A two-step process was used to prepare PP/MAPP/C15A/MWNT ternary nanocomposites system. The effect of the addition of MWNT on the delamination of clay layers in the polymer matrix has been studied through XRD. The similar crystallinity level was noticed after the addition of clay and MWNT together in the PP matrix through XRD. Higher mechanical properties of the ternary nanocomposites system were noticed than neat PP and its binary nanocomposites systems. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) technique was utilized to investigate the effect of both nanofillers on crystallization temperature (). And a shift in towards higher temperature was noticed in all the nanocomposites. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed an improved thermal stability of the ternary nanocomposites system. The dynamic mechanical response of PP and its binary and ternary nanocomposite systems was evaluated. The dispersion of the nanoparticles was investigated employing transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The combined effect of clay and MWNT on the properties of PP was investigated and summarized.
{"title":"Hybrid Effect of Nanosilicates and MWNT on Mechanical, Thermal, and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene","authors":"P. Pandey, S. Mohanty, S. Nayak","doi":"10.1155/2014/270527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/270527","url":null,"abstract":"A two-step process was used to prepare PP/MAPP/C15A/MWNT ternary nanocomposites system. The effect of the addition of MWNT on the delamination of clay layers in the polymer matrix has been studied through XRD. The similar crystallinity level was noticed after the addition of clay and MWNT together in the PP matrix through XRD. Higher mechanical properties of the ternary nanocomposites system were noticed than neat PP and its binary nanocomposites systems. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) technique was utilized to investigate the effect of both nanofillers on crystallization temperature (). And a shift in towards higher temperature was noticed in all the nanocomposites. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed an improved thermal stability of the ternary nanocomposites system. The dynamic mechanical response of PP and its binary and ternary nanocomposite systems was evaluated. The dispersion of the nanoparticles was investigated employing transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The combined effect of clay and MWNT on the properties of PP was investigated and summarized.","PeriodicalId":31263,"journal":{"name":"工程设计学报","volume":"30 22 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89061103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The identification of optimal processing parameters is an important practice in the plastic injection moulding industry because of the significant effect of such parameters on plastic part quality and cost. However, the optimization design of injection moulding process parameters can be difficult because more than one quality characteristic is used in the evaluation. This study systematically develops a hybrid optimization method for multiple quality characteristics by integrating the Taguchi parameter design, grey relational analysis, and principal component analysis. A plastic gear is used to demonstrate the efficiency and validity of the proposed hybrid optimization method in controlling all influential injection moulding processing parameters during plastic gear manufacturing. To minimize the shrinkage behaviour in tooth thickness, addendum circle, and dedendum circle of moulded gear, the optimal combination of different process parameters is determined. The case study demonstrates that the proposed optimization method can produce plastic-moulded gear with minimum shrinkage behaviour of 1.8%, 1.53%, and 2.42% in tooth thickness, addendum circle, and dedendum circle, respectively; these values are less than the values in the main experiment. Therefore, shrinkage-related defects that lead to severe failure in plastic gears can be effectively minimized while satisfying the demand of the global plastic gear industry.
{"title":"Hybrid Integration of Taguchi Parametric Design, Grey Relational Analysis, and Principal Component Analysis Optimization for Plastic Gear Production","authors":"N. M. Mehat, S. Kamaruddin, A. R. Othman","doi":"10.1155/2014/351206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/351206","url":null,"abstract":"The identification of optimal processing parameters is an important practice in the plastic injection moulding industry because of the significant effect of such parameters on plastic part quality and cost. However, the optimization design of injection moulding process parameters can be difficult because more than one quality characteristic is used in the evaluation. This study systematically develops a hybrid optimization method for multiple quality characteristics by integrating the Taguchi parameter design, grey relational analysis, and principal component analysis. A plastic gear is used to demonstrate the efficiency and validity of the proposed hybrid optimization method in controlling all influential injection moulding processing parameters during plastic gear manufacturing. To minimize the shrinkage behaviour in tooth thickness, addendum circle, and dedendum circle of moulded gear, the optimal combination of different process parameters is determined. The case study demonstrates that the proposed optimization method can produce plastic-moulded gear with minimum shrinkage behaviour of 1.8%, 1.53%, and 2.42% in tooth thickness, addendum circle, and dedendum circle, respectively; these values are less than the values in the main experiment. Therefore, shrinkage-related defects that lead to severe failure in plastic gears can be effectively minimized while satisfying the demand of the global plastic gear industry.","PeriodicalId":31263,"journal":{"name":"工程设计学报","volume":"19 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86341518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. K. Reddy, Naval Kabra, Umesh Kunchum, T. Vijayakumar
Due to growing environmental concerns, vegetable oils are finding their way into lubricants for industrial and transportation applications. The substitution of mineral oil with vegetable oil as a base stock for an environment friendly lubricant in a CI engine is explored in this study without adding any additives. The experiments have been conducted with a mixture of palm oil and mineral oil, at different compositions. Blends of palm oil and mineral oil in different compositions, 0, 25, and 50 (by vol %) were added to base SAE20W40 mineral oil to obtain different lubricant blends. The parameters evaluated include brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, volumetric efficiency, and mechanical efficiency and exhaust emissions. The engine performance and emission tests were carried out on a single cylinder, water cooled, 4-stroke CI engine. Compared to mineral oil, the palm oil-based lubricant revealed appreciable expedience on engine and emission performance.
{"title":"Experimental Investigation on Usage of Palm Oil as a Lubricant to Substitute Mineral Oil in CI Engines","authors":"K. K. Reddy, Naval Kabra, Umesh Kunchum, T. Vijayakumar","doi":"10.1155/2014/643521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/643521","url":null,"abstract":"Due to growing environmental concerns, vegetable oils are finding their way into lubricants for industrial and transportation applications. The substitution of mineral oil with vegetable oil as a base stock for an environment friendly lubricant in a CI engine is explored in this study without adding any additives. The experiments have been conducted with a mixture of palm oil and mineral oil, at different compositions. Blends of palm oil and mineral oil in different compositions, 0, 25, and 50 (by vol %) were added to base SAE20W40 mineral oil to obtain different lubricant blends. The parameters evaluated include brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, volumetric efficiency, and mechanical efficiency and exhaust emissions. The engine performance and emission tests were carried out on a single cylinder, water cooled, 4-stroke CI engine. Compared to mineral oil, the palm oil-based lubricant revealed appreciable expedience on engine and emission performance.","PeriodicalId":31263,"journal":{"name":"工程设计学报","volume":"21 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78631350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper investigates the problem of sharing the secret document containing a secret data between leader and participant(s) depending on specific conditions and rules. The participant(s) can retrieve part of the secret document but will not be able to retrieve any secret data without the leader. At the same time, the leader may have a little information about the secret document but cannot retrieve the secret data and the secret document without cooperating with participant(s). To evaluate the proposed model and the system efficiency, four tests are suggested, which are concatenation and sharing data test, leader visual test, information entropy analysis, and correlation analysis. Results show that the proposed model is efficient in sharing the data between the leader and participant(s) and the model can achieve our concept of the data sharing between leader and participant(s). However, by analyzing the proposed model using numerical tests and visual tests, the results show that the visual tests will not give attackers useful information about the original data, while the numerical tests show that the entropy attacks are not possible and the correlation between the adjacent pixels will not give useful information. Finally, the results show that the proposed model is strong against different types of attacks.
{"title":"SSDLP: Sharing Secret Data between Leader and Participant","authors":"H. Al-Najjar, N. Al-Rousan","doi":"10.1155/2014/736750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/736750","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the problem of sharing the secret document containing a secret data between leader and participant(s) depending on specific conditions and rules. The participant(s) can retrieve part of the secret document but will not be able to retrieve any secret data without the leader. At the same time, the leader may have a little information about the secret document but cannot retrieve the secret data and the secret document without cooperating with participant(s). To evaluate the proposed model and the system efficiency, four tests are suggested, which are concatenation and sharing data test, leader visual test, information entropy analysis, and correlation analysis. Results show that the proposed model is efficient in sharing the data between the leader and participant(s) and the model can achieve our concept of the data sharing between leader and participant(s). However, by analyzing the proposed model using numerical tests and visual tests, the results show that the visual tests will not give attackers useful information about the original data, while the numerical tests show that the entropy attacks are not possible and the correlation between the adjacent pixels will not give useful information. Finally, the results show that the proposed model is strong against different types of attacks.","PeriodicalId":31263,"journal":{"name":"工程设计学报","volume":"2014 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87753584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents an area efficient Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based digital design of a processing module for MTI radar. Signal contaminated with noise and clutter is modelled to test the efficacy of the design algorithms. For flexibility of design and to achieve optimized results, we have combined the high-level utility of MATLAB with the flexibility and optimization on FPGA for this implementation. Two- and three-pulse cancellers are chosen for design due to its simplicity in both concept and implementation. The results obtained are efficient in terms of enhanced throughput per Slice (TPA) of 1.146, that is, occupying fewer area resources on hardware while achieving optimized speed. The outcomes show that this design of MTI radar processor has many advantages, such as high processing precision, strong processing ability, real time, and low cost. All these advantages greatly contribute to the design requirements and make it appropriate for the application of high-speed signal processing.
{"title":"Area Efficient Implementation of MTI Processing Module on a Reconfigurable Platform","authors":"Munaza Yousuf, A. Aziz, Riaz Mahmud","doi":"10.1155/2014/167184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/167184","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an area efficient Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based digital design of a processing module for MTI radar. Signal contaminated with noise and clutter is modelled to test the efficacy of the design algorithms. For flexibility of design and to achieve optimized results, we have combined the high-level utility of MATLAB with the flexibility and optimization on FPGA for this implementation. Two- and three-pulse cancellers are chosen for design due to its simplicity in both concept and implementation. The results obtained are efficient in terms of enhanced throughput per Slice (TPA) of 1.146, that is, occupying fewer area resources on hardware while achieving optimized speed. The outcomes show that this design of MTI radar processor has many advantages, such as high processing precision, strong processing ability, real time, and low cost. All these advantages greatly contribute to the design requirements and make it appropriate for the application of high-speed signal processing.","PeriodicalId":31263,"journal":{"name":"工程设计学报","volume":"27 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82173502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this paper is to propose an architectural model for assimilating distributed sensor networks through cloud paradigm. This strategy can be applied to monitor and control the physical parameters such as temperature, pressure, and level. It is proposed to consider the use of service oriented architecture to program and deploy the sensed parameters. The service oriented architecture for sensor network has been implemented in such a way that, for every specific requirement of the monitor center, the assimilation agent invokes the services of the sensors through a registry and the specific changes in the sensed parameters are also notified as auditable event using push interaction pattern of SOA. The assimilation agent serves as an intelligent component by providing authentication services. This SOA is extended to integrate different types of sensor networks through cloud environment. Hence several sensors can be networked together to monitor different process parameters and they have been assimilated with Internet by registering them as services, hence a complete distributed assimilation environment is exploited.
{"title":"Architecting Service Based Sensor Networks for the Intelligent Assimilation","authors":"R. S. Ponmagal","doi":"10.1155/2014/701829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/701829","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to propose an architectural model for assimilating distributed sensor networks through cloud paradigm. This strategy can be applied to monitor and control the physical parameters such as temperature, pressure, and level. It is proposed to consider the use of service oriented architecture to program and deploy the sensed parameters. The service oriented architecture for sensor network has been implemented in such a way that, for every specific requirement of the monitor center, the assimilation agent invokes the services of the sensors through a registry and the specific changes in the sensed parameters are also notified as auditable event using push interaction pattern of SOA. The assimilation agent serves as an intelligent component by providing authentication services. This SOA is extended to integrate different types of sensor networks through cloud environment. Hence several sensors can be networked together to monitor different process parameters and they have been assimilated with Internet by registering them as services, hence a complete distributed assimilation environment is exploited.","PeriodicalId":31263,"journal":{"name":"工程设计学报","volume":"54 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73568747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recognition of human expression from facial image is an interesting research area, which has received increasing attention in the recent years. A robust and effective facial feature descriptor is the key to designing a successful expression recognition system. Although much progress has been made, deriving a face feature descriptor that can perform consistently under changing environment is still a difficult and challenging task. In this paper, we present the gradient local ternary pattern (GLTP)—a discriminative local texture feature for representing facial expression. The proposed GLTP operator encodes the local texture of an image by computing the gradient magnitudes of the local neighborhood and quantizing those values in three discrimination levels. The location and occurrence information of the resulting micropatterns is then used as the face feature descriptor. The performance of the proposed method has been evaluated for the person-independent face expression recognition task. Experiments with prototypic expression images from the Cohn-Kanade (CK) face expression database validate that the GLTP feature descriptor can effectively encode the facial texture and thus achieves improved recognition performance than some well-known appearance-based facial features.
{"title":"Automated Facial Expression Recognition Using Gradient-Based Ternary Texture Patterns","authors":"Faisal Ahmed, Emam Hossain","doi":"10.1155/2013/831747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/831747","url":null,"abstract":"Recognition of human expression from facial image is an interesting research area, which has received increasing attention in the recent years. A robust and effective facial feature descriptor is the key to designing a successful expression recognition system. Although much progress has been made, deriving a face feature descriptor that can perform consistently under changing environment is still a difficult and challenging task. In this paper, we present the gradient local ternary pattern (GLTP)—a discriminative local texture feature for representing facial expression. The proposed GLTP operator encodes the local texture of an image by computing the gradient magnitudes of the local neighborhood and quantizing those values in three discrimination levels. The location and occurrence information of the resulting micropatterns is then used as the face feature descriptor. The performance of the proposed method has been evaluated for the person-independent face expression recognition task. Experiments with prototypic expression images from the Cohn-Kanade (CK) face expression database validate that the GLTP feature descriptor can effectively encode the facial texture and thus achieves improved recognition performance than some well-known appearance-based facial features.","PeriodicalId":31263,"journal":{"name":"工程设计学报","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84318652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Exact analytic solutions are obtained for the flow of a viscoelastic fluid with fractional second grade model by peristalsis through a curved channel. The flow has been investigated under the assumptions of long wavelength and low Reynolds number approximation. The streamlines for trapped bolus of Newtonian fluid are analyzed graphically. The fractional calculus approach is used to get analytic solutions of the problem. The influence of fractional parameter, material constant, amplitude, and curvature parameter on the pressure and friction force across one wavelength are discussed numerically with the help of graphs.
{"title":"Peristaltic Motion of Viscoelastic Fluid with Fractional Second Grade Model in Curved Channels","authors":"V. K. Narla, K. Prasad, J. Ramanamurthy","doi":"10.1155/2013/582390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/582390","url":null,"abstract":"Exact analytic solutions are obtained for the flow of a viscoelastic fluid with fractional second grade model by peristalsis through a curved channel. The flow has been investigated under the assumptions \u0000of long wavelength and low Reynolds number approximation. The streamlines for trapped bolus of Newtonian fluid are analyzed graphically. The fractional calculus approach is used to get analytic solutions of the problem. The influence of fractional parameter, material constant, amplitude, and curvature parameter on the pressure and friction force across one wavelength are discussed numerically with the help of graphs.","PeriodicalId":31263,"journal":{"name":"工程设计学报","volume":"33 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83891275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents an FPGA-based microstepping driver which drives a linear motion system with a smooth and precise way. Proposed driver built on a Spartan3 FPGA (XC3S400 core) development board from Xilinx. Implementation of driver realized by an FPGA and using Verilog hardware description language in the Xilinx ISE environment. The driver’s control behavior can be adapted just by altering Verilog scripts. In addition, a linear motion system developed (with 4 mm movement per motor revolution) and coupled it to the stepper motor. The performance of the driver is tested by measuring the distance traveled on linear motion system. The experimental results verified using hardware-in-loop Matlab and Xilinx cosimulation method. This driver accomplishes a firm and accurate control and is responsive.
{"title":"Implementation of High Performance Microstepping Driver Using FPGA with the Aim of Realizing Accurate Control on a Linear Motion System","authors":"F. A. Aghdam, Siamak Saeidi Haghi","doi":"10.1155/2013/425093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/425093","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an FPGA-based microstepping driver which drives a linear motion system with a smooth and precise way. Proposed driver built on a Spartan3 FPGA (XC3S400 core) development board from Xilinx. Implementation of driver realized by an FPGA and using Verilog hardware description language in the Xilinx ISE environment. The driver’s control behavior can be adapted just by altering Verilog scripts. In addition, a linear motion system developed (with 4 mm movement per motor revolution) and coupled it to the stepper motor. The performance of the driver is tested by measuring the distance traveled on linear motion system. The experimental results verified using hardware-in-loop Matlab and Xilinx cosimulation method. This driver accomplishes a firm and accurate control and is responsive.","PeriodicalId":31263,"journal":{"name":"工程设计学报","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72700358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solar energy can be converted into different forms of energy, either to thermal energy or to electrical energy. Solar energy is converted directly into electrical power by photovoltaic modules, while solar collector converts solar energy into thermal energy. Solar collector works by absorbing the direct solar radiation and converting it into thermal energy, which can be stored in the form of sensible heat or latent heat or a combination of sensible and latent heats. A theoretical study has been carried out to rate the various thermal energy storage commonly used in solar air heaters. During the investigations rock bed storages have been found to be low type thermal heat storage, while phase change materials have been found to be high heat thermal storages. Besides this, a few other heat storing materials have been studied and discussed for lower to higher ratings in terms of thermal performance purposely for solar heaters.
{"title":"Solar Air Heaters with Thermal Heat Storages","authors":"A. Saxena, Varun Goel","doi":"10.1155/2013/190279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/190279","url":null,"abstract":"Solar energy can be converted into different forms of energy, either to thermal energy or to electrical energy. Solar energy is converted directly into electrical power by photovoltaic modules, while solar collector converts solar energy into thermal energy. Solar collector works by absorbing the direct solar radiation and converting it into thermal energy, which can be stored in the form of sensible heat or latent heat or a combination of sensible and latent heats. A theoretical study has been carried out to rate the various thermal energy storage commonly used in solar air heaters. During the investigations rock bed storages have been found to be low type thermal heat storage, while phase change materials have been found to be high heat thermal storages. Besides this, a few other heat storing materials have been studied and discussed for lower to higher ratings in terms of thermal performance purposely for solar heaters.","PeriodicalId":31263,"journal":{"name":"工程设计学报","volume":"54 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77395232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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