Abstract Since the Second World War, proxy war has become one of the most widespread forms of war. One recent example, the war of Ukraine and its supporters against Russia, is being fought close to Europe. Although the theoretical features of proxy war in general have been researched in recent decades, the character of proxy war has changed since that time, which makes it necessary to study these features again. This article examines the concept of proxy war, and the ethical and particularly the justice-related implications of that concept, with the help of military philosophical and military ethical enquiry, and finds that the new style proxy relationship contains the satisfaction of the interests of the supporter and the supported at the same time, which, however, can hamper the consolidation of the conflict and reaching a lasting peace.
{"title":"Proxy War: Its Philosophy and Ethics","authors":"Mihály Boda","doi":"10.2478/cmc-2023-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cmc-2023-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Since the Second World War, proxy war has become one of the most widespread forms of war. One recent example, the war of Ukraine and its supporters against Russia, is being fought close to Europe. Although the theoretical features of proxy war in general have been researched in recent decades, the character of proxy war has changed since that time, which makes it necessary to study these features again. This article examines the concept of proxy war, and the ethical and particularly the justice-related implications of that concept, with the help of military philosophical and military ethical enquiry, and finds that the new style proxy relationship contains the satisfaction of the interests of the supporter and the supported at the same time, which, however, can hamper the consolidation of the conflict and reaching a lasting peace.","PeriodicalId":312853,"journal":{"name":"CONTEMPORARY MILITARY CHALLENGES","volume":"69 6","pages":"9 - 21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139191439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Mori, Urban Žvar Baškovič, T. Katrašnik, Robert Šipec, B. Drobnič
Abstract This article presents a concept of establishing a network of energy self-sufficient nodes in Slovenia and the EU, within the Defence RESilience Hub Network in Europe project initiated by the Ministry of Defence of Slovenia (MORS). The goal is to reduce the energy dependence of military facilities on external suppliers. A mathematical model of a military site’s micro-grid incorporates multiple energy vectors and their conversion and storage, with a focus on hydrogen technologies. A case study of a military site in Belgium shows that an energy system with solar and wind power can provide sufficient hydrogen for transportation needs and operate the site autonomously for up to 30 days. Additionally, the carbon footprint of the military base as an energy system was calculated, indicating potential reductions in environmental impacts.
{"title":"Securing Autonomy of Military Barracks Through Renewable Energy Solutions","authors":"M. Mori, Urban Žvar Baškovič, T. Katrašnik, Robert Šipec, B. Drobnič","doi":"10.2478/cmc-2023-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cmc-2023-0024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article presents a concept of establishing a network of energy self-sufficient nodes in Slovenia and the EU, within the Defence RESilience Hub Network in Europe project initiated by the Ministry of Defence of Slovenia (MORS). The goal is to reduce the energy dependence of military facilities on external suppliers. A mathematical model of a military site’s micro-grid incorporates multiple energy vectors and their conversion and storage, with a focus on hydrogen technologies. A case study of a military site in Belgium shows that an energy system with solar and wind power can provide sufficient hydrogen for transportation needs and operate the site autonomously for up to 30 days. Additionally, the carbon footprint of the military base as an energy system was calculated, indicating potential reductions in environmental impacts.","PeriodicalId":312853,"journal":{"name":"CONTEMPORARY MILITARY CHALLENGES","volume":"329 1","pages":"87 - 109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139195849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Macedonia was considered an oasis of peace in the Balkans during the 1990s, as it was the only country of the former Yugoslavia where there was no armed conflict. This changed in 2001 with a so-called “war”, which ended quite quickly, partly thanks to international intervention. Although armed conflicts in the region have not recurred in a prolonged form, almost every year new short-lived disturbances, protests, and incidents arise. This article analyses the conflict’s dynamics from the establishment of independent Macedonia to the present day as North Macedonia continues to develop and implement positive reforms for minority integration. It emphasizes the root causes of the dispute, which remain unresolved, as the Albanian minority is growing in numbers, while Macedonians, whose population is falling, observe the changes with uncertainty.
{"title":"The Dynamics of an (Armed) Conflict: The Albanian Minority in the Republic of North Macedonia","authors":"Ajda Vodlan","doi":"10.2478/cmc-2023-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cmc-2023-0023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Macedonia was considered an oasis of peace in the Balkans during the 1990s, as it was the only country of the former Yugoslavia where there was no armed conflict. This changed in 2001 with a so-called “war”, which ended quite quickly, partly thanks to international intervention. Although armed conflicts in the region have not recurred in a prolonged form, almost every year new short-lived disturbances, protests, and incidents arise. This article analyses the conflict’s dynamics from the establishment of independent Macedonia to the present day as North Macedonia continues to develop and implement positive reforms for minority integration. It emphasizes the root causes of the dispute, which remain unresolved, as the Albanian minority is growing in numbers, while Macedonians, whose population is falling, observe the changes with uncertainty.","PeriodicalId":312853,"journal":{"name":"CONTEMPORARY MILITARY CHALLENGES","volume":"104 8","pages":"67 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139190189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract One of the longest-running terrorist groups on the African continent is the Lord’s Resistance Army, originating from Uganda. Using the Christianity combined with local animism and Islam as the basis of their ideology and focusing at first on the protection of the Acholi people, this group evolved from fighting their enemies to oppressing their own people. Initially an internal conflict, the activities of the Lord’s Resistance Army spread throughout the region through a proxy war between neighbouring countries, until eventually international intervention was called for. Based on the Conflict Assessment Framework, combined with other methods, this armed conflict is analysed, showing the progress of the conflict through the time.
{"title":"Analysis of the Armed Conflict: A Case Study of Lord’s Resistance Army","authors":"Klemen Kocjančič","doi":"10.2478/cmc-2023-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cmc-2023-0022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract One of the longest-running terrorist groups on the African continent is the Lord’s Resistance Army, originating from Uganda. Using the Christianity combined with local animism and Islam as the basis of their ideology and focusing at first on the protection of the Acholi people, this group evolved from fighting their enemies to oppressing their own people. Initially an internal conflict, the activities of the Lord’s Resistance Army spread throughout the region through a proxy war between neighbouring countries, until eventually international intervention was called for. Based on the Conflict Assessment Framework, combined with other methods, this armed conflict is analysed, showing the progress of the conflict through the time.","PeriodicalId":312853,"journal":{"name":"CONTEMPORARY MILITARY CHALLENGES","volume":"5 2","pages":"51 - 65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139189612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This study investigates, for the first time, the impact of the war on the information security of the EU’s banking industry. This domain is critical, as i) a significant cyber incident may lead to the financial and political instability of the Member States, and ii) the efficiency of the financial sanctions adopted by the EU depends on the appropriate operation of the EU’s banking systems. Qualitative methods were used in the study; relevant literature and publicly available sector specific data were analysed, and senior information security experts from Hungarian and Slovakian banks were interviewed. The results underpin the fact that banks in the EU are facing an exceptionally high level of cyber risk; the paper attempts to provide actions responding to these risks to keep the banking industry secure.
{"title":"The Impact of the War in Ukraine on the Information Security of the European Union’s Banking Industry – A Case Study of Hungary And Slovakia","authors":"Tamás Somogyi, Rudolf Nagy","doi":"10.2478/cmc-2023-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cmc-2023-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study investigates, for the first time, the impact of the war on the information security of the EU’s banking industry. This domain is critical, as i) a significant cyber incident may lead to the financial and political instability of the Member States, and ii) the efficiency of the financial sanctions adopted by the EU depends on the appropriate operation of the EU’s banking systems. Qualitative methods were used in the study; relevant literature and publicly available sector specific data were analysed, and senior information security experts from Hungarian and Slovakian banks were interviewed. The results underpin the fact that banks in the EU are facing an exceptionally high level of cyber risk; the paper attempts to provide actions responding to these risks to keep the banking industry secure.","PeriodicalId":312853,"journal":{"name":"CONTEMPORARY MILITARY CHALLENGES","volume":"111 5","pages":"23 - 32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139195832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The rapid development, use and availability of technology is creating new opportunities in all areas of human life. The amount of data generated is enormous, followed by advances in the collection, processing and analysis of big data for a variety of purposes, such as various industries, science, healthcare and even education. Data science in education aims to better understand and improve learning processes through data–driven insights. Learning analytics studies how to use data mining, machine learning, natural language processing, visualisation and human– computer interaction approaches to help learners, educators and institutional leaders improve learning processes and teaching practices.
{"title":"Data Power in Military Education: Awareness and Understanding of Learning Analytics","authors":"Darko Ščavničar","doi":"10.2478/cmc-2023-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cmc-2023-0021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The rapid development, use and availability of technology is creating new opportunities in all areas of human life. The amount of data generated is enormous, followed by advances in the collection, processing and analysis of big data for a variety of purposes, such as various industries, science, healthcare and even education. Data science in education aims to better understand and improve learning processes through data–driven insights. Learning analytics studies how to use data mining, machine learning, natural language processing, visualisation and human– computer interaction approaches to help learners, educators and institutional leaders improve learning processes and teaching practices.","PeriodicalId":312853,"journal":{"name":"CONTEMPORARY MILITARY CHALLENGES","volume":"184 ","pages":"33 - 49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139195450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editorial: Defence Research, Development and Innovation","authors":"L. Brožič, Klemen Kocjancic","doi":"10.2478/cmc-2023-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cmc-2023-0010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":312853,"journal":{"name":"CONTEMPORARY MILITARY CHALLENGES","volume":"106 1","pages":"5 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139371983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-30DOI: 10.33179/bsv.99.svi.11.cmc.23.4
{"title":"POSAMEZNIK, DRŽAVA, VARNOST/ INDIVIDUAL, STATE, SECURITY","authors":"","doi":"10.33179/bsv.99.svi.11.cmc.23.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33179/bsv.99.svi.11.cmc.23.4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":312853,"journal":{"name":"CONTEMPORARY MILITARY CHALLENGES","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124931534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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