Rules of origin that indirectly serve as trade barriers, thus raising the potential for increased production costs. In agricultural commodities, the rules of origin are primarily determined by wholly-obtained, so the potential for more significant increases in the cost of agricultural products versus other commodities. The purpose of this paper is to compare the restrictiveness index rules of origin in ASEAN + 1 FTAs (ACFTA, AJCEP, and AKFTA) on agricultural commodities. This study uses the Regime Wide Harris Index by Kelleher to calculate the restrictiveness level rules of origin in ASEAN + 1 FTAs. Based on product-specific regulations, AJCEP has the most flexible rules of origin, followed by AKFTA and ACFTA as the most restrictive of origin in ASEAN + 1 FTAs. In the Regime Wide Harris Index, the results show that AJCEP has a flexible origin rule after AKFTA, and ACFTA is the most strict rules of origin in ASEAN + 1 FTAs. These results are influenced by the most substantial diagonal side cumulation in the ACFTA. DOI: 10.15408/sjie/v7i1.6432
{"title":"Rules of Origin in ASEAN+1 Free Trade Agreements on Agriculture Commodity","authors":"Miranda Febriningtyas, R. Oktaviani, Amzul Arifin","doi":"10.15408/sjie.v7i1.6432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v7i1.6432","url":null,"abstract":"Rules of origin that indirectly serve as trade barriers, thus raising the potential for increased production costs. In agricultural commodities, the rules of origin are primarily determined by wholly-obtained, so the potential for more significant increases in the cost of agricultural products versus other commodities. The purpose of this paper is to compare the restrictiveness index rules of origin in ASEAN + 1 FTAs (ACFTA, AJCEP, and AKFTA) on agricultural commodities. This study uses the Regime Wide Harris Index by Kelleher to calculate the restrictiveness level rules of origin in ASEAN + 1 FTAs. Based on product-specific regulations, AJCEP has the most flexible rules of origin, followed by AKFTA and ACFTA as the most restrictive of origin in ASEAN + 1 FTAs. In the Regime Wide Harris Index, the results show that AJCEP has a flexible origin rule after AKFTA, and ACFTA is the most strict rules of origin in ASEAN + 1 FTAs. These results are influenced by the most substantial diagonal side cumulation in the ACFTA. DOI: 10.15408/sjie/v7i1.6432","PeriodicalId":31086,"journal":{"name":"Signifikan","volume":"7 1","pages":"15-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48666706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper aims to provide contemporary and comparative information on mergers and acquisition activities. The findings have shown that Vietnam is very active in mergers and acquisitions activities, for instance in Vietnam 2946 transactions were announced, and 2114 completed in the last decade. Furthermore, Vietnam has a distinctive element of merging local firms; Out of top 20 deals, in 18 transactions target firms and acquirer both were from Vietnam. On the other hand, Sri Lanka has the highest percentage of completed MA however, mergers and acquisition have had no significant impact on the profitability of Pakistan companies. DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v7i1.6074
{"title":"Mergers and Acquisitions in Selected Frontier Markets of Asia","authors":"Farhan Ahmed, Afzal Ahmed, Sahabia Kanwal","doi":"10.15408/sjie.v7i1.6074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v7i1.6074","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to provide contemporary and comparative information on mergers and acquisition activities. The findings have shown that Vietnam is very active in mergers and acquisitions activities, for instance in Vietnam 2946 transactions were announced, and 2114 completed in the last decade. Furthermore, Vietnam has a distinctive element of merging local firms; Out of top 20 deals, in 18 transactions target firms and acquirer both were from Vietnam. On the other hand, Sri Lanka has the highest percentage of completed MA however, mergers and acquisition have had no significant impact on the profitability of Pakistan companies. DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v7i1.6074","PeriodicalId":31086,"journal":{"name":"Signifikan","volume":"7 1","pages":"123-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43050803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research analyzed the effect of international trade openness to income inequality in Indonesia using Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The data used is the secondary data, which are the export-import value, gross domestic product (GDP), GDP per capita, open unemployment rate, and Gini index. The results of this study indicate that in the short term the trade openness has negative impact significantly on the income inequality. However, in the long-run, it does not show any significant effect in decreasing the income inequality rate. The impulse response function (IRF) concluded that income inequality gives a positive response, except on the third year. Based on the forecast error variance decomposition (FEDV), the trade openness does not provide any significant contribution in effecting the income inequality in Indonesia, but economic growth does. Nevertheless, in long-term, the economic growth makes the income inequality getting worse than in the short-term. DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v7i1.5527
{"title":"Trade Openness Effect on Income Inequality: Empirical Evidence From Indonesia","authors":"Lestari Agusalim, Fanny Suzuda Pohan","doi":"10.15408/sjie.v7i1.5527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v7i1.5527","url":null,"abstract":"This research analyzed the effect of international trade openness to income inequality in Indonesia using Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The data used is the secondary data, which are the export-import value, gross domestic product (GDP), GDP per capita, open unemployment rate, and Gini index. The results of this study indicate that in the short term the trade openness has negative impact significantly on the income inequality. However, in the long-run, it does not show any significant effect in decreasing the income inequality rate. The impulse response function (IRF) concluded that income inequality gives a positive response, except on the third year. Based on the forecast error variance decomposition (FEDV), the trade openness does not provide any significant contribution in effecting the income inequality in Indonesia, but economic growth does. Nevertheless, in long-term, the economic growth makes the income inequality getting worse than in the short-term. DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v7i1.5527","PeriodicalId":31086,"journal":{"name":"Signifikan","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48108189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper analyzes the asymmetric impact of oil price changes on the economic growth of and inflation in Indonesia by using the vector autoregression (VAR) model for the period from 1990Q1 to 2016Q4. The results show that the impact of oil price changes on the gross domestic product (GDP) is asymmetric, as a drop in oil prices decreases the GDP, whereas an increase in oil prices does not significantly affect GDP. It is crucial for Indonesia to reduce its dependency on oil, mainly as its primary source of revenue, and also consider utilizing more sources of renewable energy. At the same time, the effects of both the positive and negative changes in oil prices are found to be not statistically significant to inflation. The lack of impact of oil price changes on inflation can explain by the implementation of the fuel price subsidy in Indonesia. DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v7i1.6052
{"title":"The Asymmetric Effects of Oil Price Changes on the Economic Activities in Indonesia","authors":"Rina Juliet Artami, Y. Hara","doi":"10.15408/sjie.v7i1.6052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v7i1.6052","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes the asymmetric impact of oil price changes on the economic growth of and inflation in Indonesia by using the vector autoregression (VAR) model for the period from 1990Q1 to 2016Q4. The results show that the impact of oil price changes on the gross domestic product (GDP) is asymmetric, as a drop in oil prices decreases the GDP, whereas an increase in oil prices does not significantly affect GDP. It is crucial for Indonesia to reduce its dependency on oil, mainly as its primary source of revenue, and also consider utilizing more sources of renewable energy. At the same time, the effects of both the positive and negative changes in oil prices are found to be not statistically significant to inflation. The lack of impact of oil price changes on inflation can explain by the implementation of the fuel price subsidy in Indonesia. DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v7i1.6052","PeriodicalId":31086,"journal":{"name":"Signifikan","volume":"7 1","pages":"59-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49245637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is essential to the government to recognize the factors causing the increasing trend of income inequality in Indonesia since the Gini coefficient increased between 1996 and 2016. Moreover, wage inequality, which represented by high percentile and low percentile of income, also shows widening gap since 2003. This study focuses on the factors of wage inequality acceleration through the supply side approach that follows the Mincerian wage equation model. Specifically, this paper aims to investigate the association between the return to education and wage inequality in Indonesia. The quantile regression method is applied to compute the return on the investment at different points of the wage distribution. The main finding is that education contributes to an increasing wage inequality due to the significant variation in the rate of return to education in different quantile and as increasing wage dispersion within the same education. DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v7i1.6071
{"title":"Wage Inequality and Return to Education in Indonesia: Quantile Regression Analysis","authors":"Restuning Dyah Widyanti","doi":"10.15408/sjie.v7i1.6071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v7i1.6071","url":null,"abstract":"It is essential to the government to recognize the factors causing the increasing trend of income inequality in Indonesia since the Gini coefficient increased between 1996 and 2016. Moreover, wage inequality, which represented by high percentile and low percentile of income, also shows widening gap since 2003. This study focuses on the factors of wage inequality acceleration through the supply side approach that follows the Mincerian wage equation model. Specifically, this paper aims to investigate the association between the return to education and wage inequality in Indonesia. The quantile regression method is applied to compute the return on the investment at different points of the wage distribution. The main finding is that education contributes to an increasing wage inequality due to the significant variation in the rate of return to education in different quantile and as increasing wage dispersion within the same education. DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v7i1.6071","PeriodicalId":31086,"journal":{"name":"Signifikan","volume":"7 1","pages":"27-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47111948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was aimed to determine the impact of industrialization on the regional economic development. Gresik regency was chosen as the research setting for it is one of largest industrial areas in East Java. The analysis instruments used were: First, the regression analysis, to determine the impact of industrialization on economic growth, unemployment, and poverty. Second, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), it was used to investigate the impact of industrialization on the community welfare. Third, Monte Carlo simulation that used to formulate a recommendation. The result showed that the industrialization in Gresik still has not been able to give extensive significant impact for the community in Gresik regency and its existence can only be enjoyed by nearby residents. Based on the simulation results, showed that the strong commitment between Gresik local government and the industry in order to address the problem of unemployment is very necessary due to its’ greatest impact. DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v6i2.5334
{"title":"The Impact of Industrialization on The Regional Economic Development and Community Welfare","authors":"S. Sutikno, M. S. W. Suliswanto","doi":"10.15408/sjie.v6i2.5334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v6i2.5334","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aimed to determine the impact of industrialization on the regional economic development. Gresik regency was chosen as the research setting for it is one of largest industrial areas in East Java. The analysis instruments used were: First, the regression analysis, to determine the impact of industrialization on economic growth, unemployment, and poverty. Second, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), it was used to investigate the impact of industrialization on the community welfare. Third, Monte Carlo simulation that used to formulate a recommendation. The result showed that the industrialization in Gresik still has not been able to give extensive significant impact for the community in Gresik regency and its existence can only be enjoyed by nearby residents. Based on the simulation results, showed that the strong commitment between Gresik local government and the industry in order to address the problem of unemployment is very necessary due to its’ greatest impact. DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v6i2.5334","PeriodicalId":31086,"journal":{"name":"Signifikan","volume":"6 1","pages":"231-246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42912526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Poverty is still become a main problem for Indonesia, where recently, the view point of poverty is not just from income or consumption, but it’s defined multidimensionally. The understanding of the structure of multidimensional poverty is essential to government to develop policies for poverty reduction. This paper aims to describe the structure of poverty in East Java by using variables forming the dimensions of poverty and to investigate any clustering patterns in the region of East Java with considering the poverty variables using biclustering method. Biclustering is an unsupervised technique in data mining where we are grouping scalars from the two-dimensional matrix. Using bicluster analysis, we found two bicluster where each bicluster has different characteristics. DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v6i2.4769
{"title":"Understanding Structure of Poverty Dimensions in East Java: Bicluster Approach","authors":"Budi Yuniarto, R. Kurniawan","doi":"10.15408/SJIE.V6I2.4769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/SJIE.V6I2.4769","url":null,"abstract":"Poverty is still become a main problem for Indonesia, where recently, the view point of poverty is not just from income or consumption, but it’s defined multidimensionally. The understanding of the structure of multidimensional poverty is essential to government to develop policies for poverty reduction. This paper aims to describe the structure of poverty in East Java by using variables forming the dimensions of poverty and to investigate any clustering patterns in the region of East Java with considering the poverty variables using biclustering method. Biclustering is an unsupervised technique in data mining where we are grouping scalars from the two-dimensional matrix. Using bicluster analysis, we found two bicluster where each bicluster has different characteristics. DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v6i2.4769","PeriodicalId":31086,"journal":{"name":"Signifikan","volume":"6 1","pages":"289-300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44355581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Subprime mortage’s crisis in United States 2008 giving effect to the global capital markets especially the stock price index of the mining sector Indonesia. This research analyzes the effect of BI Rate, exchange rate, world gold price, crude oil price, and Dow Jones Industrial Average on the stock price index of the mining sector. This research employs time series monthly data of 2009-2016 with Error Correction Model-Engle Granger (ECM-EG) as the method. The analysis showed that the BI rate, exchange rate and world gold price, has a negative and significant effect. World oil prices affect positively but not significant meanwhile the Dow Jones Industrial Average has a positive and significant impact on the stock price index of the mining sector. For investors in the mining sector, should pay attention to the exchange rate of the rupiah and Dow Jones Index significantly in the mining sector of the stock price index. DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v6i2.5395
{"title":"Performance Analysis of Indonesia’s Mining Sector Price Index","authors":"Hastra Reza Satyatama, Riwi Sumantyo","doi":"10.15408/SJIE.V6I2.5395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/SJIE.V6I2.5395","url":null,"abstract":"Subprime mortage’s crisis in United States 2008 giving effect to the global capital markets especially the stock price index of the mining sector Indonesia. This research analyzes the effect of BI Rate, exchange rate, world gold price, crude oil price, and Dow Jones Industrial Average on the stock price index of the mining sector. This research employs time series monthly data of 2009-2016 with Error Correction Model-Engle Granger (ECM-EG) as the method. The analysis showed that the BI rate, exchange rate and world gold price, has a negative and significant effect. World oil prices affect positively but not significant meanwhile the Dow Jones Industrial Average has a positive and significant impact on the stock price index of the mining sector. For investors in the mining sector, should pay attention to the exchange rate of the rupiah and Dow Jones Index significantly in the mining sector of the stock price index. DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v6i2.5395","PeriodicalId":31086,"journal":{"name":"Signifikan","volume":"6 1","pages":"357-370"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45222211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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