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From Modeling the Interactions among Institutions to Modeling the Evolution of an Ecosystem: A Reflection on the Triple Helix Model and Beyond 从制度互动建模到生态系统演化建模:对三螺旋模型及其以后的反思
IF 2.6 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2022-03-17 DOI: 10.1163/21971927-bja10027
Lan Xue, Yuchen Gao
By decomposing and analyzing the quadruple helix model and N-tuple helices into interacting triple helices, Leydesdorff and Lawton Smith’s (2022) research promises to open further the black box inside the higher-order helices, and provides a theoretical basis and guidance for the subsequent governance on the innovation in the higher-order helices model. In this commentary, we have argued that a framework based on agile governance can be applied to the governance of this higher-order helices model with interactions among multiple triple helices. A set of flexible and adaptive actions or methods are necessary to make the governance on the higher-order helices model to be more agile to keep pace with the rapid changes of society.
Leydesdorff和Lawton-Smith(2022)的研究通过将四重螺旋模型和N元组螺旋分解和分析为相互作用的三重螺旋,有望进一步打开高阶螺旋内部的黑匣子,为后续治理高阶螺旋模型的创新提供理论依据和指导。在这篇评论中,我们认为基于敏捷治理的框架可以应用于这种具有多个三重螺旋之间交互的高阶螺旋模型的治理。一套灵活、适应性强的行动或方法是必要的,以使高阶螺旋模型上的治理更加敏捷,跟上社会的快速变化。
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引用次数: 5
Measuring Helix Interactions in the Context of Economic Development and Public Policies: From Triple to Quadruple and N-Tuple Helix vs. N-Tuple and Quadruple Helix to Triads 衡量经济发展和公共政策背景下的螺旋相互作用:从三重到四重和N元组螺旋与N元组和四元组螺旋到三元组
IF 2.6 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2022-03-04 DOI: 10.1163/21971927-bja10026
H. Park, P. Stek
Quadruple collaboration has risen rapidly in place of the traditional triple helix model of institutional collaboration between universities, governments, and companies. Loet Leydesdorff and Helen Lawton Smith (2022) approach this challenge by aiming to resolve the issue of evaluating and analyzing various quadruple and n-tuple helices. This article seeks to recognize the increasing complexity of new and developing issues in quadruple and n-tuple helices as a response to their research. Higher order helices raise a number of important scientific difficulties, including conceptual and practical issues. The goal of this contribution is to highlight some of the major challenges involved with researching multiple helixes in terms of knowledge innovation, as well as to offer some alternative areas for future research on n-tuple helices measurement.
四倍合作迅速崛起,取代了传统的大学、政府和公司之间机构合作的三重螺旋模式。Loet Leydesdorff和Helen Lawton Smith(2022)通过旨在解决评估和分析各种四重和n元螺旋的问题来应对这一挑战。这篇文章试图认识到新的和发展中的问题的日益复杂的四和n元螺旋作为对他们的研究的回应。高阶螺旋提出了许多重要的科学难题,包括概念和实际问题。这篇文章的目的是强调在知识创新方面涉及多螺旋研究的一些主要挑战,以及为未来n元螺旋测量的研究提供一些替代领域。
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引用次数: 7
Triple, Quadruple, and Higher-Order Helices: Historical Phenomena and (Neo-)Evolutionary Models 三重、四重和高阶螺旋:历史现象和(新)进化模型
IF 2.6 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2022-03-04 DOI: 10.1163/21971927-bja10022
Loet Leydesdorff, Helen Lawton Smith

Carayannis and Campbell (2009; 2010) have argued for using quadruple and quintuple helices as models encompassing and generalizing triple-helix dynamics. In the meantime, quadruple and quintuple helices have been adopted by the European Committee for the Regions and the European Commission as metaphors for further strategy development such as in EU-programs in Smart Specialization, Plan S, Open Innovation 2.0, etc. Here we argue that the transition from a double helix to a triple helix can change the dynamic from a trajectory to a regime. However, next-order transitions (e.g., to quadruple, quintuple, or n-tuple helices) can be decomposed and recombined into interacting Triple Helices. For example, in the case of four helices A, B, C, and D, one can distinguish ABC, ABD, ACD, and BCD; each triplet can generate synergy. The triple-helix synergy indicator can thus be elaborated for more than three dimensions. However, whether innovation systems are national, regional, sectorial, triple-helix, quadruple-helix, etc., can inform policies with evidence if one proceeds to measurement. A variety of perspectives can be used to interpret the data. Software for testing perspectives will be introduced.

Carayannis and Campbell (2009;2010)主张使用四螺旋和五螺旋作为包含和推广三螺旋动力学的模型。与此同时,欧洲地区委员会和欧盟委员会采用了四螺旋和五螺旋作为进一步战略发展的隐喻,如欧盟的智能专业化、S计划、开放式创新2.0等计划。我们认为,从双螺旋结构到三螺旋结构的转变可以改变动力学从轨迹到制度。然而,下一阶转换(例如,四元组、五元组或n元组螺旋)可以被分解并重组为相互作用的三重螺旋。例如,在四个螺旋A、B、C和D的情况下,可以区分ABC、ABD、ACD和BCD;每个三元组都能产生协同效应。因此,三螺旋协同指标可以在三个以上的维度上加以阐述。然而,创新系统是国家的、区域的、部门的、三螺旋的还是四螺旋的等等,如果进行测量,就可以为政策提供证据。可以使用多种视角来解释数据。将介绍用于测试透视图的软件。
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引用次数: 0
The Role of Proximity in Technology Dynamics of High-Tech Industries: the Case of Biotechnology and Aviation Industries 接近性在高科技产业技术动态中的作用:以生物技术和航空工业为例
IF 2.6 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2022-01-25 DOI: 10.1163/21971927-bja10025
Małgorzata Runiewicz-Wardyn
Confronted with new global competitive environment, rising R&D costs, growing integration of different technologies, shorter life cycles, and increased pace of innovation, high-tech companies increasingly collaborate with external partners. Innovation networks became unconditional driver of technological dynamics and growth of high-tech industries. The article aims to explore the role of proximity in innovation networks formation in the two high-tech industries – biotechnology and aviation. Both industries are characterized by different stages of technological maturity, different product life-cycles and development periods, yet both equally depend on highly specialized human capital and collaborative innovation. The article addresses the following research questions: What is the role of proximity – geographical, cognitive, institutional, organizational, social and cultural – in facilitating innovation networks formation in the above mentioned high-tech industries? What type of proximities and the related network externalities assist these industries along their life-cycles? What is the relationship between technology dynamics and innovation networks formation?
面对新的全球竞争环境、不断上升的研发成本、越来越多的不同技术的整合、越来越短的生命周期和越来越快的创新步伐,高科技公司越来越多地与外部合作伙伴合作。创新网络成为技术动态和高新技术产业发展的无条件动力。本文旨在探讨邻近性在生物技术和航空两大高科技产业创新网络形成中的作用。这两个行业具有不同的技术成熟阶段、不同的产品生命周期和发展周期,但都同样依赖高度专业化的人力资本和协同创新。本文探讨了以下研究问题:地理、认知、制度、组织、社会和文化的邻近性在促进高新技术产业创新网络形成中的作用是什么?什么类型的接近性和相关的网络外部性在这些行业的生命周期中帮助它们?技术动态与创新网络形成的关系是什么?
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引用次数: 2
The Role of Proximity in Developing an Inter-Regional Innovation System 邻近性在构建区域间创新体系中的作用
IF 2.6 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2021-12-17 DOI: 10.1163/21971927-bja10024
Mandy Lalrindiki, Bill O’Gorman
While most innovation collaboration projects consist of partners who are located at close proximity, recent literature has explored the development of innovation collaboration in the context of non-spatial proximity. Using a longitudinal mixed methods design, this article explores the inter-regional collaboration of triple helix partners from four non-contiguous European regions (Bucharest-Ilfov, Romania; Central Hungary, Hungary; Castilla-La Mancha, Spain; and South East, Ireland) which worked together to develop an inter-regional innovation system. The results from the study identified three non-spatial forms of proximity (social, cognitive and organisational) that were key determinants for developing the successful inter- regional innovation collaboration studied in this research. Based on the findings derived from this research, an inter-regional innovation system framework was developed to facilitate collaboration between stakeholders based in non-contiguous regions without them having to depend on geographical proximity. The major contributions of this research to theory and practice are the development of a novel framework for inter-regional innovation systems (iRIS) which can be applied by stakeholders in regions that want to collaborate from a distance. Furthermore, the research suggests that the substitution mechanism of geographical proximity consists of not just one non-spatial form, but it consists of the three non-spatial forms identified in this research.
虽然大多数创新合作项目都由位于附近的合作伙伴组成,但最近的文献探讨了在非空间邻近的背景下创新合作的发展。本文采用纵向混合方法设计,探讨了来自四个非邻接欧洲地区(罗马尼亚布加勒斯特-伊尔福夫、匈牙利中部、西班牙卡斯蒂利亚-拉曼恰和爱尔兰东南部)的三螺旋合作伙伴的区域间合作,他们共同开发了区域间创新体系。该研究的结果确定了三种非空间形式的接近(社会、认知和组织),这三种形式是本研究中研究的成功开展区域间创新合作的关键决定因素。根据这项研究的发现,制定了一个区域间创新体系框架,以促进非毗连区域利益相关者之间的合作,而不必依赖地理位置。这项研究对理论和实践的主要贡献是开发了一个新的区域间创新系统框架(iRIS),该框架可供希望远距离合作的区域的利益相关者应用。此外,研究表明,地理邻近的替代机制不仅由一种非空间形式组成,而且由本研究中确定的三种非空间形态组成。
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引用次数: 3
Triple Helix Futures 三螺旋期货
IF 2.6 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2021-12-17 DOI: 10.1163/21971927-12340005
E. Albats
Successful collaboration between government, industry and academia is an acknowledged source for innovation, for regional, national, and global economic growth as well as for social development (Miller et al., 2016; Perkmann & Walsh, 2007; Urbano & Guerrero, 2013). The Triple Helix Model introduced back in the 1990s (Etzkowitz & Leydesdorff, 1995) provides a framework which not only visually grasps the phenomenon of University-Industry-Government relations but also opens avenues for further research on the phenomenon. Nowadays, celebrating nearly three decades of the Triple Helix model, this special issue looks at where we currently are in studying Triple Helix relations, where the research discourse is moving, and what are the futures for both the phenomenon and the concept. The Bayh-Dole Act introduced in the USA in 1980 allowed American universities to own and commercialise the results of federally funded research. The Act was followed by similar initiatives in Europe and globally, which further facilitated university-industry-government relations (Mowery & Sampat, 2004; Sampat, 2006). The decade of the 1980s, thus, being kicked-off with strong
政府、工业界和学术界之间的成功合作是创新、区域、国家和全球经济增长以及社会发展的公认来源(Miller et al.,2016;Perkman&Walsh,2007;Urbano&Guerrero,2013)。早在20世纪90年代引入的三重螺旋模型(Etzkowitz&Leydesdorff,1995)提供了一个框架,不仅直观地掌握了大学与行业政府关系的现象,而且为进一步研究这一现象开辟了途径。如今,在庆祝三重螺旋模型近三十年的今天,本期特刊着眼于我们目前在研究三重螺旋关系方面的进展,研究话语的进展,以及这一现象和概念的未来。1980年美国出台的《贝赫·多尔法案》允许美国大学拥有联邦资助的研究成果并将其商业化。该法案之后,欧洲和全球也采取了类似的举措,进一步促进了大学与行业的政府关系(Mowery&Sampat,2004年;Sampat(2006年)。因此,20世纪80年代的十年以强劲的
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引用次数: 1
The Triple Helix Model and the Future of Innovation: A Reflection on the Triple Helix Research Agenda 三螺旋模型与创新的未来:对三螺旋研究议程的反思
IF 2.6 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2021-11-25 DOI: 10.1163/21971927-12340004
Yuzhuo Cai,Marcelo Amaral
Based on their early explorations on new perspectives on the role of academia and organised knowledge production in regional innovation, Etzkowitz and Leydesdorfff had consolidated the Triple Helix concept through either collaborative works (e.g. Etzkowitz & Leydesdorff, 1995, 2000) or individual publications (e.g. Etzkowitz, 2008; Leydesdorff, 2000). They developed the Triple Helix model to explain the dynamic interactions between academia, industry, and government that foster entrepreneurship, innovation, and economic growth in a knowledge-based economy (Etzkowitz & Leydesdorff, 2000). In research communities, there are continuous efforts to apply/enhance the Triple Helix model as well as criticisms on its limits or limitations. Probably, there is no other place more suitable than the Triple Helix journal, which bears the model’s name, to play the role of provoking discussions on the Triple Helix model, especially for understanding the future of innovation in society. While our initial plan was to write a short editorial to introduce the special issue on the theme ‘the Triple Helix model and the future of innovation’, we have decided to include our Editors-in-Chiefs’ reflection on the Triple Helix research agenda for two reasons. First, reading the articles collected in the special issue reminds us that those researchers involved in Triple Helix studies not only deal with the Triple Helix concept itself but also engage with the concepts either embedded in or derived from it. Thus, one may wonder: What are the core concepts within the umbrella of Triple Helix? Second, while the articles, in the special issue and also in the journal, deal with a wide range of themes in
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引用次数: 23
The Role of Government Measures in University-Industry Collaboration for Economic Growth: A Comparative Study across Levels of Economic Development 政府措施在大学与产业合作促进经济增长中的作用——跨经济发展水平的比较研究
IF 2.6 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2021-11-25 DOI: 10.1163/21971927-bja10023
E. Kopczynska, Joao J. Ferreira
Nowadays, countries across the world aspire to increase their innovation for the common good. In this scope, and among others, the Triple Helix thesis emphasizes the role of collaboration between stakeholders from academia, industry and government to bring about effective innovation. Despite efforts to encourage university-industry (U-I) collaboration, bridging U-I barriers remains among the relevant economic and policy challenges. Among other aspects, it has been argued that the tendency to transfer tools from developed to underdeveloped countries hinders the capacity to obtain the full potential of U-I collaboration. As no empirical study validating such hypothesis has been identified, our study tests i/ whether U-I collaboration has a different impact on growth depending on the level of economic development, ii/ whether the impacts of specific governmental measures on U-I collaboration differ at different levels of economic development. Our findings suggest that up till now the potential of U-I collaboration remains underutilized across all levels of development. Our results show that diversified policy measures are relevant at different development levels. Furthermore, their relevance may also evolve over time. However, such factors as quality of research institutions and private R&D investments are critical across development levels and time.
如今,世界各国都渴望为了共同利益而加大创新力度。在这一范围内,三重螺旋理论强调了学术界、工业界和政府利益相关者之间的合作在实现有效创新方面的作用。尽管努力鼓励大学与工业(U-I)合作,但弥合U-I障碍仍然是相关的经济和政策挑战之一。在其他方面,有人认为,将工具从发达国家转移到欠发达国家的趋势阻碍了充分发挥U-I合作潜力的能力。由于尚未确定验证这一假设的实证研究,我们的研究测试了i/U-i合作是否根据经济发展水平对增长产生不同的影响,ii/具体的政府措施对U-i合作的影响是否在不同的经济发展水平下不同。我们的研究结果表明,到目前为止,U-I合作的潜力在各个发展阶段都没有得到充分利用。我们的研究结果表明,多样化的政策措施在不同的发展水平上是相关的。此外,它们的相关性也可能随着时间的推移而演变。然而,研究机构的质量和私人研发投资等因素在发展水平和时间上都至关重要。
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引用次数: 2
Does Productive Mean Active? The Behavior of Occasional and Serial Academic Inventors in Patenting Processes 高效就意味着积极吗?偶然与连续学术发明人在专利过程中的行为
IF 2.6 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2021-11-02 DOI: 10.1163/21971927-bja10021
Danielle Lewensohn, Ebba Sjögren, C. Sundberg
Previous literature has attributed differences in individuals’ inventive productivity to a range of environmental, organizational and individual traits. However, the behavior of individuals with different inventive productivity has not been empirically explored in detail. Based on interviews with twenty Swedish academic inventors of diverse patenting experience, this paper analyses how serial and occasional inventors acted in patent initiation, patent application and subsequent patent management for specific inventions. Two modes of behavior are identified: passive and active. Individuals’ inventive productivity was not aligned with behavioral mode, with both modes of behavior exhibited by occasional as well as serial academic inventors. Individual academic inventors also varied in mode of behavior across different patent processes. These findings suggest that commonly used volume-based classifications of academic inventors obscure potentially relevant behavioral differences. This insight has implications for contemporary policy and organizational practice. It also highlights the need for further investigation of when academic inventors assume an active or passive mode of behavior in processes of academic commercialization.
先前的文献将个人创造力的差异归因于一系列环境、组织和个人特征。然而,具有不同创造性生产力的个体的行为尚未得到详细的实证研究。本文通过对20位具有不同专利经验的瑞典学术发明人的访谈,分析了连续发明人和临时发明人在特定发明的专利发起、专利申请和后续专利管理中的行为。确定了两种行为模式:被动和主动。个体的创造性生产力与行为模式不一致,偶尔和连续的学术发明家都表现出这两种行为模式。个体学术发明人在不同的专利过程中的行为模式也各不相同。这些发现表明,学术发明人常用的基于体积的分类掩盖了潜在的相关行为差异。这一见解对当代政策和组织实践具有启示意义。它还强调了进一步调查学术发明人在学术商业化过程中何时采取主动或被动行为模式的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Eight Years of Realizations and Challenges – The Dynamic Process of an Academic Journal Management 八年的认识与挑战——学术期刊管理的动态过程
IF 2.6 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2021-11-02 DOI: 10.1163/21971927-12340003
M. Amaral, Yuzhuo Cai
Triple Helix – A Journal of University-Industry-Government Innovation and Entrepreneurship starts its eighth year of publication with several changes underway. We understand that, although the preceding editorial team has well run the journal, it is necessary to evolve permanently. The scholarly publications business has been undergoing unprecedented transformations; movements like open access publishing and preprint publication constantly impose the need to rethink our actions and performance. At the same time, these transformations allow us to seek the best experience for the editorial process and our readers, who are the reason for the journal’s existence at the end of the day. In addition to the new editorial team, the publication strategy is being changed, as already informed in the previous editorial (Cai & Amaral, 2020). Instead of a single annual issue bringing together the publications approved during the year, the editors decided to publish several issues. For this reason, there will be no more distinction between topical collections and regular issues, valuing all articles equally. However, these changes will not affect Triple Helix publication policy. Once being accepted, the articles will be published advance access and later included in an issue. This change will also allow the elaboration of presentation editorials, which we understand can be a communication channel with the research community and where we intend to discuss a vast array of subjects, ranging from the evolution of the publication itself to conceptual issues of the Triple Helix model. New changes are being implemented that will be informed in subsequent editorials. It is also important to inform about what will not change. In this
《三重螺旋-大学-产业界-政府创新与创业杂志》开始其出版的第八个年头,并进行了一些变化。我们明白,虽然之前的编辑团队经营得很好,但它有必要不断发展。学术出版业正经历着前所未有的变革;开放获取出版和预印本出版等运动不断迫使我们重新思考我们的行动和表现。与此同时,这些转变使我们能够为编辑过程和读者寻求最佳体验,这些读者是杂志最终存在的原因。除了新的编辑团队外,正如之前的社论(Cai & Amaral, 2020)所述,出版策略也在改变。编辑们决定出版几期,而不是将一年中批准的出版物集中在一起出版一本年度刊物。因此,将不再区分专题收藏和常规问题,对所有文章一视同仁。但是,这些更改不会影响Triple Helix的发布策略。一旦被接受,文章将被提前获取并随后收录在一期中。这一变化也将使展示社论得以完善,我们认为这可以成为与研究界的沟通渠道,我们打算在这里讨论广泛的主题,从出版物本身的演变到三螺旋模型的概念问题。正在实施的新变化将在随后的社论中通报。告知哪些不会改变也很重要。在这个
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Triple Helix
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