Pub Date : 2022-12-12DOI: 10.1163/21971927-bja10035
Stefan Emeis, J. Fallmann
Making urban areas more sustainable by transferring scientific results into the building, shaping, and governance of cities is a complicated process which involves – amongst other dimensions – science, local governance, and regulatory processes. There are non-linear interactions within each of these three dimensions which are influenced and enhanced by interactions between the three dimensions. After a short analysis of different sustainability concepts, this conceptual paper considers each of the three dimensions and finally tries to find some suggestions as to how these dimensions could interact more smoothly also considering Triple Helix theory. One basic suggestion is that without updating laws, norms, and standards, urban administrations will often not be able to integrate new scientific findings into procedures for more sustainable cities. That is, all three dimensions need to be aligned in the process of building sustainable cities.
{"title":"Unsatisfying Transfer of Climate Research to Urban Planning: The Regulatory Trap in the Triple Helix","authors":"Stefan Emeis, J. Fallmann","doi":"10.1163/21971927-bja10035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21971927-bja10035","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Making urban areas more sustainable by transferring scientific results into the building, shaping, and governance of cities is a complicated process which involves – amongst other dimensions – science, local governance, and regulatory processes. There are non-linear interactions within each of these three dimensions which are influenced and enhanced by interactions between the three dimensions. After a short analysis of different sustainability concepts, this conceptual paper considers each of the three dimensions and finally tries to find some suggestions as to how these dimensions could interact more smoothly also considering Triple Helix theory. One basic suggestion is that without updating laws, norms, and standards, urban administrations will often not be able to integrate new scientific findings into procedures for more sustainable cities. That is, all three dimensions need to be aligned in the process of building sustainable cities.","PeriodicalId":31161,"journal":{"name":"Triple Helix","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41581988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-13DOI: 10.1163/21971927-bja10034
Pedro Costa Simões, A. C. Moreira, Carlos Mendes Dias
Since the emergence of the Triple Helix, expansions to Quadruple, Quintuple, N-tuple helices, and models decomposing higher-order helices into multiple interrelated triple helices, or two-layer triple helices have been proposed. Albeit presenting alternative conceptual frameworks these different Helix models seem unsuited to address internal boundaries to the institutional spheres of the university, industry, and government. Addressing this circumstance, the present article pursues the research purpose of conceptualizing a perspective that opens the possibility of analysis to occur between but also within the boundaries of the institutional spheres. To that effect it advocates the application of different reference frames (scopes) to capture the dynamics that empirically emerge from the system under research. The novelty of this study is that it expands the existing theory by proposing that adding “scopes” (instead of introducing new helices) can increase the analytical potential of the Triple Helix.
{"title":"The “Endless Perspective” to University – Industry – Government Relations","authors":"Pedro Costa Simões, A. C. Moreira, Carlos Mendes Dias","doi":"10.1163/21971927-bja10034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21971927-bja10034","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Since the emergence of the Triple Helix, expansions to Quadruple, Quintuple, N-tuple helices, and models decomposing higher-order helices into multiple interrelated triple helices, or two-layer triple helices have been proposed. Albeit presenting alternative conceptual frameworks these different Helix models seem unsuited to address internal boundaries to the institutional spheres of the university, industry, and government. Addressing this circumstance, the present article pursues the research purpose of conceptualizing a perspective that opens the possibility of analysis to occur between but also within the boundaries of the institutional spheres. To that effect it advocates the application of different reference frames (scopes) to capture the dynamics that empirically emerge from the system under research. The novelty of this study is that it expands the existing theory by proposing that adding “scopes” (instead of introducing new helices) can increase the analytical potential of the Triple Helix.","PeriodicalId":31161,"journal":{"name":"Triple Helix","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45665372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1163/21971927-12340007
Yuzhuo Cai, M. Amaral
{"title":"Triple Helix Model of Innovation: From Boundaries to Frontiers","authors":"Yuzhuo Cai, M. Amaral","doi":"10.1163/21971927-12340007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21971927-12340007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31161,"journal":{"name":"Triple Helix","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45773129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1163/21971927-bja10032
Olga Izdebska, J. Knieling, Nancy Kretschmann, Maischa-Katharina Woyna
This article explores the enabling factors and actors involved in the transformation pathways towards climate resilience of two German cities: Halle (Saale) and Mannheim. A specifically developed analytical framework served as basis for making the complex developments of the transformation paths of the two cities visible and comparable. The analysis has shown that despite strong similarities in terms of climate change impacts, the cities acted under very different political and economic conditions and thus applied particular strategic and tactical approaches and steering instruments. It can be stated that preparation of climate strategies, creation of a supporting central unit for climate issues and exemplary implementation of selected measures by the administration, as well as awareness-raising and cooperation with the stakeholders and citizens have played a key role in the cities’ transformation. In both cities, the city administration took the role of innovation organiser and orchestrated the pathway towards becoming climate resilient.
{"title":"Transformation Pathways Towards Climate Resilient Cities: A Comparative Analysis of Halle (Saale) and Mannheim, Germany","authors":"Olga Izdebska, J. Knieling, Nancy Kretschmann, Maischa-Katharina Woyna","doi":"10.1163/21971927-bja10032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21971927-bja10032","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article explores the enabling factors and actors involved in the transformation pathways towards climate resilience of two German cities: Halle (Saale) and Mannheim. A specifically developed analytical framework served as basis for making the complex developments of the transformation paths of the two cities visible and comparable. The analysis has shown that despite strong similarities in terms of climate change impacts, the cities acted under very different political and economic conditions and thus applied particular strategic and tactical approaches and steering instruments. It can be stated that preparation of climate strategies, creation of a supporting central unit for climate issues and exemplary implementation of selected measures by the administration, as well as awareness-raising and cooperation with the stakeholders and citizens have played a key role in the cities’ transformation. In both cities, the city administration took the role of innovation organiser and orchestrated the pathway towards becoming climate resilient.","PeriodicalId":31161,"journal":{"name":"Triple Helix","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42583333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-08DOI: 10.1163/21971927-bja10033
Helen Lawton Smith, Loet Leydesdorff
In the original Triple Helix model (Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff 1995), the three “helices” of Universities, Industry and Government and the (3-way) interactions among and between them were proposed as a basis for looking at how entrepreneurship comes into being. Since the original article, other “helix-based” models have been proposed. Some vary the triple and others propose higher numbers of helix – with 4 and 5as the most typical extensions. In the article “Triple, Quadruple, and Higher-Order Helices: Historical phenomena and (neo-)evolutionary models,” Leydesdorff and Lawton Smith (2022) developed an Information-Theory based approach to look more formally at the need for higher-order helices.
In the case of two helices, processes of mutual shaping can generate historical trajectories that could have been otherwise: other options providing possible states, which have not yet historically been realized (Petersen et al., 2016). Adding a third helix makes a substantive change from an information point of view: a Triple Helix model is not just the sum of three sets of 2-way interactions. However, once this number has been reached further additions can be decomposed into sets of triads (Batagelj et al., 2014; Simmel, 1902). This leads to the suggestion that higher-dimensional helix structures potentially add little to discourse.
Four (sets of) authors were asked by the Editors of the Triple Helix to respond to Leydesdorff and Lawton Smith (2022). Many insightful and interesting points were raised including convenience, presentation and the need to allow a more unified theory model. These are discussed in this article’s “responses to just criticism” (Shostakovich, 1937). It continues the debate on triple and higher-order helices by summarising and responding to the points made by those commentators. What may be the status of triple and/or higher-order helices?
在最初的三螺旋模型(Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff 1995)中，提出了大学、产业和政府这三个“螺旋”，以及它们之间的(三向)相互作用，作为研究企业家精神如何形成的基础。自最初的文章以来，已经提出了其他“基于螺旋”的模型。一些人改变了三倍，另一些人提出了更高的螺旋数——以4和5作为最典型的扩展。在文章《三重、四重和高阶螺旋:历史现象和(新)进化模型》中，Leydesdorff和Lawton Smith(2022)开发了一种基于信息论的方法，更正式地研究了对高阶螺旋的需求。在两个螺旋的情况下，相互塑造的过程可以产生原本可能不同的历史轨迹:其他选项提供了历史上尚未实现的可能状态(Petersen et al.， 2016)。从信息的角度来看，添加第三个螺旋会带来实质性的变化:三螺旋模型不仅仅是三组双向交互的总和。然而，一旦达到这个数字，进一步的加法可以分解为三合集(Batagelj等人，2014;Simmel完成,1902)。这导致了高维螺旋结构可能对话语没有什么帮助的建议。《三重螺旋》的编辑要求四(组)作者回应莱兹多夫和劳顿·史密斯(2022)。提出了许多有见地和有趣的观点，包括方便性、表达方式和允许更统一的理论模型的必要性。这些都在本文的“对公正批评的回应”(肖斯塔科维奇，1937)中进行了讨论。通过总结和回应那些评论者的观点，它继续了关于三重螺旋和高阶螺旋的辩论。三重螺旋和/或高阶螺旋的状态是什么?
{"title":"Have Quadruple and Quintuple Helices Emerged? Metaphors, Project Titles, and Empirical Research","authors":"Helen Lawton Smith, Loet Leydesdorff","doi":"10.1163/21971927-bja10033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21971927-bja10033","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the original Triple Helix model (Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff 1995), the three “helices” of Universities, Industry and Government and the (3-way) interactions among and between them were proposed as a basis for looking at how entrepreneurship comes into being. Since the original article, other “helix-based” models have been proposed. Some vary the triple and others propose higher numbers of helix – with 4 and 5as the most typical extensions. In the article “Triple, Quadruple, and Higher-Order Helices: Historical phenomena and (neo-)evolutionary models,” Leydesdorff and Lawton Smith (2022) developed an Information-Theory based approach to look more formally at the need for higher-order helices.</p><p>In the case of two helices, processes of mutual shaping can generate historical trajectories that could have been otherwise: other options providing possible states, which have not yet historically been realized (Petersen et al., 2016). Adding a third helix makes a substantive change from an information point of view: a Triple Helix model is not just the sum of three sets of 2-way interactions. However, once this number has been reached further additions can be decomposed into sets of triads (Batagelj et al., 2014; Simmel, 1902). This leads to the suggestion that higher-dimensional helix structures potentially add little to discourse.</p><p>Four (sets of) authors were asked by the Editors of the <em>Triple Helix</em> to respond to Leydesdorff and Lawton Smith (2022). Many insightful and interesting points were raised including convenience, presentation and the need to allow a more unified theory model. These are discussed in this article’s “responses to just criticism” (Shostakovich, 1937). It continues the debate on triple and higher-order helices by summarising and responding to the points made by those commentators. What may be the status of triple and/or higher-order helices?</p>","PeriodicalId":31161,"journal":{"name":"Triple Helix","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138508521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-07DOI: 10.1163/21971927-bja10031
C. Gebhardt, Mariza Almeida, H. Etzkowitz
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) gives policy recommendations based on scientific research and agreed climate targets. We outline the concepts and requirements for implementing the sustainability goals. The Triple Helix Twin model is tested as method to analyze the governance of environmental policy formation and implementation. The model is applied to the controversial case of creating the large-scale natural area Northern Park Black Forest in Germany in the period of 2011 to 2014. The protected zone was set up employing criteria of the International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN (Category II National Parks). The findings indicate that the creation of protected areas need the participation of stakeholders to address so-called wicked problems that arise between diverse social needs and science based expert knowledge. Findings contribute to the operationalization of the Triple Helix Twins (THT) model for analysing policy impact and transformational governance. We recommend to employ the Triple Helix Twins for future comparative research of the transition from high level concept to local realization.
{"title":"Triple Helix Twins: Operationalizing the Sustainability Agenda in the Northern Black Forest National Park in Germany","authors":"C. Gebhardt, Mariza Almeida, H. Etzkowitz","doi":"10.1163/21971927-bja10031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21971927-bja10031","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) gives policy recommendations based on scientific research and agreed climate targets. We outline the concepts and requirements for implementing the sustainability goals. The Triple Helix Twin model is tested as method to analyze the governance of environmental policy formation and implementation. The model is applied to the controversial case of creating the large-scale natural area Northern Park Black Forest in Germany in the period of 2011 to 2014. The protected zone was set up employing criteria of the International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN (Category II National Parks). The findings indicate that the creation of protected areas need the participation of stakeholders to address so-called wicked problems that arise between diverse social needs and science based expert knowledge. Findings contribute to the operationalization of the Triple Helix Twins (THT) model for analysing policy impact and transformational governance. We recommend to employ the Triple Helix Twins for future comparative research of the transition from high level concept to local realization.","PeriodicalId":31161,"journal":{"name":"Triple Helix","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43533904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-23DOI: 10.1163/21971927-bja10013
Nontombi P Marule
Innovation has been and continues to be recognised as central to promoting and supporting sustainable economic development; as such, South Africa has set the goal of becoming a knowledge economy. This is an economy that succeeds in producing knowledge and transforming itself into a technology-based from a resource-based economy that will stimulate growth and development of the country, while creating sustainable employment opportunities. The two key policies designed to drive strategic economic development in South Africa are the Innovation Policy and the Industrial Policy. This article considers the role of technology commercialisation strategy and how it can be utilised as a model for cooperation and collaboration to ensure achievement of the objectives of the innovation and industrial policies and present a homogeneous approach to policy implementation. The data was collected through a field survey of small, medium and micro enterprises (SMME s) which are technological oriented. Additional information was gathered through an in-depth, semi-structured interviews with selected stakeholders within the innovation landscape. The research findings confirm that commercialisation is the most significant and critical step of the innovation value chain, supported by collaboration and linkages of the innovation system players and it requires effective co-operation from both public and private entities. Successful technology commercialisation justifies efforts, funds and time committed to research and development and it propels enterprise development, spurs industrialisation, enhances enterprise technological capability, efficiency and competitiveness, create investment opportunities, and make research more demand driven.
{"title":"The Role of Technology Commercialisation in the Operationalisation of Innovation and Industrial Policies in South Africa","authors":"Nontombi P Marule","doi":"10.1163/21971927-bja10013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21971927-bja10013","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Innovation has been and continues to be recognised as central to promoting and supporting sustainable economic development; as such, South Africa has set the goal of becoming a knowledge economy. This is an economy that succeeds in producing knowledge and transforming itself into a technology-based from a resource-based economy that will stimulate growth and development of the country, while creating sustainable employment opportunities. The two key policies designed to drive strategic economic development in South Africa are the Innovation Policy and the Industrial Policy. This article considers the role of technology commercialisation strategy and how it can be utilised as a model for cooperation and collaboration to ensure achievement of the objectives of the innovation and industrial policies and present a homogeneous approach to policy implementation. The data was collected through a field survey of small, medium and micro enterprises (SMME s) which are technological oriented. Additional information was gathered through an in-depth, semi-structured interviews with selected stakeholders within the innovation landscape. The research findings confirm that commercialisation is the most significant and critical step of the innovation value chain, supported by collaboration and linkages of the innovation system players and it requires effective co-operation from both public and private entities. Successful technology commercialisation justifies efforts, funds and time committed to research and development and it propels enterprise development, spurs industrialisation, enhances enterprise technological capability, efficiency and competitiveness, create investment opportunities, and make research more demand driven.","PeriodicalId":31161,"journal":{"name":"Triple Helix","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49358426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-27DOI: 10.1163/21971927-12340006
M. Amaral, Yuzhuo Cai
This special issue attempts to advance the state-of-the-art in research on relations between Triple, Quadruple and Quintuple Helix models with the publication of Leydesdorff and Lawton Smith’s (2022) paper Triple, Quadruple, and Higher-Order Helices: Historical Phenomena and (Neo-)Evolutionary Models as well as five invited contributions that intend to respond to the arguments expressed in their paper. Leydesdorff and Lawton Smith argue that the dynamics of innovation mainly derive from the Triple Helix (e.g. universityindustry-government interactions), and Quadruple, Quintuple, and N-tuple helices can be decomposed into different combinations of interacting triple helices. They also justify their arguments from a theoretical and methodological perspective. When initially presented at the 2021 Triple Helix Conference as a keynote speech, Leydesdorff and Lawton Smith’s paper provoked active discussions. In order to continue scholarly exchanges on the topic, the editors invited international scholars, whose research interests lie on the border with helical approaches to innovation, to respond to Leydesdorff and Lawton Smith (2022) and join the discussions on relations between the different Helix models from various perspectives. By fostering discussions among leading scholars on the relations between the different Helix models, we hope readers will get to better know each of the models and thus optimise their strategies when applying them to empirical investigations and policy analyses. The papers collected in this special issue also infer a need to re-think Triple, Quadruple and Quintuple Helix models, which is also reflected in the Helix Models’ originators’ more recent (co-authored) works (Cai & Etzkowitz, 2020; Carayannis, Campbell, & Grigoroudis, 2021; Leydesdorff, 2021). Indeed, rapid changes occurred in our societies, triggered by technical advancements and
{"title":"The Tribology of the Helixes: Relations between Triple, Quadruple and Quintuple Helix Models","authors":"M. Amaral, Yuzhuo Cai","doi":"10.1163/21971927-12340006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21971927-12340006","url":null,"abstract":"This special issue attempts to advance the state-of-the-art in research on relations between Triple, Quadruple and Quintuple Helix models with the publication of Leydesdorff and Lawton Smith’s (2022) paper Triple, Quadruple, and Higher-Order Helices: Historical Phenomena and (Neo-)Evolutionary Models as well as five invited contributions that intend to respond to the arguments expressed in their paper. Leydesdorff and Lawton Smith argue that the dynamics of innovation mainly derive from the Triple Helix (e.g. universityindustry-government interactions), and Quadruple, Quintuple, and N-tuple helices can be decomposed into different combinations of interacting triple helices. They also justify their arguments from a theoretical and methodological perspective. When initially presented at the 2021 Triple Helix Conference as a keynote speech, Leydesdorff and Lawton Smith’s paper provoked active discussions. In order to continue scholarly exchanges on the topic, the editors invited international scholars, whose research interests lie on the border with helical approaches to innovation, to respond to Leydesdorff and Lawton Smith (2022) and join the discussions on relations between the different Helix models from various perspectives. By fostering discussions among leading scholars on the relations between the different Helix models, we hope readers will get to better know each of the models and thus optimise their strategies when applying them to empirical investigations and policy analyses. The papers collected in this special issue also infer a need to re-think Triple, Quadruple and Quintuple Helix models, which is also reflected in the Helix Models’ originators’ more recent (co-authored) works (Cai & Etzkowitz, 2020; Carayannis, Campbell, & Grigoroudis, 2021; Leydesdorff, 2021). Indeed, rapid changes occurred in our societies, triggered by technical advancements and","PeriodicalId":31161,"journal":{"name":"Triple Helix","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47397030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-27DOI: 10.1163/21971927-bja10030
M. Deakin
In the past decade there have been a series of articles on the status of Triple, Quadruple and N-Tuple Helices. In responding to the most recent of these from Leydesdorff and Lawson Smith (2022), this article examines the respective status of the Triple and Quadruple Helix as the scientific basis of the Research and Innovation Strategies related to Smart Specialisation (RIS3) and as the foundation of the Entrepreneurial Discovery Process (EDP). In conducting this examination, the article draws attention to the strengths of the Triple Helix Model, the communication overlay, fourth selection environment and associated ecology of the meta-stabilisation it posits not as the Quadruple Helix, but N-Tuple helices of a higher-order policy model. That policy model which stands high in terms of the status it commands as a regime governing the transition to a next-order system. To a next-order system whose governing regime commands this heightened status as the model policy for nation-states to adopt in sustaining the economic growth of regions.
{"title":"Triple, Quadruple and N-Tuple Helices: The RIS3 and EDP of a Higher-Order Policy Model","authors":"M. Deakin","doi":"10.1163/21971927-bja10030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21971927-bja10030","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In the past decade there have been a series of articles on the status of Triple, Quadruple and N-Tuple Helices. In responding to the most recent of these from Leydesdorff and Lawson Smith (2022), this article examines the respective status of the Triple and Quadruple Helix as the scientific basis of the Research and Innovation Strategies related to Smart Specialisation (RIS3) and as the foundation of the Entrepreneurial Discovery Process (EDP). In conducting this examination, the article draws attention to the strengths of the Triple Helix Model, the communication overlay, fourth selection environment and associated ecology of the meta-stabilisation it posits not as the Quadruple Helix, but N-Tuple helices of a higher-order policy model. That policy model which stands high in terms of the status it commands as a regime governing the transition to a next-order system. To a next-order system whose governing regime commands this heightened status as the model policy for nation-states to adopt in sustaining the economic growth of regions.","PeriodicalId":31161,"journal":{"name":"Triple Helix","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46084095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-07DOI: 10.1163/21971927-bja10029
Yuzhuo Cai
This article proposes the neo-Triple Helix model of innovation ecosystems by integrating the Triple, Quadruple and Quintuple Helix models, inspired by Lewontin’s gene, organism and environment Triple Helix metaphor. The model considers innovation ecosystems evolved through interactions between 1) innovation dynamics (or innovation genes), 2) social structures and 3) the natural environment. The systems include two-layer triple helix interactions (or triads): university, industry and government at the gene level, and innovation genes, social structures and the natural environment at the system level. Innovation dynamics are conceptualised by integrating the neo-institutional and neo-evolutionary perspectives of the Triple Helix model. The dialectical relationships between innovation genes, social structures and the natural environment are primarily explained using aspects of the Quadruple and Quintuple Helix models. The neo-Triple Helix model clarifies debates on different helix innovation models, advances helical approaches through synergy building and can guide empirical research and policy design on innovation ecosystems.
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