{"title":"Exciton-Plasmon Interactions between CdS Quantum Dots and Noble Metal Nanospheres in Aqueous Dispersion","authors":"I. López, Manuel Ceballos, I. Gómez","doi":"10.11159/icnnfc16.116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/icnnfc16.116","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31009,"journal":{"name":"RAN","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76882344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Role of the Substrate Surface Morphology and Physicochemical Properties for Molecular Transport in the Vicinal Water: Aspect of Continuity of Dynamic Hydrogen Bond Network","authors":"J. Nowak, J. Mościcki","doi":"10.11159/ICNNFC16.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/ICNNFC16.129","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31009,"journal":{"name":"RAN","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80339130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Extended Abstract Nanotechnology has brought drug delivery system into a brand new age---the appearance of Nano delivery system. It has been widely explored in different therapeutic areas. For oral protein delivery, the application of Nano delivery system is limited by the low transport efficiency through the epithelium in the small intestine. The efficient transport of nano delivery system through epithelium requires optimized surface characteristics and specific transport pathway. In this study, chitosan and alginate are chosen for making nanoparticles, as they are bioadhensive, biodegradable and can be modified for the surface modification. The pathway of nanoparticles go across the epithelium is designed to mimic the pathway of virus invasion in the body. Study has shown non-toxic form of pseudomonas exotoxin (nt-PE) can go across the polarized cells (epithelial cells) [1]. Our hypothesis is that the transport efficiency of alginate-chitosan nanoparticles through the epithelium can be increased after attaching nt-PE onto the surface. Alginate-chitosan nanoparticles were made by ion gelation, the particle size are in the size range of 210± 18 nm and the zeta potential is -7±3 mV. After attaching nt-PE onto nanoparticle surface, nanoparticles are in the size range of 192±17 nm, and the zeta potential is -10±4 mV. Nt-PE decorated nanoparticles are still in the spherical shape as indicated under Transmission Electron Microscope. This nano-delivery system was tested on Caco-2 cells, an in vitro model of the human intestinal epithelium. The transport efficiency of nt-PE modified nanoparticles are 2 fold more than the unmodified nanoparticles. Nt-PE modified nanoparticles have shown the potential to go across the epithelium. The in vivo transport study is undergoing.
{"title":"Increase alginate-chitosan nanoparticles transport efficiency through the epithelium by attaching nt-PE onto surface","authors":"Ruiying Li, P. D. Bank, R. Mrsny","doi":"10.11159/NDDTE16.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/NDDTE16.111","url":null,"abstract":"Extended Abstract Nanotechnology has brought drug delivery system into a brand new age---the appearance of Nano delivery system. It has been widely explored in different therapeutic areas. For oral protein delivery, the application of Nano delivery system is limited by the low transport efficiency through the epithelium in the small intestine. The efficient transport of nano delivery system through epithelium requires optimized surface characteristics and specific transport pathway. In this study, chitosan and alginate are chosen for making nanoparticles, as they are bioadhensive, biodegradable and can be modified for the surface modification. The pathway of nanoparticles go across the epithelium is designed to mimic the pathway of virus invasion in the body. Study has shown non-toxic form of pseudomonas exotoxin (nt-PE) can go across the polarized cells (epithelial cells) [1]. Our hypothesis is that the transport efficiency of alginate-chitosan nanoparticles through the epithelium can be increased after attaching nt-PE onto the surface. Alginate-chitosan nanoparticles were made by ion gelation, the particle size are in the size range of 210± 18 nm and the zeta potential is -7±3 mV. After attaching nt-PE onto nanoparticle surface, nanoparticles are in the size range of 192±17 nm, and the zeta potential is -10±4 mV. Nt-PE decorated nanoparticles are still in the spherical shape as indicated under Transmission Electron Microscope. This nano-delivery system was tested on Caco-2 cells, an in vitro model of the human intestinal epithelium. The transport efficiency of nt-PE modified nanoparticles are 2 fold more than the unmodified nanoparticles. Nt-PE modified nanoparticles have shown the potential to go across the epithelium. The in vivo transport study is undergoing.","PeriodicalId":31009,"journal":{"name":"RAN","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88992215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is well known that bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) induces ectopic bone formation when the recombinant protein or BMP gene is transferred into the skeletal muscle. We developed a novel method for BMP gene transfer, which is combination with nonviral BMP gene expression vector and in vivo electroporation. Then, we applied this method to transfer BMP-2 gene into the skeletal muscles of rats and induced the ectopic bone formation in the target sites. We injected BMP gene expression vector, pCAGGS-BMP-2, in the skeletal muscles of rats and immediately electroporated under the conditions of 100 voltage, 50 msec., and 8 pulses. We found the ectopic bone formation in the skeletal muscles 21 days after BMP gene transfer. In the BMP family, BMP-2/4 or BMP-2/7 heterodimer has stronger potential for bone induction compared with BMP-2, BMP-4 or BMP-7 homodimer. Then, we constructed BMP-2/7 heterodimer produced vector: pCAGGS-BMP-2/7. It has no IRES site, therefore each of BMP-2 and BMP-7 gene expression is equal. When we injected pCAGGS-BMP-2/7 plasmid vector in the skeletal muscles and immediately performed in vivo electroporation, the ectopic bone formation was induced quickly on 10 days after gene transfer. For clinical application, we need more safe procedure on in vivo electroporation under the condition of lower voltage than 100 voltage. If we set the condition: 50 voltage and 8 pulses, the efficiency of gene transfer also reduced. But, when we induced pulse number, it recovered. We evaluated proper voltage and pulse number as the same gene transfer efficiency of 100 voltage. We tried to apply this gene transfer system for alveolar bone regeneration under the condition less 50 voltage. We often use bone prosthetic material and autogenous bone graft for alveolar bone defect caused by periodontal disease or trauma. But, these therapies sometimes have some risk for patients such as infection or fractures. Our developed gene therapy system for bone regeneration will be with more safety and with less burden on the patient.
{"title":"Gene Therapy for Bone Regeneration using Non-viral BMP Gene Expression Vector and in vivo Electroporation","authors":"M. Kawai, K. Ohura","doi":"10.11159/NDDTE16.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/NDDTE16.107","url":null,"abstract":"It is well known that bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) induces ectopic bone formation when the recombinant protein or BMP gene is transferred into the skeletal muscle. We developed a novel method for BMP gene transfer, which is combination with nonviral BMP gene expression vector and in vivo electroporation. Then, we applied this method to transfer BMP-2 gene into the skeletal muscles of rats and induced the ectopic bone formation in the target sites. We injected BMP gene expression vector, pCAGGS-BMP-2, in the skeletal muscles of rats and immediately electroporated under the conditions of 100 voltage, 50 msec., and 8 pulses. We found the ectopic bone formation in the skeletal muscles 21 days after BMP gene transfer. In the BMP family, BMP-2/4 or BMP-2/7 heterodimer has stronger potential for bone induction compared with BMP-2, BMP-4 or BMP-7 homodimer. Then, we constructed BMP-2/7 heterodimer produced vector: pCAGGS-BMP-2/7. It has no IRES site, therefore each of BMP-2 and BMP-7 gene expression is equal. When we injected pCAGGS-BMP-2/7 plasmid vector in the skeletal muscles and immediately performed in vivo electroporation, the ectopic bone formation was induced quickly on 10 days after gene transfer. For clinical application, we need more safe procedure on in vivo electroporation under the condition of lower voltage than 100 voltage. If we set the condition: 50 voltage and 8 pulses, the efficiency of gene transfer also reduced. But, when we induced pulse number, it recovered. We evaluated proper voltage and pulse number as the same gene transfer efficiency of 100 voltage. We tried to apply this gene transfer system for alveolar bone regeneration under the condition less 50 voltage. We often use bone prosthetic material and autogenous bone graft for alveolar bone defect caused by periodontal disease or trauma. But, these therapies sometimes have some risk for patients such as infection or fractures. Our developed gene therapy system for bone regeneration will be with more safety and with less burden on the patient.","PeriodicalId":31009,"journal":{"name":"RAN","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87062113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Classical heat transfer at the macroscale proceeds by three modes: conduction, radiation, and convection. However, at the nanoscale, heat transfer is not governed by classical physics, but rather by QM and a simplified form of QED. QM stands for quantum mechanics and QED for quantum electrodynamics. QED heat transfer is based on QM by the Planck law that requires the heat capacity of the atom to vanish under high EM confinement caused by the high surface-to-volume ratios of nanostructures thereby precluding the conservation of heat by the usual increase in temperature. EM stands for electromagnetic. Treating the nanostructure as a QM box with absorbed heat under high EM confinement, conservation proceeds by QED creating standing EM radiation that charges the nanostructure or is emitted to the surroundings. Diverse applications of QED heat transfer are described.
{"title":"QED Heat Transfer","authors":"T. Prevenslik","doi":"10.11159/ICNMS16.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/ICNMS16.105","url":null,"abstract":"Classical heat transfer at the macroscale proceeds by three modes: conduction, radiation, and convection. However, at the nanoscale, heat transfer is not governed by classical physics, but rather by QM and a simplified form of QED. QM stands for quantum mechanics and QED for quantum electrodynamics. QED heat transfer is based on QM by the Planck law that requires the heat capacity of the atom to vanish under high EM confinement caused by the high surface-to-volume ratios of nanostructures thereby precluding the conservation of heat by the usual increase in temperature. EM stands for electromagnetic. Treating the nanostructure as a QM box with absorbed heat under high EM confinement, conservation proceeds by QED creating standing EM radiation that charges the nanostructure or is emitted to the surroundings. Diverse applications of QED heat transfer are described.","PeriodicalId":31009,"journal":{"name":"RAN","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85876891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Kim, Yeon Baek Seong, Tae Hoon Lee, Changhyun Park, Jin Wook Lee, W. Choi, N. Park, T. Lee
Extended Abstract In lithium-ion batteries, lithium ions move between the battery's anode and cathode during charge and discharge. Carbon-based materials, like graphite and carbon micro-bead have used as anode materials for Li-ion battery. However, carbon-based anode materials have low coulombic efficiency and high irreversible capacity. In this reason, the alloys anode material mixed with the other material, such as Sn, Sb, Ge and Si etc., for enhancing the capacity of anode materials [2]. The silicon is used as a anode material for Li-ion battery to boosting the capacity of anode materials. The Silicon has the highest specific capacity (4212 mAh/g with formation of Alloy/de-alloy materials), high energy density and good safety [3]. Even though the silicon has high specific capacity, it often exhibits a swelling phenomenon during Li insertion and extraction. In this study, macro pores are existed in the silicon for prevention of the swelling phenomenon. The macroporous silicon was synthesized from TMOS(Tetra methyl ortho silicate) and PMMA(Poly methyl methacrylate). The nanosized PMMA beads used as a template for the formation of macro-pores was synthesized by the suspension polymerization method. The PMMA beads had 300nm size and it used a diffusing state in water. The TMOS was used as the precursor for the synthesis of macro-porous silica [1]. A mixture of TMOS and PMMA was thermal treated at 650 °C for 5 h under the air purging. Then, the macro-porous silica was mixed with aluminum powders. The aluminum powder was used for the conversion of macro-porous silica to silicon. The macro-porous silica and aluminum mixture slurry was thermal treated at 650 °C for 5 h under the argon purging. The macro-porous silica can be reduced to the macro-porous silicon with the reducing agents. Meanwhile, aluminum powder, used as reducing agent, is oxided for the reduction of silica. A metal oxide, like a Al2O3 in anode materials, can repress silicon. Therefore, the reduced macro-porous silicon sample was treated with HCl and H3PO4 in order to remove Al2O3. The macro pores of silicon were confirmed by SEM analysis. The reducing of silica was confirmed by XRD and XPS analysis.
{"title":"Preparation of Macro-porous Si as a Anode Material for Li-ion Battery","authors":"M. Kim, Yeon Baek Seong, Tae Hoon Lee, Changhyun Park, Jin Wook Lee, W. Choi, N. Park, T. Lee","doi":"10.11159/ICNNFC16.112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/ICNNFC16.112","url":null,"abstract":"Extended Abstract In lithium-ion batteries, lithium ions move between the battery's anode and cathode during charge and discharge. Carbon-based materials, like graphite and carbon micro-bead have used as anode materials for Li-ion battery. However, carbon-based anode materials have low coulombic efficiency and high irreversible capacity. In this reason, the alloys anode material mixed with the other material, such as Sn, Sb, Ge and Si etc., for enhancing the capacity of anode materials [2]. The silicon is used as a anode material for Li-ion battery to boosting the capacity of anode materials. The Silicon has the highest specific capacity (4212 mAh/g with formation of Alloy/de-alloy materials), high energy density and good safety [3]. Even though the silicon has high specific capacity, it often exhibits a swelling phenomenon during Li insertion and extraction. In this study, macro pores are existed in the silicon for prevention of the swelling phenomenon. The macroporous silicon was synthesized from TMOS(Tetra methyl ortho silicate) and PMMA(Poly methyl methacrylate). The nanosized PMMA beads used as a template for the formation of macro-pores was synthesized by the suspension polymerization method. The PMMA beads had 300nm size and it used a diffusing state in water. The TMOS was used as the precursor for the synthesis of macro-porous silica [1]. A mixture of TMOS and PMMA was thermal treated at 650 °C for 5 h under the air purging. Then, the macro-porous silica was mixed with aluminum powders. The aluminum powder was used for the conversion of macro-porous silica to silicon. The macro-porous silica and aluminum mixture slurry was thermal treated at 650 °C for 5 h under the argon purging. The macro-porous silica can be reduced to the macro-porous silicon with the reducing agents. Meanwhile, aluminum powder, used as reducing agent, is oxided for the reduction of silica. A metal oxide, like a Al2O3 in anode materials, can repress silicon. Therefore, the reduced macro-porous silicon sample was treated with HCl and H3PO4 in order to remove Al2O3. The macro pores of silicon were confirmed by SEM analysis. The reducing of silica was confirmed by XRD and XPS analysis.","PeriodicalId":31009,"journal":{"name":"RAN","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77801277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nuray Yerli, M. E. Taygun, Yakup Yürektürk, S. Küçükbayrak
Extended Abstract Tissue damage and degenerative diseases such as large bone defects are among the most human health issues which lead to organ failure and death all over the world [1-3]. Bone tissue engineering emerges a promising approach to repair bone defects, especially large bone defects resulting from trauma, infections, tumors or genetic malformations [2-4]. The development of scaffolds and their processing into structures are becoming increasingly important in bone tissue engineering applications. Three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds should show a highly porous, open structure to allow a proper vascularisation of the implant, as well as the flow of nutrients and waste products through the scaffold. Major issues of bone tissue engineering scaffolds include the use of appropriate matrix materials for scaffolds, control of porosity and pore characteristics of scaffolds, mechanical strength of scaffolds as well as scaffold degradation properties [5]. Ideal bioactive porous scaffolds, which are used in bone tissue engineering applications, should meet multifunctional properties such as angiogenesis, osteostimulation and antibacterial properties for the treatment of large bone defects [2]. Among these properties, angiogenesis plays an important role for the formation and repair of new tissue because blood vessels provide for newly formed tissues to receive nutrients and oxygen. The stimulation of angiogenesis by the delivery of inorganic ions from biomaterial scaffolds provide to reduce cost of treatments and also prevent biological side effects when compared to the use of growth factors and so it has been attracting considerable interest in recent years [6]. The focus of this study is on advanced bioactive scaffolds enabling internal growth of tissue and controlled delivery of therapeutic ion. To be able to achieve this goal, in the first stage bioactive glass (composition in weight; 45% SiO2, 24.5% Na2O, 6% P2O5, 24.5% CaO, 2% CuO) were developed which have antibacterial and angiogenic properties. After the production of bioactive glass, bioactive glass/polymer 3D composite multifunctional scaffolds were fabricated by using foam replication technique. Then, they were coated with alginate at different percentages (in weight; 1, 2, 3 %) to improve the properties of them. The obtained scaffolds were immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) at different time points (1, 7, 14 and 28 day) to investigate the bioactivity and biodegradability behavior of the samples. Physical and micro structural properties of the obtained scaffolds were determined by using different characterization techniques. Scanning electron microscopy investigations showed that scaffolds have highly porous structure with a good pore interconnectivity. After immersion in SBF for 28 days, the hydroxyapatite layer formation was observed significantly on the surface of the scaffolds. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis also verified the bio
{"title":"Fabrication and Characterization Of Copper Doped Polymer/Bioactive Glass Composite Scaffolds","authors":"Nuray Yerli, M. E. Taygun, Yakup Yürektürk, S. Küçükbayrak","doi":"10.11159/NDDTE16.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/NDDTE16.104","url":null,"abstract":"Extended Abstract Tissue damage and degenerative diseases such as large bone defects are among the most human health issues which lead to organ failure and death all over the world [1-3]. Bone tissue engineering emerges a promising approach to repair bone defects, especially large bone defects resulting from trauma, infections, tumors or genetic malformations [2-4]. The development of scaffolds and their processing into structures are becoming increasingly important in bone tissue engineering applications. Three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds should show a highly porous, open structure to allow a proper vascularisation of the implant, as well as the flow of nutrients and waste products through the scaffold. Major issues of bone tissue engineering scaffolds include the use of appropriate matrix materials for scaffolds, control of porosity and pore characteristics of scaffolds, mechanical strength of scaffolds as well as scaffold degradation properties [5]. Ideal bioactive porous scaffolds, which are used in bone tissue engineering applications, should meet multifunctional properties such as angiogenesis, osteostimulation and antibacterial properties for the treatment of large bone defects [2]. Among these properties, angiogenesis plays an important role for the formation and repair of new tissue because blood vessels provide for newly formed tissues to receive nutrients and oxygen. The stimulation of angiogenesis by the delivery of inorganic ions from biomaterial scaffolds provide to reduce cost of treatments and also prevent biological side effects when compared to the use of growth factors and so it has been attracting considerable interest in recent years [6]. The focus of this study is on advanced bioactive scaffolds enabling internal growth of tissue and controlled delivery of therapeutic ion. To be able to achieve this goal, in the first stage bioactive glass (composition in weight; 45% SiO2, 24.5% Na2O, 6% P2O5, 24.5% CaO, 2% CuO) were developed which have antibacterial and angiogenic properties. After the production of bioactive glass, bioactive glass/polymer 3D composite multifunctional scaffolds were fabricated by using foam replication technique. Then, they were coated with alginate at different percentages (in weight; 1, 2, 3 %) to improve the properties of them. The obtained scaffolds were immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) at different time points (1, 7, 14 and 28 day) to investigate the bioactivity and biodegradability behavior of the samples. Physical and micro structural properties of the obtained scaffolds were determined by using different characterization techniques. Scanning electron microscopy investigations showed that scaffolds have highly porous structure with a good pore interconnectivity. After immersion in SBF for 28 days, the hydroxyapatite layer formation was observed significantly on the surface of the scaffolds. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis also verified the bio","PeriodicalId":31009,"journal":{"name":"RAN","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84601966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Abreu, M. A. Egea, A. Calpena, M. Espina, Maria L. García
Extended Abstract Introduction The main obstacle to transport drugs to the brain, for neurodegenerative diseases treatment, is the blood-brain barrier (BBB), acting as an immune and metabolic barrier [1]. Pioglitazone (PGZ) is an oral anti-diabetic from thiazolidinediones, agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), which could play an important role on mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases [2, 3]. The main goal of this work was the PGZ association nanostructured systems, to nanoparticles (NPs) from poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA-PEG) that are able to pass BBB.
在神经退行性疾病的治疗中，将药物输送到大脑的主要障碍是血脑屏障(BBB)，它是一种免疫和代谢屏障[1]。吡格列酮(PGZ)是噻唑烷二酮类口服抗糖尿病药物，是过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(ppar)的激动剂，在神经退行性疾病的机制中发挥重要作用[2,3]。这项工作的主要目标是PGZ结合纳米结构系统，从聚(D, l -丙交酯-共乙二醇酯)聚(乙二醇)(PLGA-PEG)到能够通过血脑屏障的纳米颗粒(NPs)。
{"title":"Pioglitazone Loaded-PLGA-PEG Nanoparticles: Drug Release and Interactions","authors":"M. Abreu, M. A. Egea, A. Calpena, M. Espina, Maria L. García","doi":"10.11159/NDDTE16.106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/NDDTE16.106","url":null,"abstract":"Extended Abstract Introduction The main obstacle to transport drugs to the brain, for neurodegenerative diseases treatment, is the blood-brain barrier (BBB), acting as an immune and metabolic barrier [1]. Pioglitazone (PGZ) is an oral anti-diabetic from thiazolidinediones, agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), which could play an important role on mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases [2, 3]. The main goal of this work was the PGZ association nanostructured systems, to nanoparticles (NPs) from poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA-PEG) that are able to pass BBB.","PeriodicalId":31009,"journal":{"name":"RAN","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83777676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Extended Abstract In this study a novel kind of reinforcing polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) aas well as improving the electrical properties of polyetherimide (PEI) with a 2 generation of layered silicates is shown. Layered silicates are used as nanofillers in polymers due to their ability to increase the mechanical strength as well as to improve flame retardancy [1] and barrier properties [2], respectively. The first studies about polymeric nanocomposites with layered silicates were published in the mid eighties of the last century and lead to the development of a nylon-6-montmorillonite nanocomposite which has been the first layered silicate nanocomposite to be commercialized [3]. Since these first studies about polymer/clay nanocomposites [4], a rapid development has brought further improvement of the overall properties of these materials. However, the potential of commercially available natural layered silicates seems to have reached its limitations due to small lateral dimensions and a high heterogeneity of surface charge. Processing via melt compounding results mostly in incomplete delamination of the tactoids, which further reduces the maximal possible aspect ratio and therefore the desired properties. Also the incorporation of commercially available natural organo-clay in PMMA by melt-compounding leads to an increase of the stiffness, but an unsatisfactory dispersion quality of the nanoclay in the PMMA matrix. This leads to an decrease in toughness. Therefore we developed a new kind of synthetic layered silicate and used them in an innovative transfer batch moulding process to create a PMMA-nanocomposite. With these synthetic layered silicates which have aspect ratios of up to 600, it was possible to significantly increase the young’s modulus of about 55% and the fracture toughness of about 70 %, without any decrease in tensile strength. Furthermore analysis of the corresponding fracture surfaces by scanning electron microscopy show in case of the novel filler additional energy dissipating mechanisms like crack deflection, crack bridging as well as debonding effects with platelets pull-out leading to enhanced fracture toughness. In addition to the improvement of the mechanical behavior, the layered silicates possess the ability to decrease the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the matrix material [5]. Therefore layered silicates provide the possibility of utilizing thermoplastic materials for applications which require a lower CTE. In electric devices e.g. substrate material has to have a CTE in the range of the copper foil (around 17 ppm/K) to avoid thermal stresses between materials. Therefore current studies are evaluating the effect of layered silicates on thermal and electrical properties of PEI.
{"title":"2nd Generation Layered Silicates Nanocomposites with improved Mechanical and Electrical Properties","authors":"V. Altstädt, J. Breu","doi":"10.11159/ICNNFC16.110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/ICNNFC16.110","url":null,"abstract":"Extended Abstract In this study a novel kind of reinforcing polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) aas well as improving the electrical properties of polyetherimide (PEI) with a 2 generation of layered silicates is shown. Layered silicates are used as nanofillers in polymers due to their ability to increase the mechanical strength as well as to improve flame retardancy [1] and barrier properties [2], respectively. The first studies about polymeric nanocomposites with layered silicates were published in the mid eighties of the last century and lead to the development of a nylon-6-montmorillonite nanocomposite which has been the first layered silicate nanocomposite to be commercialized [3]. Since these first studies about polymer/clay nanocomposites [4], a rapid development has brought further improvement of the overall properties of these materials. However, the potential of commercially available natural layered silicates seems to have reached its limitations due to small lateral dimensions and a high heterogeneity of surface charge. Processing via melt compounding results mostly in incomplete delamination of the tactoids, which further reduces the maximal possible aspect ratio and therefore the desired properties. Also the incorporation of commercially available natural organo-clay in PMMA by melt-compounding leads to an increase of the stiffness, but an unsatisfactory dispersion quality of the nanoclay in the PMMA matrix. This leads to an decrease in toughness. Therefore we developed a new kind of synthetic layered silicate and used them in an innovative transfer batch moulding process to create a PMMA-nanocomposite. With these synthetic layered silicates which have aspect ratios of up to 600, it was possible to significantly increase the young’s modulus of about 55% and the fracture toughness of about 70 %, without any decrease in tensile strength. Furthermore analysis of the corresponding fracture surfaces by scanning electron microscopy show in case of the novel filler additional energy dissipating mechanisms like crack deflection, crack bridging as well as debonding effects with platelets pull-out leading to enhanced fracture toughness. In addition to the improvement of the mechanical behavior, the layered silicates possess the ability to decrease the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the matrix material [5]. Therefore layered silicates provide the possibility of utilizing thermoplastic materials for applications which require a lower CTE. In electric devices e.g. substrate material has to have a CTE in the range of the copper foil (around 17 ppm/K) to avoid thermal stresses between materials. Therefore current studies are evaluating the effect of layered silicates on thermal and electrical properties of PEI.","PeriodicalId":31009,"journal":{"name":"RAN","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85643413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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