Pub Date : 2019-09-03DOI: 10.33179/bsv.99.svi.11.cmc.21.3
{"title":"FIFTEEN YEARS IN THE ALLIANCE","authors":"","doi":"10.33179/bsv.99.svi.11.cmc.21.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33179/bsv.99.svi.11.cmc.21.3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":312853,"journal":{"name":"CONTEMPORARY MILITARY CHALLENGES","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124891999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-03DOI: 10.33179/bsv.99.svi.11.cmc.21.3.0
Gregorju Kocijanu, OB 80-LETNICI, Gregor Kocijan
Leta 2019 prepoznavamo tri pomembne obletnice za Republiko Slovenijo, njene državljanke in državljane, za njen obrambno-varnostni sistem, za pripadnice in pripadnike Slovenske vojske. Prva pomembna obletnica je 70 let Severnoatlantskega zavezništva, drugi dve pa sta 15 let Republike Slovenije v Evropski uniji in Natu. 70 let Severnoatlantskega zavezništva je na prvem mestu zaradi njegovega simbolnega pomena. Uradni datum njegovega nastanka je 4. april 1949. Lahko pa zapišemo, da je severnoatlantsko sodelovanje bistveno starejše. Nastalo je v času preseljevanja različnih narodov in narodnosti v Severno Ameriko z ozemelj današnje Evropske unije ter tudi iz drugih delov sveta. Sorodstvene vezi na obeh straneh Atlantika povezujejo že več generacij, niso pa edine. Prestale so posebne preizkušnje v času obeh svetovnih vojn in postale sodelovanje, ki se je uradno preimenovalo iz sodelovanja v zavezništvo na pogorišču druge svetovne vojne iz enega samega razloga – da se nikoli več ne bi ponovilo. Generalni sekretar Nata Jens Stoltenberg je ob 70-letnici zavezništva v Washingtonu povedal, da »ima Nato širok domet in kljubuje časovnim spremembam, ker smo se poenotili glede osnovne zaveze varovati in braniti drug drugega«. V širšem smislu pa gre pri fenomenu dolgoletnega zavezništva najverjetneje za stremljenje k ohranjanju, preživetju in razvijanju zahodnoevropske kulturne, zgodovinske, politične, sociološke, varnostne, obrambne, vojaške ter še katere druge identitete. V zadnjem času sta opaznejša geopolitični vidik in pomen zavezništva v odnosu do drugih hitro razvijajočih se političnih akterjev predvsem z vzhoda. Glede na velike spremembe, ki so se zgodile v zadnjih 70 letih, je zavezništvo kot relativno staro v primerjavi z drugimi varnostnimi organizacijami danes v zavidljivi kondiciji. Dejstvo, da je Republika Slovenija članica Evropske unije in zavezništva že 15 let, se zdi logično še zlasti z zgodovinskega vidika. Predniki, ki so živeli na območju naše države, so bili del Svetega rimskega cesarstva več kot tisoč let, Avstrijskega cesarstva 63 let in avstro-ogrske monarhije 51 let. V 20. stoletju smo bili v nekaj različnih obdobjih umeščeni v različne organizacijske strukture z današnjimi državami Zahodnega Balkana, v 21. stoletju pa smo tam, kamor spadamo, v Evropski uniji in v zavezništvu. O tem so državljanke in državljani Republike Slovenije odločili na referendumu 23. marca 2003, pri čemer so članstvu v Evropski uniji namenili skoraj 90-odstotno podporo, članstvu v zavezništvu pa 66-odstotno. Številka Sodobnih vojaških izzivov, ki je pred vami, je namenjena 15 letom Republike Slovenije v zavezništvu. V letih 2009 in 2014 smo že izdali jubilejni številki ob 5. in 10. obletnici z dotedanjimi izkušnjami, dobrimi in manj dobrimi praksami. Želeli smo jih zapisati, ohraniti v spominu in zapustiti sledi mlajšim generacijam. Še zlasti pa smo naše izkušnje želeli deliti z drugimi državami, ki želijo postati članice zavezništva, saj jim lahko pomagajo, da
{"title":"UVODNIK","authors":"Gregorju Kocijanu, OB 80-LETNICI, Gregor Kocijan","doi":"10.33179/bsv.99.svi.11.cmc.21.3.0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33179/bsv.99.svi.11.cmc.21.3.0","url":null,"abstract":"Leta 2019 prepoznavamo tri pomembne obletnice za Republiko Slovenijo, njene državljanke in državljane, za njen obrambno-varnostni sistem, za pripadnice in pripadnike Slovenske vojske. Prva pomembna obletnica je 70 let Severnoatlantskega zavezništva, drugi dve pa sta 15 let Republike Slovenije v Evropski uniji in Natu.\u000070 let Severnoatlantskega zavezništva je na prvem mestu zaradi njegovega simbolnega pomena. Uradni datum njegovega nastanka je 4. april 1949. Lahko pa zapišemo, da je severnoatlantsko sodelovanje bistveno starejše. Nastalo je v času preseljevanja različnih narodov in narodnosti v Severno Ameriko z ozemelj današnje Evropske unije ter tudi iz drugih delov sveta. Sorodstvene vezi na obeh straneh Atlantika povezujejo že več generacij, niso pa edine. Prestale so posebne preizkušnje v času obeh svetovnih vojn in postale sodelovanje, ki se je uradno preimenovalo iz sodelovanja v zavezništvo na pogorišču druge svetovne vojne iz enega samega razloga – da se nikoli več ne bi ponovilo.\u0000Generalni sekretar Nata Jens Stoltenberg je ob 70-letnici zavezništva v Washingtonu povedal, da »ima Nato širok domet in kljubuje časovnim spremembam, ker smo se poenotili glede osnovne zaveze varovati in braniti drug drugega«. V širšem smislu pa gre pri fenomenu dolgoletnega zavezništva najverjetneje za stremljenje k ohranjanju, preživetju in razvijanju zahodnoevropske kulturne, zgodovinske, politične, sociološke, varnostne, obrambne, vojaške ter še katere druge identitete. V zadnjem času sta opaznejša geopolitični vidik in pomen zavezništva v odnosu do drugih hitro razvijajočih se političnih akterjev predvsem z vzhoda. Glede na velike spremembe, ki so se zgodile v zadnjih 70 letih, je zavezništvo kot relativno staro v primerjavi z drugimi varnostnimi organizacijami danes v zavidljivi kondiciji.\u0000Dejstvo, da je Republika Slovenija članica Evropske unije in zavezništva že 15 let, se zdi logično še zlasti z zgodovinskega vidika. Predniki, ki so živeli na območju naše države, so bili del Svetega rimskega cesarstva več kot tisoč let, Avstrijskega cesarstva 63 let in avstro-ogrske monarhije 51 let. V 20. stoletju smo bili v nekaj različnih obdobjih umeščeni v različne organizacijske strukture z današnjimi državami Zahodnega Balkana, v 21. stoletju pa smo tam, kamor spadamo, v Evropski uniji in v zavezništvu. O tem so državljanke in državljani Republike Slovenije odločili na referendumu 23. marca 2003, pri čemer so članstvu v Evropski uniji namenili skoraj 90-odstotno podporo, članstvu v zavezništvu pa 66-odstotno.\u0000Številka Sodobnih vojaških izzivov, ki je pred vami, je namenjena 15 letom Republike Slovenije v zavezništvu. V letih 2009 in 2014 smo že izdali jubilejni številki ob 5. in 10. obletnici z dotedanjimi izkušnjami, dobrimi in manj dobrimi praksami. Želeli smo jih zapisati, ohraniti v spominu in zapustiti sledi mlajšim generacijam. Še zlasti pa smo naše izkušnje želeli deliti z drugimi državami, ki želijo postati članice zavezništva, saj jim lahko pomagajo, da","PeriodicalId":312853,"journal":{"name":"CONTEMPORARY MILITARY CHALLENGES","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126537089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-03DOI: 10.33179/bsv.99.svi.11.cmc.21.3.1
Boris Rutar
Abstract The purpose of this article is to describe the difference between two intra-state concepts of cooperation with regard to security and its application in NATO. In the first part of the article the author elaborates the distinction between a military alliance and a military coalition. While an alliance is inherently defensive in nature, a coalition concept is much more suitable for ad hoc deployment outside its own territorial space. With regard to this, in the second part the author analyzes the transformation of the NATO Alliance and the impact that Crisis Response Operations have had on the perception and inner power structure of NATO. The Crisis Management System and the Framework Nation Concept are used as primary examples of NATO acting as a coalition rather than an alliance. Key words Military alliance, military coalition, crisis response operations, Framework Nation Concept.
{"title":"THE NATO ALLIANCE AS A COALITION (OF THE WILLING)","authors":"Boris Rutar","doi":"10.33179/bsv.99.svi.11.cmc.21.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33179/bsv.99.svi.11.cmc.21.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000The purpose of this article is to describe the difference between two intra-state concepts of cooperation with regard to security and its application in NATO. In the first part of the article the author elaborates the distinction between a military alliance and a military coalition. While an alliance is inherently defensive in nature, a coalition concept is much more suitable for ad hoc deployment outside its own territorial space. With regard to this, in the second part the author analyzes the transformation of the NATO Alliance and the impact that Crisis Response Operations have had on the perception and inner power structure of NATO. The Crisis Management System and the Framework Nation Concept are used as primary examples of NATO acting as a coalition rather than an alliance.\u0000Key words\u0000Military alliance, military coalition, crisis response operations, Framework Nation Concept.","PeriodicalId":312853,"journal":{"name":"CONTEMPORARY MILITARY CHALLENGES","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115930392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-31DOI: 10.33179/10.33179/BSV.99.SVI.11.CMC.21.2.3
Nina Raduha
The global strategic environment has dramatically changed. We live in a highly complex information environment, where we are facing hybrid threats, terrorism, information confrontations, cyber threats, irregular war, massive migration and so on. In this environment, the Alliance needed to adapt and enhance the speed, connectivity and effectiveness of its Strategic Communications (StratCom) effort, which was created as NATO’s smart answer to the challenging information environment we live in. This article describes the NATO Strategic Communications concept to provide deeper understanding and increase knowledge of the context, tools, capabilities and processes conducted within the frame of it. The article explains the role, responsibility and opportunity leaders at every level have in conducting, leading, implementing and using the NATO concept of Strategic Communications.
{"title":"STRATEGIC COMMUNICATIONS AS A NATO AND NATO NATIONS’ LEADERSHIP OPPORTUNITY","authors":"Nina Raduha","doi":"10.33179/10.33179/BSV.99.SVI.11.CMC.21.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33179/10.33179/BSV.99.SVI.11.CMC.21.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"The global strategic environment has dramatically changed. We live in a highly complex information environment, where we are facing hybrid threats, terrorism, information confrontations, cyber threats, irregular war, massive migration and so on. In this environment, the Alliance needed to adapt and enhance the speed, connectivity and effectiveness of its Strategic Communications (StratCom) effort, which was created as NATO’s smart answer to the challenging information environment we live in. \u0000This article describes the NATO Strategic Communications concept to provide deeper understanding and increase knowledge of the context, tools, capabilities and processes conducted within the frame of it. The article explains the role, responsibility and opportunity leaders at every level have in conducting, leading, implementing and using the NATO concept of Strategic Communications.","PeriodicalId":312853,"journal":{"name":"CONTEMPORARY MILITARY CHALLENGES","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114233453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-31DOI: 10.33179/10.33179/BSV.99.SVI.11.CMC.21.2.2
Eva Moehlecke de Baseggio, Olivia Schneider, T. S. Tresch
The Swiss Armed Forces (SAF), as part of a democratic system, depends on legitimacy. Democracy, legitimacy and the public are closely connected. In the public sphere the SAF need to be visible; it is where they are controlled and legitimated by the citizens, as part of a deliberative discussion in which political decisions are communicatively negotiated. Considering this, the meaning of political communication, including the SAF’s communication, becomes obvious as it forms the most important basis for political legitimation processes. Social media provide a new way for the SAF to communicate and interact directly with the population. The SAF’s social media communication potentially brings it closer to the people and engages them in a dialogue. The SAF can become more transparent and social media communication may increase its reputation and legitimacy. To measure the effects of social media communication, a survey of the Swiss internet population was conducted. Based on this data, a structural equation model was defined, the effects of which substantiate the assumption that the SAF benefits from being on social media in terms of broadening its reach and increasing legitimacy values.
{"title":"#INCLUSION –\u0000THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA COMMUNICATION ON THE LEGITIMACY OF ARMED FORCES","authors":"Eva Moehlecke de Baseggio, Olivia Schneider, T. S. Tresch","doi":"10.33179/10.33179/BSV.99.SVI.11.CMC.21.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33179/10.33179/BSV.99.SVI.11.CMC.21.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"The Swiss Armed Forces (SAF), as part of a democratic system, depends on legitimacy. Democracy, legitimacy and the public are closely connected. In the public sphere the SAF need to be visible; it is where they are controlled and legitimated by the citizens, as part of a deliberative discussion in which political decisions are communicatively negotiated. Considering this, the meaning of political communication, including the SAF’s communication, becomes obvious as it forms the most important basis for political legitimation processes. Social media provide a new way for the SAF to communicate and interact directly with the population. The SAF’s social media communication potentially brings it closer to the people and engages them in a dialogue. The SAF can become more transparent and social media communication may increase its reputation and legitimacy. To measure the effects of social media communication, a survey of the Swiss internet population was conducted. Based on this data, a structural equation model was defined, the effects of which substantiate the assumption that the SAF benefits from being on social media in terms of broadening its reach and increasing legitimacy values.","PeriodicalId":312853,"journal":{"name":"CONTEMPORARY MILITARY CHALLENGES","volume":"131 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133732116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-31DOI: 10.33179/10.33179/BSV.99.SVI.11.CMC.21.2.6
P. Ellis, Richard P. Cole
Anyone involved in communications today is faced with a fast-paced information environment, a technologically enabled ‘audience’, and a global situation that has evolved into a state of constant competition, with state and non-state actors deliberately engaging in the cognitive domain. For Strategic Communications and Information Operations to be effective, it is imperative that we recognize the need to improve engagement and communication skills. This article looks at the changing dynamics affecting Strategic Communications, especially the impact of global networks and social media, how to increase effectiveness through better storytelling, and concludes by looking at the role and benefit of a Red Information Operations Team. We assert that, while many aspects of this situation have and continue to change, many of the fundamental principles of effective communication have been with us since the earliest days of civilization. If we focus on these essential elements of storytelling and apply them to our modern-day environment, we will be far more effective in support of our strategic and tactical objectives.
{"title":"THE NEED TO IMPROVE ENGAGEMENT AND COMMUNICATIONS IN A WORLD THAT IS IN A STATE OF PERSISTENT COMPETITION","authors":"P. Ellis, Richard P. Cole","doi":"10.33179/10.33179/BSV.99.SVI.11.CMC.21.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33179/10.33179/BSV.99.SVI.11.CMC.21.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Anyone involved in communications today is faced with a fast-paced information environment, a technologically enabled ‘audience’, and a global situation that has evolved into a state of constant competition, with state and non-state actors deliberately engaging in the cognitive domain. \u0000For Strategic Communications and Information Operations to be effective, it is imperative that we recognize the need to improve engagement and communication skills.\u0000This article looks at the changing dynamics affecting Strategic Communications, especially the impact of global networks and social media, how to increase effectiveness through better storytelling, and concludes by looking at the role and benefit of a Red Information Operations Team.\u0000We assert that, while many aspects of this situation have and continue to change, many of the fundamental principles of effective communication have been with us since the earliest days of civilization. If we focus on these essential elements of storytelling and apply them to our modern-day environment, we will be far more effective in support of our strategic and tactical objectives.","PeriodicalId":312853,"journal":{"name":"CONTEMPORARY MILITARY CHALLENGES","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128471156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-31DOI: 10.33179/10.33179/BSV.99.SVI.11.CMC.21.2.RE
L. Brožič
The International Journal of Strategic Communication, published by the Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, issued a specially themed edition entitled “Future Directions Of Strategic Communication” in November 2018. In the foreword the editors, Howard Nothhaft from the Department of Strategic Communication, Lund University Campus Helsingborg, Sweden; Kelly Page Werder from the University of South Florida, USA; Dejan Verčič from the University of Ljubljana, Slovenia; and Ansgar Zarfass from the Norwegian Business School in Oslo, Norway, explain how the idea of the special edition emerged at the pre-conference of the International Communication Association’s 67th Annual Conference, held in May 2017 in San Diego, California. The conference hosted 42 academics from 14 countries who delivered 21 presentations. The special edition features 10 articles which are undeniably excellent. The aim of the editors was to provide answers to some key questions; one of their findings was that a universal understanding of the key pillars underlining strategic communication was still missing. They also explored the idea of the key perspective and its contribution, the use of appropriate strategies and concepts of communication, lessons learned from recent debates on strategic management and strategic connections, how empirical studies have contributed to the discussion, and the development of the field in different parts of the world. In the first section, entitled The Emergence of a Paradigm, the editors offer an interdisciplinary perspective within academic strategic communication, which will provide a permanent definition of its purpose, so far lacking. The second section, entitled Conceptual Foundations of Strategic Communication, includes four articles by six different authors. The articles are mainly theoretical and connected to other fields in addition to strategic communication. The third section, Expanding the Body of Knowledge, consists of three articles by eight authors. They focus on the key concepts, identity and function of the basic discipline. The final section, Future Directions of Strategic Communication, contains a single article written by all four editors, and will likely attract the most attention, especially from those dealing with strategic communication in security, defence and military contexts. The authors introduce the term strategic communication and its history, which are both understood very differently in different fields. They then describe the origins of the two, also referring to Edward Bernays’ significant role, with his Propaganda and the development of the term public relations. Throughout history, both of them have been and still are closely linked to security, defence and military topics. This connection is explained in great detail through an explanation of the terminology and its nuances; for example, the use of the concept of strategic communication in public administration, while the term corporate communication is mostly
劳特利奇、泰勒和弗朗西斯集团出版的《国际战略传播杂志》于2018年11月出版了题为《战略传播的未来方向》的专题版。编者在前言中，来自瑞典赫尔辛堡隆德大学战略传播系的Howard Nothhaft;来自美国南佛罗里达大学的Kelly Page Werder;斯洛文尼亚卢布尔雅那大学的Dejan ver isti;和来自挪威奥斯陆的挪威商学院的Ansgar Zarfass解释了特别版的想法是如何在2017年5月在加利福尼亚州圣地亚哥举行的国际传播协会第67届年会的会前出现的。会议邀请了来自14个国家的42位学者，他们发表了21篇演讲。这个特别版刊载了10篇无可否认的优秀文章。编辑的目的是为一些关键问题提供答案;他们的发现之一是，对战略沟通的关键支柱仍然缺乏普遍的理解。他们还探讨了关键视角的概念及其贡献，适当的沟通策略和概念的使用，从最近关于战略管理和战略联系的辩论中吸取的教训，实证研究如何对讨论做出贡献，以及该领域在世界不同地区的发展。在第一部分，题为“范式的出现”，编辑们在学术战略传播中提供了一个跨学科的视角，这将为其目的提供一个永久的定义，这是迄今为止所缺乏的。第二部分题为“战略传播的概念基础”，包括六位不同作者的四篇文章。这些文章主要是理论性的，除了战略传播外，还与其他领域有联系。第三部分，扩展知识体系，由8位作者的3篇文章组成。他们关注基础学科的关键概念、身份和功能。最后一部分，战略传播的未来方向，包含了四位编辑共同撰写的一篇文章，可能会吸引最多的关注，特别是那些在安全、国防和军事背景下处理战略传播的人。本文介绍了战略传播的概念及其历史，不同领域对战略传播的理解存在很大差异。然后他们描述了这两个词的起源，也提到了爱德华·伯内斯的重要作用，他的宣传和公共关系一词的发展。纵观历史，这两个问题一直并仍然与安全、国防和军事问题密切相关。通过对术语及其细微差别的解释，可以非常详细地解释这种联系;例如，在公共行政中使用战略传播的概念，而企业传播一词主要由私营部门使用。在军事和国家力量的背景下，对通信的旧的，但最近增长的兴趣是突出的。这些话题通常不太受公众欢迎，特别是在具有强大威慑作用和相关附带损害的新武器的情况下，这需要更多的通用性和沟通技巧。从逻辑上讲，伯内斯被誉为“沟通之父”，他的技能主要是在二战后通过美国对旧欧洲大陆的各种援助项目发展起来的。战略一词也有一些亮点，即在传播领域，什么是战略，什么不是战略。《国际战略传播杂志》的特别版《战略传播的未来方向》是针对战略传播爱好者的。建议从事任何形式的战略沟通的学者和专家，特别是那些在安全、国防或军事结构中工作并希望在未来进一步探索这一点的人。现有的高质量理论和优秀的实践经验是发展新理论、新概念、新思想的最佳结合。
{"title":"REVIEW\u0000ABOUT FUTURE DIRECTIONS OF STRATEGIC COMMUNICATION","authors":"L. Brožič","doi":"10.33179/10.33179/BSV.99.SVI.11.CMC.21.2.RE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33179/10.33179/BSV.99.SVI.11.CMC.21.2.RE","url":null,"abstract":"The International Journal of Strategic Communication, published by the Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, issued a specially themed edition entitled “Future Directions Of Strategic Communication” in November 2018.\u0000In the foreword the editors, Howard Nothhaft from the Department of Strategic Communication, Lund University Campus Helsingborg, Sweden; Kelly Page Werder from the University of South Florida, USA; Dejan Verčič from the University of Ljubljana, Slovenia; and Ansgar Zarfass from the Norwegian Business School in Oslo, Norway, explain how the idea of the special edition emerged at the pre-conference of the International Communication Association’s 67th Annual Conference, held in May 2017 in San Diego, California. The conference hosted 42 academics from 14 countries who delivered 21 presentations. The special edition features 10 articles which are undeniably excellent. The aim of the editors was to provide answers to some key questions; one of their findings was that a universal understanding of the key pillars underlining strategic communication was still missing. They also explored the idea of the key perspective and its contribution, the use of appropriate strategies and concepts of communication, lessons learned from recent debates on strategic management and strategic connections, how empirical studies have contributed to the discussion, and the development of the field in different parts of the world. \u0000In the first section, entitled The Emergence of a Paradigm, the editors offer an interdisciplinary perspective within academic strategic communication, which will provide a permanent definition of its purpose, so far lacking.\u0000The second section, entitled Conceptual Foundations of Strategic Communication, includes four articles by six different authors. The articles are mainly theoretical and connected to other fields in addition to strategic communication. \u0000The third section, Expanding the Body of Knowledge, consists of three articles by eight authors. They focus on the key concepts, identity and function of the basic discipline.\u0000The final section, Future Directions of Strategic Communication, contains a single article written by all four editors, and will likely attract the most attention, especially from those dealing with strategic communication in security, defence and military contexts. The authors introduce the term strategic communication and its history, which are both understood very differently in different fields. They then describe the origins of the two, also referring to Edward Bernays’ significant role, with his Propaganda and the development of the term public relations. Throughout history, both of them have been and still are closely linked to security, defence and military topics. This connection is explained in great detail through an explanation of the terminology and its nuances; for example, the use of the concept of strategic communication in public administration, while the term corporate communication is mostly ","PeriodicalId":312853,"journal":{"name":"CONTEMPORARY MILITARY CHALLENGES","volume":"366 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115472831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-31DOI: 10.33179/10.33179/BSV.99.SVI.11.CMC.21.2.4
Glen Segell
Information warfare is a type of strategic communication realized through models of power such as soft and sharp power. Investigation provides evidence sustaining the theoretical framework and premise that the essential models of power are not just the ability, capability and intent, but also the means, method or technique of both states and non-state actors. The example of a dispute between Israel and Hamas in Gaza, from December 2017 to March 2018, shows Israel wielding soft power and Hamas wielding sharp power. This article reviews the models of power, then uses the methodology of the narrative and counter-narrative of Israel and Hamas to show their information warfare campaign. Hamas, a non-state actor, succeeded in gaining sympathy, but was unable to utilize this to further any other objectives. Winning an information battle by soft or by sharp power does not mean that the conflict is over. The conclusion shows that non-state actors, e.g. Hamas, that prioritize control over openness are deficient in soft power projection, so use sharp power to create distraction by the key attributes of expression and manipulation of mass media and public sensitivities, rather than by the attraction and persuasion (soft power) used by states, e.g. Israel. In both, all that is required is to instil a perception, even without facts, in the minds of the audience, which includes global leaders, the mass population and media outlets.
{"title":"INFORMATION WARFARE BY MEANS OF SOFT AND SHARP POWER: THE CASE OF ISRAEL AND HAMAS","authors":"Glen Segell","doi":"10.33179/10.33179/BSV.99.SVI.11.CMC.21.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33179/10.33179/BSV.99.SVI.11.CMC.21.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Information warfare is a type of strategic communication realized through models of power such as soft and sharp power. Investigation provides evidence sustaining the theoretical framework and premise that the essential models of power are not just the ability, capability and intent, but also the means, method or technique of both states and non-state actors. The example of a dispute between Israel and Hamas in Gaza, from December 2017 to March 2018, shows Israel wielding soft power and Hamas wielding sharp power. This article reviews the models of power, then uses the methodology of the narrative and counter-narrative of Israel and Hamas to show their information warfare campaign. Hamas, a non-state actor, succeeded in gaining sympathy, but was unable to utilize this to further any other objectives. Winning an information battle by soft or by sharp power does not mean that the conflict is over. The conclusion shows that non-state actors, e.g. Hamas, that prioritize control over openness are deficient in soft power projection, so use sharp power to create distraction by the key attributes of expression and manipulation of mass media and public sensitivities, rather than by the attraction and persuasion (soft power) used by states, e.g. Israel. In both, all that is required is to instil a perception, even without facts, in the minds of the audience, which includes global leaders, the mass population and media outlets.","PeriodicalId":312853,"journal":{"name":"CONTEMPORARY MILITARY CHALLENGES","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129803526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-31DOI: 10.33179/10.33179/BSV.99.SVI.11.CMC.21.2.5
Esmeralda Kleinreesink
Of every 6,000 soldiers deployed, one publishes an autobiographical book about their experiences shortly after the war. Military memoirs are therefore an inescapable consequence of deployments. How should defence organizations react to these soldier-authors: should they be encouraged, discouraged, or ignored? A substantiated answer to that question is given in this article by providing a profile of all writers of military Afghanistan memoirs from seven countries (the US, the UK, Germany, Canada, Australia, Belgium and the Netherlands) and the kind of plots they write. A small majority write positive plots. The negative ones specifically deal with disillusionment about the care the defence organization or society at large provided, and experiences with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). It is interesting that it proves to be possible to predict whether a writer will write a positive or a negative plot based on the type of work they do and whether they still work for the defence organization. Military organizations interested in getting positive books published are advised to particularly encourage writing by individually deployed personnel who work in combat support positions and are on active service.
{"title":"MILITARY AUTOBIOGRAPHIES:\u0000ENCOURAGE, DISCOURAGE OR IGNORE?","authors":"Esmeralda Kleinreesink","doi":"10.33179/10.33179/BSV.99.SVI.11.CMC.21.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33179/10.33179/BSV.99.SVI.11.CMC.21.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Of every 6,000 soldiers deployed, one publishes an autobiographical book about their experiences shortly after the war. Military memoirs are therefore an inescapable consequence of deployments. How should defence organizations react to these soldier-authors: should they be encouraged, discouraged, or ignored? A substantiated answer to that question is given in this article by providing a profile of all writers of military Afghanistan memoirs from seven countries (the US, the UK, Germany, Canada, Australia, Belgium and the Netherlands) and the kind of plots they write. A small majority write positive plots. The negative ones specifically deal with disillusionment about the care the defence organization or society at large provided, and experiences with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). It is interesting that it proves to be possible to predict whether a writer will write a positive or a negative plot based on the type of work they do and whether they still work for the defence organization. Military organizations interested in getting positive books published are advised to particularly encourage writing by individually deployed personnel who work in combat support positions and are on active service.","PeriodicalId":312853,"journal":{"name":"CONTEMPORARY MILITARY CHALLENGES","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122513936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-31DOI: 10.33179/10.33179/BSV.99.SVI.11.CMC.21.2.1
Iris Znidaric
This article is based on a terminological approach to the dilemma of how to differentiate between the phrases strategic communications and strategic communication, and whether it is necessary. On the basis of different contexts, it approaches the subject from a linguistic and terminological point of view, defining some basic terminological terms to assist the reader in understanding the analysis which follows. With this terminological approach it aims to establish whether, in practice, the two phrases function as synonyms or as two different concepts, and whether a clear-cut line can be established.
{"title":"STRATEGIC COMMUNICATION(S) - WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE?","authors":"Iris Znidaric","doi":"10.33179/10.33179/BSV.99.SVI.11.CMC.21.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33179/10.33179/BSV.99.SVI.11.CMC.21.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"This article is based on a terminological approach to the dilemma of how to differentiate between the phrases strategic communications and strategic communication, and whether it is necessary. On the basis of different contexts, it approaches the subject from a linguistic and terminological point of view, defining some basic terminological terms to assist the reader in understanding the analysis which follows. With this terminological approach it aims to establish whether, in practice, the two phrases function as synonyms or as two different concepts, and whether a clear-cut line can be established.","PeriodicalId":312853,"journal":{"name":"CONTEMPORARY MILITARY CHALLENGES","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123758368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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