Pub Date : 2021-09-05DOI: 10.32592/jbirjandunivmedsci.2021.28.3.105
Y. Mohammadi, A. Farimani
Background and Aims: SNARE proteins are composed of a combination of SNAP-23, Stx-4, and VAMP-2 isoforms that are significantly expressed in skeletal muscle. These proteins control the transport of GLUT4 to the cell membranes. The modifications in the expression of SNARE proteins can cause Type 2 diabetes. The present study aimed to assess the effect of metformin on the expression of these proteins in rats. Materials and Methods: For the purpose of the study, 40 male Wistar rats were randomly selected. Streptozotocin and Nicotinamide were used for the induction of type 2 diabetes. The animals were assigned to five groups (n=8), including healthy and diabetic groups as control, as well as three experimental groups which were treated with different doses of metformin (100, 150, and 200 mg/kg body weight) for 30 days. The quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) method was applied to evaluate the expression of SNARE complex proteins.. Results: Based on the results, metformin (100, 150, and 200 mg/kg body weight) decreased serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels. This difference in dose of 200 mg/kg body weight was statistically significant (P<0.05). Moreover, all three doses of metformin increased the expression of SNAP- 23, syntaxin-4, and VAMP-2 proteins in skeletal muscle tissue. Metformin at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight demonstrated the most significant effects (P<0.05). Conclusion: As evidenced by the results of the current study, another anti-diabetic mechanism of metformin is to increase the expression of SNARE proteins, which effectively improves insulin resistance and lowers blood glucose.
{"title":"Effect of metformin on the expression of SNAER proteins in the skeletal muscle of rats with type 2 diabetes","authors":"Y. Mohammadi, A. Farimani","doi":"10.32592/jbirjandunivmedsci.2021.28.3.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/jbirjandunivmedsci.2021.28.3.105","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aims: SNARE proteins are composed of a combination of SNAP-23, Stx-4, and VAMP-2 isoforms that are significantly expressed in skeletal muscle. These proteins control the transport of GLUT4 to the cell membranes. The modifications in the expression of SNARE proteins can cause Type 2 diabetes. The present study aimed to assess the effect of metformin on the expression of these proteins in rats.\u0000Materials and Methods: For the purpose of the study, 40 male Wistar rats were randomly selected. Streptozotocin and Nicotinamide were used for the induction of type 2 diabetes. The animals were assigned to five groups (n=8), including healthy and diabetic groups as control, as well as three experimental groups which were treated with different doses of metformin (100, 150, and 200 mg/kg body weight) for 30 days. The quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) method was applied to evaluate the expression of SNARE complex proteins..\u0000Results: Based on the results, metformin (100, 150, and 200 mg/kg body weight) decreased serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels. This difference in dose of 200 mg/kg body weight was statistically significant (P<0.05). Moreover, all three doses of metformin increased the expression of SNAP- 23, syntaxin-4, and VAMP-2 proteins in skeletal muscle tissue. Metformin at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight demonstrated the most significant effects (P<0.05).\u0000Conclusion: As evidenced by the results of the current study, another anti-diabetic mechanism of metformin is to increase the expression of SNARE proteins, which effectively improves insulin resistance and lowers blood glucose.","PeriodicalId":31015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74742885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-31DOI: 10.32592/jbirjandunivmedsci.2021.28.4.103
Samira Nomiri, Zahra Kiani, R. Hoshyar, Somayeh Hayati
Background and Aims: Bisphenol A (BPA) falls in the category of hormonal disruptors due to its widespread application, and several studies have revealed its toxicity in different doses. However, few studies have investigated the effect of BPA on the renal system. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of BPA on renal system function in rats. Materials and Methods: Initially, the rats were divided into 6 groups (n=6). Group 1 received only the carrier substance. The rats in the second to sixth groups were gavaged with BPA in 0.1, 1, 10, 50, and, 100 mg/kg/BW/day doses for 29 days, respectively. On the 30th day, blood samples were taken from the heart and kidney tissues were separated after collecting 24 h urine. Biochemical parameters including urea, creatinine, total urine and serum protein, and serum albumin were measured subsequently. Eventually, kidney tissue was sent to a laboratory for histological examination. Results: There was no significant difference in serum creatinine levels in rats treated with different doses of bisphenol A. However, its level in urine increased at 50 mg/kg dose, compared to 1 and 10 mg/kg doses (P<0.001). Serum and urine urea increased significantly only at of 10 mg/kg dose, compared to 1 and 0.1 mg/kg doses (P<0.001). Serum albumin was reduced at 100 mg/kg dose, compared to controls. Total serum protein decreased at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg, compared to controls and increased in urine at 50mg/kg dose (P<0.001). The protein/creatinine ratio increased significantly at doses of 1 to 50 mg/kg (P<0.001). Histological examination also revealed that BPA caused degenerative, infiltration, and dilation changes in kidney tissue in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: Based on the obtained data, BPA at 50 and 100 mg/kg concentrations could lead to kidney tissue damage in rats and subsequent renal failure.
{"title":"Study of subacute renal toxicity of Bisphenol A in rats","authors":"Samira Nomiri, Zahra Kiani, R. Hoshyar, Somayeh Hayati","doi":"10.32592/jbirjandunivmedsci.2021.28.4.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/jbirjandunivmedsci.2021.28.4.103","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aims: Bisphenol A (BPA) falls in the category of hormonal disruptors due to its widespread application, and several studies have revealed its toxicity in different doses. However, few studies have investigated the effect of BPA on the renal system. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of BPA on renal system function in rats.\u0000Materials and Methods: Initially, the rats were divided into 6 groups (n=6). Group 1 received only the carrier substance. The rats in the second to sixth groups were gavaged with BPA in 0.1, 1, 10, 50, and, 100 mg/kg/BW/day doses for 29 days, respectively. On the 30th day, blood samples were taken from the heart and kidney tissues were separated after collecting 24 h urine. Biochemical parameters including urea, creatinine, total urine and serum protein, and serum albumin were measured subsequently. Eventually, kidney tissue was sent to a laboratory for histological examination.\u0000Results: There was no significant difference in serum creatinine levels in rats treated with different doses of bisphenol A. However, its level in urine increased at 50 mg/kg dose, compared to 1 and 10 mg/kg doses (P<0.001). Serum and urine urea increased significantly only at of 10 mg/kg dose, compared to 1 and 0.1 mg/kg doses (P<0.001). Serum albumin was reduced at 100 mg/kg dose, compared to controls. Total serum protein decreased at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg, compared to controls and increased in urine at 50mg/kg dose (P<0.001). The protein/creatinine ratio increased significantly at doses of 1 to 50 mg/kg (P<0.001). Histological examination also revealed that BPA caused degenerative, infiltration, and dilation changes in kidney tissue in a dose-dependent manner.\u0000Conclusion: Based on the obtained data, BPA at 50 and 100 mg/kg concentrations could lead to kidney tissue damage in rats and subsequent renal failure.","PeriodicalId":31015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86008488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-09DOI: 10.32592/jbirjandunivmedsci.2021.28.3.101
Background and Aim: Caspase family genes promote degeneration and are involved in apoptotic processes. The Ziziphora clinopodioides from the mint family (Lamiaceae) is one of the plants strong with anti-inflammatory effects and involved in the process of nervous system repair. The present study aimed to determine the effects of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Ziziphora clinopodioides on apoptosis and alteration of caspase-3 and caspase-9 gene expression after sciatic nerve compression in male rats. Materials and Methods: In the present study, 24 male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were randomly assigned to four groups (n=6 in each group): control, compression, treatment with aqueous, and treatment with alcoholic extracts at a dose of 75 mg/kg. The extract was injected intraperitoneally on compression day and seven days later. After 28 days, samples were taken from the lumbar spinal cord subsequent to performing the perfusion method, and the samples were studied in two ways. Thereafter, in each group, total RNA was extracted from the lumbar spinal cord, cDNA was synthesized; subsequently, the expression changes in caspases-3 and caspases-9 were compared. Results: Based on the results, the number of neurons significantly decreased in the compression group, as compared to that in the control group, and demonstrated a significant increase in the aqueous extract group, in comparison with the compression group. Furthermore, the amount of caspases-3 and caspases-9 expression increased significantly in the compression group, compared to that in the control group. Moreover, caspase-3 and caspase-9 gene expression increased in the aqueous extract group, as compared to that in the compression group (P<0.001). Conclusion: It seems that the, the extract of Ziziphora clinopodioides has neuroprotective effects due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as phenolic and flavonoid compounds, such as pulegone.
{"title":"Effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Ziziphora clinopodioides on apoptosis and alteration of caspase-3 and caspase-9 gene expression in anterior horn neurons of the spinal cord after sciatic nerve compression in male rats","authors":"","doi":"10.32592/jbirjandunivmedsci.2021.28.3.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/jbirjandunivmedsci.2021.28.3.101","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Caspase family genes promote degeneration and are involved in apoptotic processes. The Ziziphora clinopodioides from the mint family (Lamiaceae) is one of the plants strong with anti-inflammatory effects and involved in the process of nervous system repair. The present study aimed to determine the effects of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Ziziphora clinopodioides on apoptosis and alteration of caspase-3 and caspase-9 gene expression after sciatic nerve compression in male rats.\u0000Materials and Methods: In the present study, 24 male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were randomly assigned to four groups (n=6 in each group): control, compression, treatment with aqueous, and treatment with alcoholic extracts at a dose of 75 mg/kg. The extract was injected intraperitoneally on compression day and seven days later. After 28 days, samples were taken from the lumbar spinal cord subsequent to performing the perfusion method, and the samples were studied in two ways. Thereafter, in each group, total RNA was extracted from the lumbar spinal cord, cDNA was synthesized; subsequently, the expression changes in caspases-3 and caspases-9 were compared.\u0000Results: Based on the results, the number of neurons significantly decreased in the compression group, as compared to that in the control group, and demonstrated a significant increase in the aqueous extract group, in comparison with the compression group. Furthermore, the amount of caspases-3 and caspases-9 expression increased significantly in the compression group, compared to that in the control group. Moreover, caspase-3 and caspase-9 gene expression increased in the aqueous extract group, as compared to that in the compression group (P<0.001).\u0000Conclusion: It seems that the, the extract of Ziziphora clinopodioides has neuroprotective effects due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as phenolic and flavonoid compounds, such as pulegone.","PeriodicalId":31015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76305646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-17DOI: 10.32592/jbirjandunivmedsci.2021.28.4.108
Pathophysiological changes in the mouth of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) predispose to overgrowth of Candida albicans. Various virulence factors such as proteinase and phospholipase production are involved in the process of degradation of the host cell membrane. These enzymes are involved in binding Candida species, especially in the hyphae stage, to the target tissue. In this study, the proteinase and phospholipase activity of 51 C. albicans strains was evaluated. Overall, the rates of proteolytic and phospholipase activities in controlled and uncontrolled diabetic patients were 90.2% and 72.5%, respectively. No significant difference was observed between proteinase and phospholipase activities in both groups of patients (P>0.05), while there was a significant difference between the activity of hydrolytic enzymes with HbA1C and dentures in the uncontrolled diabetic group (P<0.05). According to the importance of hydrolytic enzymes activity of C. albicans species in diabetic patients, oral health of diabetic patients to control and prevent disease progression in these patients is essential.
{"title":"Evaluation of proteinase and phospholipase activity of Candida albicans strains isolated from the mouth of patients with controlled and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus in Qazvin province: Short Communication","authors":"","doi":"10.32592/jbirjandunivmedsci.2021.28.4.108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/jbirjandunivmedsci.2021.28.4.108","url":null,"abstract":"Pathophysiological changes in the mouth of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) predispose to overgrowth of Candida albicans. Various virulence factors such as proteinase and phospholipase production are involved in the process of degradation of the host cell membrane. These enzymes are involved in binding Candida species, especially in the hyphae stage, to the target tissue. In this study, the proteinase and phospholipase activity of 51 C. albicans strains was evaluated. Overall, the rates of proteolytic and phospholipase activities in controlled and uncontrolled diabetic patients were 90.2% and 72.5%, respectively. No significant difference was observed between proteinase and phospholipase activities in both groups of patients (P>0.05), while there was a significant difference between the activity of hydrolytic enzymes with HbA1C and dentures in the uncontrolled diabetic group (P<0.05). According to the importance of hydrolytic enzymes activity of C. albicans species in diabetic patients, oral health of diabetic patients to control and prevent disease progression in these patients is essential.","PeriodicalId":31015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73812388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-14DOI: 10.32592/jbirjandunivmedsci.2021.28.3.109
Farzin Bagheri-Sheykhangafshe, A. Fathi-Ashtiani
From the earliest days of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks, all countries have been trying to develop vaccines and medications to fight the virus. Finally, a year after the COVID-2019 pandemic, several companies developed vaccines that were safe against this disease. However, the lack of doses of these vaccines created problems for various countries. Ethically, some groups should be highly prioritized according to their need and necessity of receiving the vaccine. Based on the results of current studies, safe and effective vaccination can be effective for the elderly and patients with chronic diseases and prevent the death of such people extensively. Since the national vaccination in Iran has started on February 12, 2021, with the priority of the medical staff, it is necessary to pay more attention to the elderly and patients with chronic diseases in future planning regarding the COVID-19 vaccination.
{"title":"Priority of the elderly and patients with chronic diseases in COVID-19 vaccination: Letter to Editor","authors":"Farzin Bagheri-Sheykhangafshe, A. Fathi-Ashtiani","doi":"10.32592/jbirjandunivmedsci.2021.28.3.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/jbirjandunivmedsci.2021.28.3.109","url":null,"abstract":"From the earliest days of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks, all countries have been trying to develop vaccines and medications to fight the virus. Finally, a year after the COVID-2019 pandemic, several companies developed vaccines that were safe against this disease. However, the lack of doses of these vaccines created problems for various countries. Ethically, some groups should be highly prioritized according to their need and necessity of receiving the vaccine. Based on the results of current studies, safe and effective vaccination can be effective for the elderly and patients with chronic diseases and prevent the death of such people extensively. Since the national vaccination in Iran has started on February 12, 2021, with the priority of the medical staff, it is necessary to pay more attention to the elderly and patients with chronic diseases in future planning regarding the COVID-19 vaccination.","PeriodicalId":31015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76604819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-10DOI: 10.32592/jbirjandunivmedsci.2021.28.3.107
Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies in the world; however, it is rarely observed with cysts. Although prostate cysts are mostly benign, malignancies should not be ignored. A 66-year-old male presented with complaints of urinary retention and frequency. Regarding the results of clinical and paraclinical examination, elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) with a large cystic lesion was suspected. Initially, transrectal ultrasound prostate biopsy (TRUS BX), drainage, and cyst sclerotherapy with alcohol was performed. Pathology results confirmed the intra ductal carcinoma of prostate. The Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy (3D CRT) and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT( were initiated. It is worth mentioning that his symptoms have improved now. In cases in which prostate is accompanied by cysts with high PSA, prostate cancer should not be ignored, and according to the guidelines, biopsy should be performed as needed. In the investigations of the prostate cysts causes, cancers are among the differential diagnosis, and therefore, malignancy should be a concern in the prostate cysts cases.
{"title":"Prostate cancer with a large cystic lesion: Case Report","authors":"","doi":"10.32592/jbirjandunivmedsci.2021.28.3.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/jbirjandunivmedsci.2021.28.3.107","url":null,"abstract":"Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies in the world; however, it is rarely observed with cysts. Although prostate cysts are mostly benign, malignancies should not be ignored. A 66-year-old male presented with complaints of urinary retention and frequency. Regarding the results of clinical and paraclinical examination, elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) with a large cystic lesion was suspected. Initially, transrectal ultrasound prostate biopsy (TRUS BX), drainage, and cyst sclerotherapy with alcohol was performed. Pathology results confirmed the intra ductal carcinoma of prostate. The Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy (3D CRT) and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT( were initiated. It is worth mentioning that his symptoms have improved now. In cases in which prostate is accompanied by cysts with high PSA, prostate cancer should not be ignored, and according to the guidelines, biopsy should be performed as needed. In the investigations of the prostate cysts causes, cancers are among the differential diagnosis, and therefore, malignancy should be a concern in the prostate cysts cases.","PeriodicalId":31015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82110533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-15DOI: 10.32592/jbirjandunivmedsci.2021.28.2.105
F. Sohrabi, P. S. Dehkordi
Background and Aims: Physical health is an important aspect of the health of any society and one of the most basic needs of human life. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of body mass index and level of physical activity on motor competence in women within the age range of 8-85 years in Tehran, Iran. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was performed on 323 women aged 8-85 years who were divided into five groups, namely children, adolescents, young women, adults, and the elderly. The participants were selected using the convenience sampling method, and the required data were collected using a weight gauge, a height gauge, the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and a motor competence test. The collected data were analyzed using multivariate one-factor analysis of variance and Bonferroni test. Results: The results of multivariate one-factor analysis of variance showed that the body mass index had no significant effect on motor competence (P<0.05). The main effect level of physical activity and age group on motor competence variable was significant (P=0.001). Performance of the children group was significantly weaker than that of young women regarding motor competence (P<0.05). Moreover, the performance of female children was better than that of the elderly group in terms of the motor fitness variable. In addition, the elderly group had lower motor competence, compared to children and adolescents. Besides, people with a moderate level of physical activity performed significantly better in the motor competence test than those with low and intense levels of physical activity (P<0.05). Conclusion: The level of physical activity should appropriately increase to enhance motor competence and physical health. Furthermore, the downward trend of motor competence can be delayed by the adoption of proper plans.
{"title":"The effect of body mass index and level of physical activity on motor competence women's in life span","authors":"F. Sohrabi, P. S. Dehkordi","doi":"10.32592/jbirjandunivmedsci.2021.28.2.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/jbirjandunivmedsci.2021.28.2.105","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aims: Physical health is an important aspect of the health of any society and one of the most basic needs of human life. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of body mass index and level of physical activity on motor competence in women within the age range of 8-85 years in Tehran, Iran. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was performed on 323 women aged 8-85 years who were divided into five groups, namely children, adolescents, young women, adults, and the elderly. The participants were selected using the convenience sampling method, and the required data were collected using a weight gauge, a height gauge, the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and a motor competence test. The collected data were analyzed using multivariate one-factor analysis of variance and Bonferroni test. Results: The results of multivariate one-factor analysis of variance showed that the body mass index had no significant effect on motor competence (P<0.05). The main effect level of physical activity and age group on motor competence variable was significant (P=0.001). Performance of the children group was significantly weaker than that of young women regarding motor competence (P<0.05). Moreover, the performance of female children was better than that of the elderly group in terms of the motor fitness variable. In addition, the elderly group had lower motor competence, compared to children and adolescents. Besides, people with a moderate level of physical activity performed significantly better in the motor competence test than those with low and intense levels of physical activity (P<0.05). Conclusion: The level of physical activity should appropriately increase to enhance motor competence and physical health. Furthermore, the downward trend of motor competence can be delayed by the adoption of proper plans.","PeriodicalId":31015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87831498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-15DOI: 10.32592/JBIRJANDUNIVMEDSCI.2021.28.2.106
Fahime Talebi, S. Ebrahimipour, Gholamreza Sharifzadeh
Background and Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of education of proper oral hygiene via virtual reality simulation on the dental plaque in high school students. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out on 90 high school students who were selected randomly and then divided into three groups. Group one was the first intervention group (VR) that was introduced to oral hygiene through virtual reality training in one session (n=30). Group two was the second intervention group (Verbal) that was introduced to oral hygiene through verbal training in one session (n=30). Group three was the control group that received no training (n=30). Plaque index (PI) was recorded both before and after the intervention (after one month) using Quigley–Hein plaque index. Data were collected and then analyzed in SPSS software (version 18) at a significance level of 0.05. Results: In the VR group, there was a statistically significant decrease in the mean values of PI (P<0.001) after the intervention (1.92±0.77) in comparison to the baseline (2.69±0.62). Moreover, in the verbal training group, there was a statistically significant decrease in the mean values of PI (P=0.014) after the intervention (2.16±0.95), compared to the baseline (2.45±0.91). This difference was significant in the virtual reality and oral education group compared to the control group (P<0.001). Conclusion: Based on the findings, oral health education in general and virtual reality education, in particular, are effective in the removal of dental plaque and improvement of oral health.
{"title":"Evaluation of the effect of education of proper oral hygiene via virtual reality simulation on dental plaque in high school students","authors":"Fahime Talebi, S. Ebrahimipour, Gholamreza Sharifzadeh","doi":"10.32592/JBIRJANDUNIVMEDSCI.2021.28.2.106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/JBIRJANDUNIVMEDSCI.2021.28.2.106","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of education of proper oral hygiene via virtual reality simulation on the dental plaque in high school students. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out on 90 high school students who were selected randomly and then divided into three groups. Group one was the first intervention group (VR) that was introduced to oral hygiene through virtual reality training in one session (n=30). Group two was the second intervention group (Verbal) that was introduced to oral hygiene through verbal training in one session (n=30). Group three was the control group that received no training (n=30). Plaque index (PI) was recorded both before and after the intervention (after one month) using Quigley–Hein plaque index. Data were collected and then analyzed in SPSS software (version 18) at a significance level of 0.05. Results: In the VR group, there was a statistically significant decrease in the mean values of PI (P<0.001) after the intervention (1.92±0.77) in comparison to the baseline (2.69±0.62). Moreover, in the verbal training group, there was a statistically significant decrease in the mean values of PI (P=0.014) after the intervention (2.16±0.95), compared to the baseline (2.45±0.91). This difference was significant in the virtual reality and oral education group compared to the control group (P<0.001). Conclusion: Based on the findings, oral health education in general and virtual reality education, in particular, are effective in the removal of dental plaque and improvement of oral health.","PeriodicalId":31015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45797359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-15DOI: 10.32592/jbirjandunivmedsci.2021.28.2.102
Mehri Ghahri, M. Tehranipour, J. Khayatzadeh
Background and Aims: When a neuronal axon is damaged, it returns to the neuron cell body and destroys it. Tanacetum bodjnordens as antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects. This study aimed to determine the neuroprotective effects of ethyl acetate and n-butanol and hydroalcoholic extracts of Tanacetum bodjnordens on sciatic nerve compression in male rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 36 male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were randomly divided into 6 groups )n=6). In the control group, the right thigh muscle of the rats was split after the anesthetization of the rats, while in the compression and treatment groups, the sciatic nerve was compressed for 60 seconds. The plant extract was injected intraperitoneally on the day of compression and seven days later. After 28 days, samples were taken from the lumbar spinal cord subsequent to performing the perfusion method. Afterward, 7-μm serial sections were prepared and stained using toluidine blue stain after tissue passage. Eventually, the neuronal density of rats in the six groups was compared. Results: Based on the results, the neuronal density in the compression group decreased significantly compared to controls and showed a significant increase in the hydroalcoholic, n-butanol, and aqueous phase treatment groups compared to that in the compression group (P<0.001). Conclusion: According to the results, it seems that Tanacetum bodjnordens leaf extract has neuroprotective effects that promote the regeneration process in damaged neurons and these effects are higher in the aqueous phase fraction.
{"title":"Neuroprotection effects of ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of the hydroalcoholic extract of Tanacetum bodjnordens on sciatic nerve compression in male rats","authors":"Mehri Ghahri, M. Tehranipour, J. Khayatzadeh","doi":"10.32592/jbirjandunivmedsci.2021.28.2.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/jbirjandunivmedsci.2021.28.2.102","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aims: When a neuronal axon is damaged, it returns to the neuron cell body and destroys it. Tanacetum bodjnordens as antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects. This study aimed to determine the neuroprotective effects of ethyl acetate and n-butanol and hydroalcoholic extracts of Tanacetum bodjnordens on sciatic nerve compression in male rats.\u0000Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 36 male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were randomly divided into 6 groups )n=6). In the control group, the right thigh muscle of the rats was split after the anesthetization of the rats, while in the compression and treatment groups, the sciatic nerve was compressed for 60 seconds. The plant extract was injected intraperitoneally on the day of compression and seven days later. After 28 days, samples were taken from the lumbar spinal cord subsequent to performing the perfusion method. Afterward, 7-μm serial sections were prepared and stained using toluidine blue stain after tissue passage. Eventually, the neuronal density of rats in the six groups was compared.\u0000Results: Based on the results, the neuronal density in the compression group decreased significantly compared to controls and showed a significant increase in the hydroalcoholic, n-butanol, and aqueous phase treatment groups compared to that in the compression group (P<0.001).\u0000Conclusion: According to the results, it seems that Tanacetum bodjnordens leaf extract has neuroprotective effects that promote the regeneration process in damaged neurons and these effects are higher in the aqueous phase fraction.","PeriodicalId":31015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90547943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-19DOI: 10.32592/jbirjandunivmedsci.2021.28.4.109
Atie Talebzadeh, Sayyed Gholamreza Mortazavimoghaddam, V. Raeesi, B. Bijari
Regarding immune-regulatory roles of vitamin D as well as its effect on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), the present study aimed to evaluate serum vitamin D levels in patients with COPD exacerbation. The study population included 70 patients with COPD exacerbation who were hospitalized in the general ward of an affiliated hospital with Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran. Blood samples were taken from the patients and transmitted to the laboratory for vitamin D serum levels assessment after serum separation. The patients were staged according to Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria. Spirometry was performed during the disease exacerbation and one month after discharge. The Mean±SD age of the studied patients was 65.44±13.3 years. Out of the70 studied patients in this study, 33 (47.1%), 28 (40%), and 9 (11.7%) cases had vitamin D deficiency, insufficient levels of vitamin D, and normal serum levels of vitamin D, respectively. Mean±SD vitamin D serum level in the studied patients was obtained at 14.1±1.98 ng/dl. No significant difference was observed between vitamin D serum levels in different stages in terms of severity of COPD (P=0.26). Based on the obtained results, most patients with COPD exacerbation suffer from vitamin D deficiency. Therefore, the measurement of vitamin D serum level and prescription of vitamin D supplements seem to be a necessary measure for these patients
{"title":"Serum 25-hydroxy Vitamin D levels in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease exacerbation: Short Communication","authors":"Atie Talebzadeh, Sayyed Gholamreza Mortazavimoghaddam, V. Raeesi, B. Bijari","doi":"10.32592/jbirjandunivmedsci.2021.28.4.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/jbirjandunivmedsci.2021.28.4.109","url":null,"abstract":"Regarding immune-regulatory roles of vitamin D as well as its effect on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), the present study aimed to evaluate serum vitamin D levels in patients with COPD exacerbation. The study population included 70 patients with COPD exacerbation who were hospitalized in the general ward of an affiliated hospital with Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran. Blood samples were taken from the patients and transmitted to the laboratory for vitamin D serum levels assessment after serum separation. The patients were staged according to Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria. Spirometry was performed during the disease exacerbation and one month after discharge. The Mean±SD age of the studied patients was 65.44±13.3 years. Out of the70 studied patients in this study, 33 (47.1%), 28 (40%), and 9 (11.7%) cases had vitamin D deficiency, insufficient levels of vitamin D, and normal serum levels of vitamin D, respectively. Mean±SD vitamin D serum level in the studied patients was obtained at 14.1±1.98 ng/dl. No significant difference was observed between vitamin D serum levels in different stages in terms of severity of COPD (P=0.26). Based on the obtained results, most patients with COPD exacerbation suffer from vitamin D deficiency. Therefore, the measurement of vitamin D serum level and prescription of vitamin D supplements seem to be a necessary measure for these patients","PeriodicalId":31015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77746682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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