives. The analysis showed that the respondents pay attention to additives used in food to a large extent, but their general knowledge on this subject is at an average level. Pro-health attitudes regarding the purchase of food without additives were most often shown by females and younger people and those with higher education and living in urban agglomerations. Since the survey did not confirm the respondents’ opinion about their extensive knowledge of additives used in food production, it should be assumed that this largely reflects the state of awareness in this area in a large part of society. Actions should be taken to educate the public about the use of additives in the food industry to raise awareness about the safety and scale of consumption of food additives.","PeriodicalId":30932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Zootechnica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135889319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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