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Oplyst falsk bevidsthed. Et essay om individuelle barrierer mod effektiv klimahandlen 开明的错误意识。一篇关于有效气候行动的个人障碍的文章
Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.7146/politica.v56i2.147331
C. Laustsen
Klimakrisen er en af vor tids største udfordringer. Det er det store flertal af politikere enige om – i Danmark såvel som i udlandet. Og det synspunkt bakker størstedelen af befolkningen også op bag. Det til trods ser vi, at man stadig halter langt bagefter de udledningsmål, vi selv har sat. Hvis vi skal forstå dette, må vi kikke på barrierer – institutionelle såvel som individuelle. Artiklen fokuserer alene på de individuelle og spørger, hvorfor klimabevidsthed ikke følges op af klimahandlen, altså en mere klimavenlig livsstil. Artiklen fokuserer på den stor midtergruppe, som ikke benægter klimaudfordringen (benægterne) og heller ikke engagerer sig politisk i kampen for forandringer (aktivister). Artiklen hævder, at denne midtergruppe er karakteriseret ved en tilstand af ”oplyst falsk bevidsthed”. Man er bevidst om udfordringerne og eget ansvar, men samtidig insisterer man på at leve livet, som man altid har gjort. Problemet er ikke viden, men handling. Den ”falske bevidsthed” manifesterer sig i vores praksis. Der fokuseres først på følelsernes betydning for dette og ikke mindst på, hvordan man gennem moralsk afkobling kan mindske kognitiv dissonans. Det leder videre til en diskussion af psykosociale mønstre, som understøtter vores praksis og ikke mindst vores insisteren på nydelse. Endelig diskuteres, hvordan en grøn identitet i sig selv kan være en måde, hvorpå ens passivitet i forhold til klimaspørgsmålet kan legitimeres.
气候危机是我们这个时代最大的挑战之一。丹麦国内外绝大多数政治家都同意这一观点。大多数民众也支持这一观点。尽管如此,我们看到,我们仍然远远落后于我们为自己设定的排放目标。要理解这一点,我们需要从制度和个人两方面来看待障碍。本文只关注个人障碍,并提出为什么气候意识没有随之转化为气候行动,即更加气候友好型的生活方式。文章的重点是既不否认气候挑战(否认者)也不参与政治变革斗争(积极者)的庞大中间群体。文章认为,这一中间群体的特点是 "开明的错误意识"。他们意识到所面临的挑战和自身的责任,但同时又坚持一如既往地生活。问题不在于知识,而在于行动。虚假意识 "体现在我们的实践中。我们首先关注情绪在其中的作用,以及如何通过道德脱离将认知失调降到最低。这就引出了对支撑我们实践的社会心理模式的讨论,特别是我们对快乐的坚持。最后,它讨论了绿色身份本身是如何使人们在气候问题上的被动合法化的。
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引用次数: 0
Men, masculinities and climate crisis: An international literature review 男性、男性气质与气候危机:国际文献综述
Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.7146/politica.v56i2.147336
Andrea Hyldig, Stine Thidemann Faber
Men appear to be less engaged in the climate crisis and the green transition compared to women. In this article, we present a focused literature review of key studies within the field that attempt to explain this gender gap. The purpose of the article is twofold: to introduce and unpack the research field for those who are not familiar with it and to identify and explore the patterns, themes, and contradictions presented in the research literature to critically discuss their contributions.
与女性相比,男性似乎较少参与气候危机和绿色转型。在本文中,我们将对该领域内试图解释这种性别差距的主要研究进行重点文献综述。文章有两个目的:为不熟悉该研究领域的读者介绍和解读该研究领域;识别和探索研究文献中呈现的模式、主题和矛盾,批判性地讨论它们的贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Enlightened false consciousness: Why climate consciousness is not followed by action 启蒙的错误意识:为什么气候意识之后没有行动
Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.7146/politica.v56i2.147337
Carsten Bagge Laustsen
The climate crisis is one of the greatest challenges of our time. The vast majority of politicians agree – in Denmark and abroad – as does the majority of the population. Despite this, we are still lagging far behind the emission targets we ourselves have defined. To understand this, we need to look at barriers – both institutional and individual. This article focuses solely on the individual barriers and asks why climate awareness is not followed by climate action, i.e. a more climate-friendly lifestyle. The article focuses on the large middle group who neither deny the climate challenge (deniers) nor engage politically in the fight for change (activists). The article argues that this middle group is characterized by a state of ”enlightened false consciousness”. They are aware of the challenges and their own responsibilities but insist on living life as they always have. The problem is not knowledge, but action. The ”false consciousness” manifests itself in our practice. First, the article focuses on the role of emotions in this and how to reduce cognitive dissonance through mechanisms of moral disengagement. This leads to a discussion of the psychosocial patterns that underpin our practice and not least our insistence on pleasure. And finally, to a discussion of how a green identity itself can be a way to legitimize one’s passivity in relation to the climate issue.
气候危机是我们这个时代最大的挑战之一。丹麦国内外绝大多数政治家和大多数民众都同意这一观点。尽管如此,我们仍然远远落后于我们自己确定的排放目标。要理解这一点,我们需要从制度和个人两方面来看待障碍。本文只关注个人障碍,并询问为什么气候意识没有随之而来的气候行动,即更加气候友好型的生活方式。文章的重点是既不否认气候挑战(否认者)也不参与政治变革斗争(积极者)的庞大中间群体。文章认为,这一中间群体的特点是 "开明的错误意识"。他们意识到挑战和自身的责任,但坚持一如既往地生活。问题不在于知识,而在于行动。虚假意识 "体现在我们的实践中。首先,文章重点讨论了情绪在其中的作用,以及如何通过道德脱离机制减少认知失调。这就引出了对支撑我们实践的社会心理模式的讨论,尤其是我们对快乐的坚持。最后,文章还讨论了绿色身份本身是如何使人们在气候问题上的被动行为合法化的。
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引用次数: 0
The long durée: A question of sustainability 长期性:可持续性问题
Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.7146/politica.v56i2.147334
Morten Greve, Carsten Bagge Laustsen
In the Brundtland Commission’s classic formulation, sustainability is defined as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Essential to the definition is the emphasis on a long time frame – that we must also consider the possible life situation of future generations. The wording dates back to 1987, and the emphasis on sustainability has only become more relevant with the escalating climate crisis. Also politically. In the first part of the article, we discuss the meta-theoretical foundation of the concept of sustainability – namely the importance of our perception of nature and our time horizons. This discussion is linked to the notion of societal form and, more generally, the question of our modernity. In the second part of the article, we move towards an operational concept of sustainability. In this context, the article’s contribution is to operationalize the concept of sustainability in five dimensions: First, and in a very general sense, it emphasizes the space-time dimension, where the spatial dimension is potentially global, and the temporal dimension potentially infinite. This is followed by four key aspects for defining the content of the concept: self-sustainability, systemic holism, precaution and resilience.
在布伦特兰委员会的经典表述中,可持续性被定义为既能满足当代人的需求,又不损害后代人满足其需求的能力的发展。该定义的关键在于强调长远的时间框架,即我们还必须考虑后代可能的生活状况。这一措辞可以追溯到 1987 年,随着气候危机的不断升级,对可持续发展的强调变得更加重要。政治上也是如此。在文章的第一部分,我们讨论了可持续发展概念的元理论基础--即我们对自然的认识和我们的时间跨度的重要性。这一讨论与社会形态的概念有关,更广泛地说,与我们的现代性问题有关。在文章的第二部分,我们将讨论可持续发展的操作性概念。在这种情况下,本文的贡献在于从五个方面对可持续性概念进行操作:首先,从一般意义上讲,它强调时空维度,其中空间维度可能是全球性的,时间维度可能是无限的。随后,从四个关键方面界定了这一概念的内容:自我可持续性、系统整体性、预防性和复原力。
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引用次数: 0
Citizens’ climate assembly, sustainability, and democratic innovation in an Anthropocene world 人类世世界中的公民气候大会、可持续性和民主创新
Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.7146/politica.v56i2.147338
Lars Tønder
The article contributes to research on sustainability at a time when humans and non-humans are more entangled than ever before. It focuses on the Danish national citizens’ climate assembly, which on the one hand appears as a genuine renewal that puts climate first but on the other hand is subject to a human-centered perspective that risks undermining the possibility of sustainability for all. The article examines the tension between these two trends, starting from discussions about the Anthropocene and its significance for democracy and the political. The article is particularly interested in examining how democratic innovations as a citizens’ climate assembly allow the non-human to speak – for example by including animals and plants in the deliberative process – and in this way contribute to a real ecologicalization of democratic deliberation. The article compares this possibility with the results from the research project “Democratic Innovations in a Green Transition,” which over the past three years has closely followed the Danish Citizens’ Climate Assembly through qualitative and quantitative studies. The article uses the results of the studies as a prism for a more general problem: That climate policy is developed and decided through democratic-institutional frameworks that do not align with the changed human-nature relationship that prevails in an Anthropocene world.
在人类和非人类比以往任何时候都更加紧密地纠缠在一起的时候,这篇文章为可持续性研究做出了贡献。文章重点关注丹麦全国公民气候大会,一方面,该大会似乎是将气候问题放在首位的真正革新,但另一方面,它又受制于以人为本的视角,有可能损害所有人的可持续性。文章从 "人类世 "的讨论及其对民主和政治的意义出发,探讨了这两种趋势之间的紧张关系。文章尤其关注公民气候大会等民主创新如何允许非人类发言--例如通过将动物和植物纳入审议过程--并以此促进民主审议的真正生态化。文章将这种可能性与 "绿色转型中的民主创新 "研究项目的结果进行比较,该项目在过去三年中通过定性和定量研究密切跟踪了丹麦公民气候大会。文章将研究结果作为一个更普遍问题的多棱镜:气候政策是通过民主制度框架制定和决定的,而这种框架并不符合人类世世界中已发生变化的人与自然的关系。
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引用次数: 0
Det lange sigt. Et spørgsmål om bæredygtighed 长期。可持续性问题
Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.7146/politica.v56i2.147329
M. Greve, C. Laustsen
I Brundtland-kommisionens klassiske formulering defineres bæredygtighed som en udvikling, der opfylder nutidens behov uden at bringe fremtidige generationers muligheder for at opfylde deres behov i fare. Væsentligt i definitionen er betoningen af det lange sigt – at man også må have øje for kommende generationers mulige livssituation. Formuleringen er fra 1987, og betoningen af bæredygtighed er kun senere med den eskalerende klimakrise blevet mere central. Også politisk. Vi indleder med i artiklens første del at diskutere bæredygtighedsbegrebet metateoretiske fundament – nemlig betydningen af vores forestilling om naturen og vores tidshorisonter. Denne diskussion kobles til forestillingen om samfundsform og helt generelt spørgsmålet om vores modernitet. Herefter vil vi i artiklens anden del bevæge os i retning af et operationelt bæredygtighedsbegreb. Artiklens bidrag er i den sammenhæng at operationalisere bæredygtighedsbegrebet i fem dimensioner: For det første og helt overordnet betones tid-rum-udstrækningen, hvor den rumlige potentielt er global, og den tidslige potentielt uendelig. Herefter følger fire centrale aspekter for indholdsbestemmelsen af begrebet: selvopretholdese, systemisk holisme, forsigtighed og resiliens.
在布伦特兰委员会的经典提法中,可持续性被定义为既能满足当代人的需求,又不损害后代人满足其需求的能力的发展。该定义的关键在于强调长期性,即我们还必须考虑后代可能的生活状况。这一措辞可以追溯到 1987 年,只是从那时起,随着气候危机的不断升级,对可持续性的强调才变得更加重要。政治上也是如此。在文章的第一部分,我们首先讨论了可持续发展概念的元理论基础--即我们对自然的认识和我们的时间跨度的重要性。这一讨论与社会形式的概念有关,更广泛地说,与我们的现代性问题有关。在文章的第二部分,我们将讨论可持续发展的操作性概念。在这种情况下,文章的贡献在于从五个维度对可持续性概念进行操作:首先,也是最一般的,它强调时空维度,其中空间维度可能是全球性的,而时间维度可能是无限的。其次是界定这一概念内容的四个关键方面:自我可持续性、系统整体性、预防性和复原力。
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引用次数: 0
De har en drøm ... 他们有一个梦想
Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.7146/politica.v56i2.147333
S. Larsen
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引用次数: 0
Klimaborgerting, bæredygtighed og demokratisk fornyelse i en antropocæn verden 人类世世界中的气候公民权、可持续性和民主复兴
Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.7146/politica.v56i2.147332
Lars Tønder
Denne artikel bidrager til forskning om bæredygtighed i en tid, hvor det menneskelige og det ikkemenneskelige er mere sammenfiltret end nogensinde før. Artiklen fokuserer på det danske klimaborgerting, som på den ene side fremstår som en reel fornyelse, der sætter klimaet først, men som på den anden side er underlagt et menneskecentreret perspektiv, der risikerer at undergrave muligheden et bæredygtigt samfund. Artiklen undersøger spændingen mellem disse to tendenser med udgangspunkt i diskussioner om det antropocæne og dennes betydning for demokrati og det politiske. Artiklen er særligt interesseret i at undersøge, hvordan demokratiske innovationer som et klimaborgerting lader det ikkemenneskelige komme til orde – fx ved at inddrage dyr og planter i den deliberative proces – og på den måde bidrager til en reel økologisering af den demokratiske samtale. Artiklen sammenholder denne mulighed med resultaterne fra forskningsprojektet ”Democratic innovations in a green transition”, der gennem de seneste tre år har fulgt det danske klimaborgerting tæt gennem kvalitative og kvantitative undersøgelser. Artiklen bruger resultaterne fra undersøgelserne til at vise, at det danske klimaborgertings potentiale forblev uforløst, og at det på den måde fremstår som en prisme for et mere generelt problem: at klimapolitikken udvikles og besluttes gennem demokratiske-institutionelle rammer, som ikke flugter med de ændrede menneske-natur-forhold, der gør sig gældende i en antropocæn verden.
在人类和非人类比以往任何时候都更加紧密地纠缠在一起的时候,这篇文章为可持续性研究做出了贡献。文章重点关注丹麦的气候变化议程,该议程一方面看似是将气候问题放在首位的真正创新,但另一方面却受制于以人为本的观点,有可能破坏可持续社会的可能性。文章基于对 "人类世 "的讨论及其对民主和政治的影响,探讨了这两种倾向之间的紧张关系。文章尤其关注探讨气候公民权等民主创新如何让非人类发出声音--例如通过将动物和植物纳入审议过程--从而促进民主对话的真正生态化。文章将这种可能性与 "绿色转型中的民主创新 "研究项目的成果进行了比较,该项目在过去三年中通过定性和定量研究密切跟踪了丹麦的气候审议。文章利用研究结果表明,丹麦气候议会的潜力仍未得到发挥,因此,它似乎是一个更普遍问题的多棱镜:气候政策是通过民主制度框架制定和决定的,而这些框架与人类世世界中普遍存在的不断变化的人与自然关系并不一致。
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引用次数: 0
Mænd, maskuliniteter og klimakrise: en international litteraturgennemgang 男性、男性气质与气候危机:国际文献综述
Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.7146/politica.v56i2.147330
Andrea Hyldig, Stine Thidemann Faber
Mænd ser ud til at engagere sig mindre i klimakrisen og i den grønne omstilling end kvinder. I artiklen dykker vi ned i et udvalg af centrale studier i den forskningslitteratur, der forsøger at finde forklaringer på denne forskel. Ærindet med artiklen er dels at introducere og udfolde forskningsfeltet for den udefrakommende læser, dels at identificere, udforske og kritisk diskutere forskningslitteraturens bidrag.
与女性相比,男性似乎较少参与气候危机和绿色转型。在本文中,我们将深入探讨研究文献中的一些重要研究,试图为这种差异找到解释。文章的目的是为外部读者介绍和展开研究领域,并识别、探索和批判性地讨论研究文献的贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Parliamentary negotiations in Denmark 丹麦议会谈判
Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.7146/politica.v56i1.143240
Asbjørn Skjæveland
Negotiation theory tells us how we should negotiate if we want to negotiate wisely. We learn how to make the cake larger and how to get as big a bite as possible. Negotiations are key in politics. Even so, not many scientific studies apply the negotiation theory framework to legislative negotiations, including Danish legislative negotiations. On the other hand, there is a literature that describes actual legislative negotiations in Denmark. To what extent do the negotiations literature and the described real-life negotiations match each other? Danish politicians can learn from negotiation theory to varying degrees, and negotiation theory can learn from Danish legislative negotiations. The dominant role of the minister in parliamentary negotiations substantially reduces the complexity problems normally associated with multiparty negotiations.
谈判理论告诉我们,如果想要明智地进行谈判,就应该如何谈判。我们要学会如何把蛋糕做大,如何尽可能多地咬一口。谈判是政治的关键。即便如此,将谈判理论框架应用于立法谈判(包括丹麦立法谈判)的科学研究并不多。另一方面,也有文献描述了丹麦实际的立法谈判情况。谈判文献和所描述的实际谈判在多大程度上相互匹配?丹麦政治家可以在不同程度上从谈判理论中学习,谈判理论也可以从丹麦立法谈判中学习。部长在议会谈判中的主导作用大大减少了通常与多方谈判相关的复杂性问题。
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引用次数: 0
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Politica
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