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2012 25th Symposium on Integrated Circuits and Systems Design (SBCCI)最新文献

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Return-to-one protocol for reducing static power in C-elements of QDI circuits employing m-of-n codes 采用m-of-n码的QDI电路c元降低静态功率的归一协议
Pub Date : 2012-11-12 DOI: 10.1109/SBCCI.2012.6344444
Matheus T. Moreira, R. Guazzelli, Ney Laert Vilar Calazans
The scaling of microelectronic technologies brings new challenges to the design of complex SoCs. For example, fully synchronous SoCs may soon become unfeasible to build. Asynchronous design techniques increasingly mingle within SoC design procedures to achieve functional and efficient systems, where synchronous modules are independently designed and verified. This is followed by module integration by means of asynchronous interfaces and communication architectures, forming a globally asynchronous, locally synchronous (GALS) system. Among multiple asynchronous design styles, the quasi delay insensitive (QDI) stands out for its robustness to delay variations. When coupled to delay insensitive (DI) codes like m-of-n and to four-phase handshake protocols, the QDI style produces the dominant asynchronous template currently in use. This work presents a technique to reduce the static power consumption of asynchronous QDI circuits using any m-of-n code and a four-phase handshake protocol, by proposing the utilization of a non-classical spacer encoding, namely all-1s. The article shows that the use of the traditional all-0s spacers may lead to static power consumption figures that are in some cases more than twice larger than the static power consumed by all-1s spacers in C-elements, the most common device used in asynchronous templates. Experiments demonstrate the new spacer reduces static power consumption without increase in complexity.
微电子技术的规模化给复杂soc的设计带来了新的挑战。例如,完全同步的soc可能很快就无法构建。异步设计技术越来越多地融入到SoC设计过程中,以实现功能和高效的系统,其中同步模块是独立设计和验证的。然后通过异步接口和通信体系结构进行模块集成,形成全局异步、局部同步(GALS)系统。在多种异步设计风格中,准延迟不敏感设计(QDI)以其对延迟变化的鲁棒性而脱颖而出。当与延迟不敏感(DI)代码(如m-of-n)和四阶段握手协议耦合时,QDI样式产生当前使用的主要异步模板。这项工作提出了一种技术,以减少异步QDI电路的静态功耗,使用任何m-of-n编码和四阶段握手协议,通过提出使用非经典间隔编码,即全1s。本文显示,使用传统的全0分隔符可能导致静态功耗数据,在某些情况下,静态功耗数据比c元素(异步模板中最常用的设备)中全1分隔符消耗的静态功耗大两倍以上。实验证明,这种新型隔离器在不增加系统复杂性的前提下,降低了静态功耗。
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引用次数: 35
NSP kernel finder - A methodology to find and to build non-series-parallel transistor arrangements NSP内核查找器-一种查找和构建非串并联晶体管排列的方法
Pub Date : 2012-11-12 DOI: 10.1109/SBCCI.2012.6344452
V. Possani, F. Marques, L. Rosa, V. Callegaro, A. Reis, R. Ribas
The transistor arrangement optimization is an effective possibility to improve logic gates and, consequently, VLSI design. This paper presents a graph-based methodology to determine if an ISOP may be implemented in non-series-parallel (NSP) switch arrangement. The proposed method aims to combine the cubes of such ISOP to build a graph where the vertices represent the cubes and the edges exist whether the vertices have common literals. Hence, if the obtained graph has the same topology of a `bridge' arrangement and each cube has all literals shared through the edges, this ISOP may be efficiently implemented through a NSP transistor network. The experiments were performed over the set of 4-input P-class Boolean functions, and the results were compared to the Moore's catalog. These experiments demonstrate that the proposed method tends to deliver optimal solutions for unate functions. Moreover, the method was able to determine equivalent SP or NSP transistor arrangements in 82.69% of the cases when considering a set of non-unate functions.
晶体管排列优化是改进逻辑门,进而改进超大规模集成电路设计的有效可能性。本文提出了一种基于图的方法来确定ISOP是否可以在非串并联(NSP)开关布置中实现。提出的方法旨在将这些ISOP的立方体组合在一起构建一个图,其中顶点表示立方体,并且无论顶点是否具有共同的字面量,都存在边。因此,如果获得的图具有相同的“桥”排列拓扑,并且每个立方体具有通过边缘共享的所有文字,则该ISOP可以通过NSP晶体管网络有效地实现。实验是在一组4输入p类布尔函数上进行的,并将结果与摩尔目录进行了比较。这些实验表明,所提出的方法倾向于为单一函数提供最优解。此外,当考虑一组非单函数时,该方法能够在82.69%的情况下确定等效的SP或NSP晶体管排列。
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引用次数: 6
A formally verified deadlock-free routing function in a fault-tolerant NoC architecture 在容错NoC架构中正式验证的无死锁路由功能
Pub Date : 2012-11-12 DOI: 10.1109/SBCCI.2012.6344433
Abdulaziz Alhussien, N. Bagherzadeh, Freek Verbeek, B. V. Gastel, J. Schmaltz
A novel fault-tolerant adaptive wormhole routing function for Networks-on-Chips (NoCs) is presented. The routing function guarantees absence of deadlocks and livelocks up to two faulty channels. The routing logic does not require reconfiguration when a fault occurs. The routes themselves are dynamic. Based on the faults in the network, alternative routes are used to reroute packets. Routing decisions are based only on local knowledge, which allows for fast switching. Our approach does not use any costly virtual channels. As we do not prohibit cyclic dependencies, the routing function provides minimal routing from source to destination even in the presence of faults. We have implemented the architecture design using synthesizable HDL. To ensure deadlock freedom, we have extended a formally verified deadlock detection algorithm to deal with fault tolerant designs. For a 20×20 mesh, we have formally proven deadlock freedom of our design in all of the 2,878,800 configurations in which two channels are faulty. We supply experimental results showing the performance of our architecture.
提出了一种新的基于片上网络的容错自适应虫洞路由函数。路由功能保证没有死锁和最多两个故障通道的活动锁。当故障发生时,路由逻辑不需要重新配置。路由本身是动态的。根据网络的故障情况,采用备选路由重新路由报文。路由决策仅基于本地知识,这允许快速交换。我们的方法不使用任何昂贵的虚拟通道。由于我们不禁止循环依赖,因此即使在存在故障的情况下,路由函数也提供了从源到目的地的最小路由。采用可合成的HDL语言实现了系统的结构设计。为了保证死锁自由,我们扩展了一种经过正式验证的死锁检测算法来处理容错设计。对于20×20网格,我们已经正式证明了我们的设计在所有2,878,800种配置(其中两个通道有故障)中的死锁自由。我们提供了显示我们的架构性能的实验结果。
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引用次数: 4
FPGA design for real time flaw detection on edges using the LEDges technique 利用LEDges技术实现边缘实时缺陷检测的FPGA设计
Pub Date : 2012-11-12 DOI: 10.1109/SBCCI.2012.6344420
Y. N. Batista, C. Araujo, A. Silva-Filho
This work presents a FPGA design for real time flaw detection on edges based on LEDges technique. The LEDges, on one hand, significantly reduces the computational effort to perform the image segmentation, representation and description. On the other hand reduces the use of costly architectural resources such as processor and memory. Thus the FPGA design of the LEDges allows the implementation of automated visual inspection systems satisfying the increasing demand for performance. We have developed, implemented and applied the FPGA design to a real industrial problem, where defects were successfully detected on edges of toothpaste tubes. We achieve lower response time and lower use of computational resources than other solutions which have same computational complexity.
本文提出了一种基于LEDges技术的实时边缘缺陷检测FPGA设计。一方面,LEDges大大减少了执行图像分割,表示和描述的计算工作量。另一方面,减少了昂贵的架构资源(如处理器和内存)的使用。因此,LEDges的FPGA设计允许实现满足日益增长的性能需求的自动视觉检测系统。我们已经开发,实现并应用FPGA设计到一个实际的工业问题中,在牙膏管边缘成功检测到缺陷。与具有相同计算复杂度的其他解决方案相比,我们实现了更短的响应时间和更低的计算资源使用。
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引用次数: 0
Memory and communication driven spatio-temporal scheduling on MPSoCs 存储器和通信驱动的mpsoc时空调度
Pub Date : 2012-11-12 DOI: 10.1109/SBCCI.2012.6344423
Z. Bhatti, Narasinga Rao Miniskar, D. Preuveneers, Roel Wuyts, Y. Berbers, F. Catthoor
Scheduling and executing software efficiently on contemporary embedded systems, featuring heterogeneous multi-processors, multiple power modes, complex memory hierarchies and advanced interconnects, is a daunting task. State-of-the-art tools that schedule software tasks to hardware resources face limitations: (1) either they do not take into account the interdependancies among processing, memory and communication constraints (2) or they decouple the problem of spatial assignment from temporal scheduling. As a result existing tools make sub-optimal spatio-temporal scheduling decisions. This paper presents a technique to find globally optimized solutions by co-exploring spatio-temporal schedules for computation, data storage and communication simultaneously, considering the interdependencies between them. Experiments on mapping exploration of an image processing application on a heterogeneous MPSoC platform show that this co-exploration methodology finds schedules that are more energy efficient, when compared to decoupled exploration techniques for the particular application and target platform.
现代嵌入式系统具有异构多处理器、多种电源模式、复杂的内存层次结构和先进的互连技术,在这些系统上高效地调度和执行软件是一项艰巨的任务。将软件任务调度到硬件资源的最先进的工具面临着局限性:(1)它们要么没有考虑到处理、内存和通信约束之间的相互依赖性(2),要么将空间分配问题与时间调度解耦。因此,现有的工具只能做出次优的时空调度决策。考虑计算、数据存储和通信三者之间的相互依赖关系,提出了一种通过同时探索时空调度来寻找全局最优解的方法。在异构MPSoC平台上对图像处理应用程序的映射探索实验表明,与针对特定应用程序和目标平台的解耦勘探技术相比,这种协同探索方法找到了更节能的时间表。
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引用次数: 6
Topological impact on latency and throughput: 2D versus 3D NoC comparison 拓扑对延迟和吞吐量的影响:2D与3D NoC比较
Pub Date : 2012-11-12 DOI: 10.1109/SBCCI.2012.6344439
Y. Ghidini, T. Webber, E. I. Moreno, Ivan Quadros, R. Fagundes, C. Marcon
NoC has emerged as as efficient communication infrastructure to fulfill the heavy communication requirements of several applications, which are implemented on MPSoC target architectures. 2D NoCs are natural choices of communication infrastructure for the majority of actual chip fabrication technologies. However, wire delay and power consumption are dramatically increasing even when using this kind of topology. In this sense, 3D NoC emerges as an improvement of 2D NoC aiming to reduce the length and number of global interconnections. This work explores architectural impacts of 2D and 3D NoC topologies on latency, throughput and network occupancy. We show that, in average, 3D topologies minimize 30% the application latency and increase 56% the packets throughput, when compared to 2D topologies. In addition, the paper explores the influence of the buffer length on communication architecture latency and on application latency, highlighting that when applying an appropriate buffer length the application latency in reduced up to 3.4 times for 2D topologies and 2.3 times for 3D topologies.
NoC已经成为一种高效的通信基础设施,可以满足在MPSoC目标架构上实现的多种应用的繁重通信需求。2D noc是大多数实际芯片制造技术的通信基础设施的自然选择。然而,即使使用这种拓扑,导线延迟和功耗也会急剧增加。从这个意义上说,3D NoC作为2D NoC的改进而出现,旨在减少全球互连的长度和数量。这项工作探讨了2D和3D NoC拓扑对延迟、吞吐量和网络占用的架构影响。我们表明,与2D拓扑相比,3D拓扑平均可将30%的应用程序延迟最小化,并增加56%的数据包吞吐量。此外,本文还探讨了缓冲区长度对通信架构延迟和应用程序延迟的影响,强调当应用适当的缓冲区长度时,2D拓扑的应用程序延迟减少了3.4倍,3D拓扑的应用程序延迟减少了2.3倍。
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引用次数: 10
Extended use of pseudo-flash reset technique for an active pixel with logarithmic compressed response 对具有对数压缩响应的活动像素扩展使用伪闪光复位技术
Pub Date : 2012-11-12 DOI: 10.1109/SBCCI.2012.6344425
C. Cruz, Israel L. Marinho, D. Monteiro
The pseudo-flash reset (P-FRST) is a technique used to reduce image lag in CMOS active-pixel sensors (APS). The compact pixel topology consisting of a photodetector and three FETs (3T APS) is widely employed because of its large fill factor combined with the possibility to operate in both linear and logarithmic compressed-response (LCR) modes. The use of these two modes in a single readout cycle yields good low-light sensitivity and extended dynamic range (DR). However, fabrication non idealities result in fixed-pattern noise (FPN) across the image-sensor chip and cannot be reduced by classical double-sampling readout subtraction (DSRS). In the present work, we propose an extended use of the P-FRST technique to provide an adequate voltage reference on pixel, in order to enable DSRS, thus reducing FPN in conventional 3T APS operating in mixed linear-LCR mode.
伪闪光复位(P-FRST)是一种用于减少CMOS有源像素传感器(APS)图像滞后的技术。紧凑的像素拓扑结构由一个光电探测器和三个场效应管(3T APS)组成,由于其大的填充因子以及在线性和对数压缩响应(LCR)模式下工作的可能性而被广泛应用。在单个读出周期中使用这两种模式可产生良好的低光灵敏度和扩展的动态范围(DR)。然而,制造非理想性导致图像传感器芯片上的固定模式噪声(FPN)无法通过经典的双采样读出减法(DSRS)来降低。在目前的工作中,我们建议扩展使用P-FRST技术来提供足够的像素电压参考,以实现DSRS,从而降低在混合线性- lcr模式下工作的传统3T APS的FPN。
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引用次数: 3
Hardware and software co-design for the AAC audio decoder AAC音频解码器的软硬件协同设计
Pub Date : 2012-11-12 DOI: 10.1109/SBCCI.2012.6344447
R. C. Sampaio, P. Berger, R. Jacobi
This paper presents a HW/SW Co-design of an AAC-LC audio decoder implemented on an FPGA. The complexity of each decoding step is analyzed and the decoding modules are classified by their computational requirements. The result is a balanced design with software modules running on a processor used to implement the various types of AAC input formats (MP4 Standard files and LATM/LOAS Stream) as well as the bitstream parser. Hardware modules are used for the calculation intensive parts of the algorithm (Huffman Decoding, Spectral Tools, Filterbank). The integrated design is implemented on an Altera Cyclone II FPGA with NIOS II/s as a processor and was able to decode 5.1 (6 channels) audio wavefiles running at 50MHz while other FPGA designs seen on literature decode only 2 channels with half the frequency.
本文提出了一种基于FPGA的AAC-LC音频解码器软硬件协同设计方案。分析了每个解码步骤的复杂度,并根据解码模块的计算需求对其进行了分类。结果是一个平衡的设计,软件模块运行在一个处理器上,用于实现各种类型的AAC输入格式(MP4标准文件和LATM/LOAS流)以及位流解析器。硬件模块用于算法的计算密集部分(霍夫曼解码,频谱工具,滤波器组)。集成设计在Altera Cyclone II FPGA上实现,NIOS II/s作为处理器,能够解码运行在50MHz的5.1(6通道)音频波文件,而文献中看到的其他FPGA设计仅解码2通道,频率为一半。
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引用次数: 4
A PLL for clock generation with automatic frequency control under TID effects 一个锁相环,用于在TID效应下自动频率控制的时钟生成
Pub Date : 2012-11-12 DOI: 10.1109/SBCCI.2012.6344441
Ricardo Vanni Dallasen, G. Wirth, T. H. Both
This paper presents a PLL scheme for clock generation with a Total Ionizing Dose (TID) degradation detector. Externally to the PLL circuitry, when the degradation due to TID effects reaches a certain predefined threshold, the circuit reduces the clock frequency output. To compensate for the increased delay caused by the total dose effect (TID), the system increases the clock period in order to avoid timing violations, increasing the chip lifespan. The circuit was designed in a 0.35μm CMOS process and simulated with HSPICE tool.
提出了一种带总电离剂量(TID)衰减检测器的锁相环时钟生成方案。在锁相环电路外部,当由于TID效应导致的衰减达到某个预定义的阈值时,电路降低时钟频率输出。为了补偿由总剂量效应(TID)引起的增加的延迟,系统增加时钟周期以避免时间冲突,增加芯片寿命。采用0.35μm CMOS工艺设计了该电路,并用HSPICE工具进行了仿真。
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引用次数: 1
Application-Specific Network-on-Chip synthesis with topology-aware floorplanning 特定应用的片上网络综合与拓扑感知平面规划
Pub Date : 2012-11-12 DOI: 10.1109/SBCCI.2012.6344421
Bo Huang, Song Chen, Wei Zhong, T. Yoshimura
Application-Specific Network-on-Chip (ASNoC) architecture is more promising than regular network-on-Chip(NoC) for some particular applications. In ASNoC Design, one of the key challenges is to generate the most suitable and power efficient NoC topology. In previous works, the placement of the cores and network components, and the path allocation are explored separately. However, the path allocation strongly depends on the placement of cores and network components. In this paper, we integrate these steps together through the floorplanning with the cluster reconstruction and path allocation (FCRPA). Several SoC benchmarks have been tested and the results showed improvements over the latest works.
对于某些特定的应用,专用于应用程序的片上网络(ASNoC)架构比常规的片上网络(NoC)更有前途。在ASNoC设计中,关键挑战之一是生成最合适和最节能的NoC拓扑。在以前的工作中,分别探讨了核心和网络组件的放置以及路径分配。但是,路径分配很大程度上取决于核心和网络组件的位置。在本文中,我们通过平面规划与集群重建和路径分配(FCRPA)将这些步骤整合在一起。已经测试了几个SoC基准,结果显示比最新的工作有所改进。
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引用次数: 12
期刊
2012 25th Symposium on Integrated Circuits and Systems Design (SBCCI)
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