S. Onwukwe, Nkemakolam Chinedu Izuwa, E. E. Ileaboya, K. K. Ihekoronye
Reviewing of some Niger Delta oil field reservoirs indicate that most of them are brown fields, thereby vulnerable to challenges such as; coning due to reduced size of the oil column, low oil production and lack of access to the residual oil trapped between existing wells of the brown field. Due to coning occurrences in the Niger-Delta brown oil field, most wells have been shut-in and a lot of recompletions are being made in order to combat this problem. To proffer solutions to these technical challenges of these brown oil fields, this study seeks to review the potentials of re-entry horizontal well technology and its viable application to optimizing oil production from brown oil field. Re-entry horizontal well Technology involves a method of converting an existing vertical well into an horizontal well to save cost as oppose to drilling a fresh horizontal well from the surface. The object of the re-entry well is to reduced cost, especially in areas where drilling costs are very high. The re-entry horizontal in this research was represented by a virtual horizontal well to study the potentials of producing brown fields. The simulation paradigm studied was Black oil with light oil type variation of 32 O API. This article is therefore aimed at suggesting the conversion of existing vertical wells in the Niger-Delta into re-entry horizontal wells as a measure to optimize oil productionof these brown oil fields.
对尼日尔三角洲一些油田储层的回顾表明，这些油田大多为棕色油田，因此容易受到以下挑战:由于油柱尺寸减小、产油量低以及无法开采棕地现有油井之间的剩余油，导致了锥形。由于尼日尔三角洲棕色油田即将发生事故，大多数井已经关闭，为了解决这个问题，正在进行大量的重新完井。为了解决这些棕色油田的技术挑战，本研究旨在回顾再入水平井技术的潜力及其在优化棕色油田产量方面的可行性应用。再入水平井技术是一种将现有的直井转换为水平井的方法，与从地面钻一口新的水平井相比，可以节省成本。再入井的目的是降低成本，特别是在钻井成本非常高的地区。为了研究棕田的生产潜力，本研究采用虚拟水平井来表示再入水平井。研究的模拟范式为32 O API的黑色油与轻质油类型变化。因此，本文旨在建议将尼日尔三角洲现有的直井改造成再入水平井，作为优化这些棕色油田产量的措施。
{"title":"Optimizing Production in Brown Fields Using Re-Entry Horizontal Wells","authors":"S. Onwukwe, Nkemakolam Chinedu Izuwa, E. E. Ileaboya, K. K. Ihekoronye","doi":"10.3968/11299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3968/11299","url":null,"abstract":"Reviewing of some Niger Delta oil field reservoirs indicate that most of them are brown fields, thereby vulnerable to challenges such as; coning due to reduced size of the oil column, low oil production and lack of access to the residual oil trapped between existing wells of the brown field. Due to coning occurrences in the Niger-Delta brown oil field, most wells have been shut-in and a lot of recompletions are being made in order to combat this problem. To proffer solutions to these technical challenges of these brown oil fields, this study seeks to review the potentials of re-entry horizontal well technology and its viable application to optimizing oil production from brown oil field. Re-entry horizontal well Technology involves a method of converting an existing vertical well into an horizontal well to save cost as oppose to drilling a fresh horizontal well from the surface. The object of the re-entry well is to reduced cost, especially in areas where drilling costs are very high. The re-entry horizontal in this research was represented by a virtual horizontal well to study the potentials of producing brown fields. The simulation paradigm studied was Black oil with light oil type variation of 32 O API. This article is therefore aimed at suggesting the conversion of existing vertical wells in the Niger-Delta into re-entry horizontal wells as a measure to optimize oil productionof these brown oil fields.","PeriodicalId":313367,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Petroleum Exploration and Development","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124374003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Ekwueme, U. Obibuike, C. D. Mbakaogu, K. K. Ihekoronye
The leak of pipelines causes’ product loss which result to environmental damages. This can be minimized through careful pipeline supervision, early detection and location followed by quick responses to the incidence. The Niger delta region ushers an avenue where pipelines are regularly vandalized. These have led to severe environmental degradation as well as huge financial loss for the country. In this work, a mathematical model was developed for leak detection in pipelines. The result of the mathematical model showed good potential for leak detection in pipelines especially when used with alarm generator for better output. The developed model was validated with pipeline data from the Niger Delta region. The research study will be useful in identifying leaks in pipelines as well as reduction in pipeline vandalism.
{"title":"Development of a New Model for Leak Detection in Pipelines","authors":"S. Ekwueme, U. Obibuike, C. D. Mbakaogu, K. K. Ihekoronye","doi":"10.3968/11206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3968/11206","url":null,"abstract":"The leak of pipelines causes’ product loss which result to environmental damages. This can be minimized through careful pipeline supervision, early detection and location followed by quick responses to the incidence. The Niger delta region ushers an avenue where pipelines are regularly vandalized. These have led to severe environmental degradation as well as huge financial loss for the country. In this work, a mathematical model was developed for leak detection in pipelines. The result of the mathematical model showed good potential for leak detection in pipelines especially when used with alarm generator for better output. The developed model was validated with pipeline data from the Niger Delta region. The research study will be useful in identifying leaks in pipelines as well as reduction in pipeline vandalism.","PeriodicalId":313367,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Petroleum Exploration and Development","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126480336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In view of the serious membrane pollution and short stable operation period of the existing heavy oil wastewater treatment process in a combined station of an oil field, the organic pollution is determined to be the main cause of the membrane pollution on the basis of the analysis of the wastewater quality and membrane pollutants. In view of the characteristic pollutants in heavy oil wastewater, the efficient degrading bacteria were screened by restrictive culture technology, and the strains were identified as Pseudomonas and Bacillus. The effects of environmental conditions on the growth of bacteria and the degradation of heavy oil by bacteria were investigated. In the existing process, biological treatment unit was added, simulation process was established, and long-term operation experiment was carried out. The results show that after biological treatment, the oil content of wastewater is less than 1 mg/L, COD is less than 100 mg/L, suspended matter is less than 1 mg/L, and the median particle size is 0.92 um, which is better than the first kind of water injection index (SY/T 5329-2012). Biological treatment effectively degraded organic pollutants in heavy oil wastewater and delayed membrane fouling. The loss rate of membrane flux was less than 15%. The microscopic morphology of membrane surface also showed that membrane fouling was effectively suppressed.
{"title":"Analysis of Wastewater Membrane Pollutants in Joint Station and Research on Biological Control Technology","authors":"Zhijian Wang, Yongqiang Pan, Dandan Yu, Chao Chen, Naifeng Zhang","doi":"10.3968/11135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3968/11135","url":null,"abstract":"In view of the serious membrane pollution and short stable operation period of the existing heavy oil wastewater treatment process in a combined station of an oil field, the organic pollution is determined to be the main cause of the membrane pollution on the basis of the analysis of the wastewater quality and membrane pollutants. In view of the characteristic pollutants in heavy oil wastewater, the efficient degrading bacteria were screened by restrictive culture technology, and the strains were identified as Pseudomonas and Bacillus. The effects of environmental conditions on the growth of bacteria and the degradation of heavy oil by bacteria were investigated. In the existing process, biological treatment unit was added, simulation process was established, and long-term operation experiment was carried out. The results show that after biological treatment, the oil content of wastewater is less than 1 mg/L, COD is less than 100 mg/L, suspended matter is less than 1 mg/L, and the median particle size is 0.92 um, which is better than the first kind of water injection index (SY/T 5329-2012). Biological treatment effectively degraded organic pollutants in heavy oil wastewater and delayed membrane fouling. The loss rate of membrane flux was less than 15%. The microscopic morphology of membrane surface also showed that membrane fouling was effectively suppressed.","PeriodicalId":313367,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Petroleum Exploration and Development","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114877663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The work elements of PDC drill bits are cylindrical polycrystalline diamond composite sheet and the cutting teeth of such shape can only cut the rock with the caster angle rake. In the process of drilling hard rocks, due to the large shear resistance and discontinuous cutting and rock breaking process, the rotation torque and torque ripple of drill bits are relatively large, resulting in low rock breaking efficiency and serious impact damage of composite sheet (Wilmot, 1998). In order to improve the ability of PDC drill bits to drill hard rock, a kind of cone PDC tooth is designed, which can plough and cut rocks with top rake, with low rock breaking resistance. It can reduce the rotation torque and torque ripple of drill bits, and improve the rock breaking efficiency and impact resistance of PDC drill bits.
{"title":"Development of the New Type Conical Teeth of PDC Drill Bit","authors":"Lei Zhang","doi":"10.3968/11131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3968/11131","url":null,"abstract":"The work elements of PDC drill bits are cylindrical polycrystalline diamond composite sheet and the cutting teeth of such shape can only cut the rock with the caster angle rake. In the process of drilling hard rocks, due to the large shear resistance and discontinuous cutting and rock breaking process, the rotation torque and torque ripple of drill bits are relatively large, resulting in low rock breaking efficiency and serious impact damage of composite sheet (Wilmot, 1998). In order to improve the ability of PDC drill bits to drill hard rock, a kind of cone PDC tooth is designed, which can plough and cut rocks with top rake, with low rock breaking resistance. It can reduce the rotation torque and torque ripple of drill bits, and improve the rock breaking efficiency and impact resistance of PDC drill bits.","PeriodicalId":313367,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Petroleum Exploration and Development","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116436700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
After many years’ development of oil reservoir in Shengli, tons of oil have been drilled out of reservoir and the condition of underground has been changed a lot. Nowadays, the quantity of oil production has been reduced rapidly, therefore, there is a new solution for old reservoir, to redevelop this reservoir with appropriate adjustment in drilling design and method. There are two main changes in this new solution, first one is to reduce the cost of wells in Yi 184 block. The second factor is optimizing parameters of the drilling design, such as casing program, drilling fluid system, drilling fluid material and etc. This paper is going to describe a solution for difficult-to-produce reservoir of Yi 184 block in Bonan oil field. It will be divided into 3 parts. The first part is introduction which is about the characteristics of formations and drilling difficulties in Yi 184 block. Second part is going to present the optimization of drilling design. Optimization of well construction and drilling fluid will be present in this part. The last part of this paper is a conclusion of the optimization program.
{"title":"Optimization Program for Difficult-to-Produce Reservoir in Bonan Oil Feild","authors":"Lu Zhang","doi":"10.3968/11028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3968/11028","url":null,"abstract":"After many years’ development of oil reservoir in Shengli, tons of oil have been drilled out of reservoir and the condition of underground has been changed a lot. Nowadays, the quantity of oil production has been reduced rapidly, therefore, there is a new solution for old reservoir, to redevelop this reservoir with appropriate adjustment in drilling design and method. There are two main changes in this new solution, first one is to reduce the cost of wells in Yi 184 block. The second factor is optimizing parameters of the drilling design, such as casing program, drilling fluid system, drilling fluid material and etc. This paper is going to describe a solution for difficult-to-produce reservoir of Yi 184 block in Bonan oil field. It will be divided into 3 parts. The first part is introduction which is about the characteristics of formations and drilling difficulties in Yi 184 block. Second part is going to present the optimization of drilling design. Optimization of well construction and drilling fluid will be present in this part. The last part of this paper is a conclusion of the optimization program.","PeriodicalId":313367,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Petroleum Exploration and Development","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128716391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using fresh water with small amount of air bubbles of size as small as a pencil dot, the existing flow meter in the flow system (hydraulics) was proved using the Sierra Ultrasonic meter (Innova-SonicTM Model 210i) with measurement medium taken at ambient temperature of 30oC. The procedures for installation of the ultrasonic meter were followed and measurement taken with transducers mounted using V-method and N-method respectively, on a pipe size of 20mm. The V-method and N-method gave average flow rates of 0.02918cf/sec and 0.04402cf/sec respectively. The V-method resulted in a meter factor of 1.9610, while the N-method resulted in a meter factor of 3.2511. The V-method and N-method gave relative percentage error values of 49% and 69.2% respectively. The V-method proved to be suitable for the pipe size of 20mm used in the experiment, with standard deviation of 5.3339x10-4 and variance of 2.84505x10-7 compared to standard deviation of 6.8x10-3 and variance of 4.624x10-5 obtained from N-method. It is recommended that a meter factor of 1.9610 obtained from V-method be applied on the existing meter. The liquid flow rates at measurement medium temperatures of 50oC and 70oC were determined by the use of poly-vinyl chloride and steel pipes respectively. It was observed that fluid flow rate increased with increase in temperature, and flow rate determined with ultrasonic flowmeter depends on material type as flow through poly-vinyl chloride pipe was generally higher compared with steel pipe at the temperatures values considered.
{"title":"Uncertainty in Fluid Flow Measurement: A Case Study of Flow Measurement Comparison Through PVC and Steel Pipes at Varying Temperatures for Liquid With Small Air Bubbles","authors":"N. Uwaezuoke, S. Onwukwe, A. J. Ibegbu","doi":"10.3968/11003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3968/11003","url":null,"abstract":"Using fresh water with small amount of air bubbles of size as small as a pencil dot, the existing flow meter in the flow system (hydraulics) was proved using the Sierra Ultrasonic meter (Innova-SonicTM Model 210i) with measurement medium taken at ambient temperature of 30oC. The procedures for installation of the ultrasonic meter were followed and measurement taken with transducers mounted using V-method and N-method respectively, on a pipe size of 20mm. The V-method and N-method gave average flow rates of 0.02918cf/sec and 0.04402cf/sec respectively. The V-method resulted in a meter factor of 1.9610, while the N-method resulted in a meter factor of 3.2511. The V-method and N-method gave relative percentage error values of 49% and 69.2% respectively. The V-method proved to be suitable for the pipe size of 20mm used in the experiment, with standard deviation of 5.3339x10-4 and variance of 2.84505x10-7 compared to standard deviation of 6.8x10-3 and variance of 4.624x10-5 obtained from N-method. It is recommended that a meter factor of 1.9610 obtained from V-method be applied on the existing meter. The liquid flow rates at measurement medium temperatures of 50oC and 70oC were determined by the use of poly-vinyl chloride and steel pipes respectively. It was observed that fluid flow rate increased with increase in temperature, and flow rate determined with ultrasonic flowmeter depends on material type as flow through poly-vinyl chloride pipe was generally higher compared with steel pipe at the temperatures values considered.","PeriodicalId":313367,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Petroleum Exploration and Development","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129628850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Ekwueme, K. K. Ihekoronye, Nkemakolam Chinedu Izuwa
Gravel pack fluids for proppant transport in sand control operations have been analyzed. The two fluids considered have been Xanthan and HEC. Laboratory experiment was conducted on the two fluids to determine their capabilities as carrier fluids. 30Lbs/Mgal and 40Lbs/Mgal of both fluids were considered using Trigonox A-W70 as breaker fluid. The result shows that Xanthan withstood more of the breaker fluid than HEC in terms of sand settling and breaker time. HEC broke at lesser time than Xanthan making Xanthan more capable to hold proppant at downhole conditions while transporting to target depth. The combined analyses of the breaking time, the sand settling capability, the plastic viscosity and pH makes Xanthan more preferable as a gravel pack fluid than Xanthan. However, HEC shows more ease of release of proppant once target depth is reached. Effect of proppant release and cost of proppant supports the choice of HEC as a gravel pack fluids. For optimized operation the combined use of HEC and Xanthan is recommended at calculated depth and downhole condition.
{"title":"Analyses of Fluids Used in Gravel Pack Placement in Sand Control Operations","authors":"S. Ekwueme, K. K. Ihekoronye, Nkemakolam Chinedu Izuwa","doi":"10.3968/11004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3968/11004","url":null,"abstract":"Gravel pack fluids for proppant transport in sand control operations have been analyzed. The two fluids considered have been Xanthan and HEC. Laboratory experiment was conducted on the two fluids to determine their capabilities as carrier fluids. 30Lbs/Mgal and 40Lbs/Mgal of both fluids were considered using Trigonox A-W70 as breaker fluid. The result shows that Xanthan withstood more of the breaker fluid than HEC in terms of sand settling and breaker time. HEC broke at lesser time than Xanthan making Xanthan more capable to hold proppant at downhole conditions while transporting to target depth. The combined analyses of the breaking time, the sand settling capability, the plastic viscosity and pH makes Xanthan more preferable as a gravel pack fluid than Xanthan. However, HEC shows more ease of release of proppant once target depth is reached. Effect of proppant release and cost of proppant supports the choice of HEC as a gravel pack fluids. For optimized operation the combined use of HEC and Xanthan is recommended at calculated depth and downhole condition.","PeriodicalId":313367,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Petroleum Exploration and Development","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132410830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. K. Ihekoronye, Nkemakolam Chinedu Izuwa, B. Obah
Low salinity waterflooding is considered one of the most promising and cost–effective methods in oil recovery as a result of wettability change from oil-wet to water-wet. This work considered reducing the residual oil saturation by injection of low salt concentration in order to improve oil recovery. The objective of the study is to reduce the residual oil saturation. In this study, Simulation has been carried out on a synthetic model by using (ECLIPSE 100) as the simulator. Different Salinities of 500ppm,1000ppm, 1500ppm, 2000ppm, 5000ppm, 7000ppm, 10000ppm,30000ppm and 40000ppm were evaluated. Low salinity water was injected at the first year of production and continues to the end of the production life.Effect of salinity on oil recovery was also evaluated. The results obtained showed that low salinity waterflooding improved oil recovery at different salinity as compared to fresh water waterflooding. In conclusion, based on the results of this work, it is possible to choose the best salinity ratio that gives the lowest residual oil saturation.
{"title":"Low Salinity Waterflooding; A Promising Prospect to Improve Oil Recovery in the Niger Delta Oil Fields","authors":"K. K. Ihekoronye, Nkemakolam Chinedu Izuwa, B. Obah","doi":"10.3968/11005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3968/11005","url":null,"abstract":"Low salinity waterflooding is considered one of the most promising and cost–effective methods in oil recovery as a result of wettability change from oil-wet to water-wet. This work considered reducing the residual oil saturation by injection of low salt concentration in order to improve oil recovery. The objective of the study is to reduce the residual oil saturation. In this study, Simulation has been carried out on a synthetic model by using (ECLIPSE 100) as the simulator. Different Salinities of 500ppm,1000ppm, 1500ppm, 2000ppm, 5000ppm, 7000ppm, 10000ppm,30000ppm and 40000ppm were evaluated. Low salinity water was injected at the first year of production and continues to the end of the production life.Effect of salinity on oil recovery was also evaluated. The results obtained showed that low salinity waterflooding improved oil recovery at different salinity as compared to fresh water waterflooding. In conclusion, based on the results of this work, it is possible to choose the best salinity ratio that gives the lowest residual oil saturation.","PeriodicalId":313367,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Petroleum Exploration and Development","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116762786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There are stranded gas reserves both on land and offshore Trinidad. Some of the fields produce associated gas which is presently being re-injected. There is need for other economic ways of capturing and transporting natural gas on a small scale especially to other small islands where there exists a Caribbean regional market for natural gas. The gas hydrate concept can be used to capture, store and transport natural gas. The objective of the analysis is to evaluate the time breakdown for the design of an integrated scheme to transport natural gas in hydrate form Trinidad to the Caribbean islands. The study will show the time for each process in the gas hydrate value chain for transportation of 5 MMscf/d of natural gas from Trinidad to Jamaica. The evaluation shows six hours for hydrate formation, 10–20 hours for transportation and 3.6 hours for dissociation.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Hydrate Workflow Process Time","authors":"J. Rajnauth","doi":"10.3968/11011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3968/11011","url":null,"abstract":"There are stranded gas reserves both on land and offshore Trinidad. Some of the fields produce associated gas which is presently being re-injected. There is need for other economic ways of capturing and transporting natural gas on a small scale especially to other small islands where there exists a Caribbean regional market for natural gas. The gas hydrate concept can be used to capture, store and transport natural gas. The objective of the analysis is to evaluate the time breakdown for the design of an integrated scheme to transport natural gas in hydrate form Trinidad to the Caribbean islands. The study will show the time for each process in the gas hydrate value chain for transportation of 5 MMscf/d of natural gas from Trinidad to Jamaica. The evaluation shows six hours for hydrate formation, 10–20 hours for transportation and 3.6 hours for dissociation.","PeriodicalId":313367,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Petroleum Exploration and Development","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125098471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The oil-based drilling fluid system has the advantages of excellent lubricating performance, strong inhibitive ability, good sidewall stability and good temperature resistance, etc., however, which also has disadvantages of polluting the environment, easy to catch fire, and higher preparation cost, etc. In the development of biodiesel drilling fluid system, we no longer use diesel or crude oil, instead, it is replaced by biodiesel. Biodiesel also has better environmental friendliness, stronger biodegradability, higher safety performance and renewable advantage (Xin, 2005) while meeting specific requirements and achieving relevant performance. Biodiesel drilling fluid is more suitable for actual drilling operations for the more fragile ecology and higher demand environment. However, the organic soil on the market is basically developed for the white oil system. Therefore, we developed organic soil suitable for biodiesel systems by combining the actual situation of organic soil in the market through the measures of comparison, optimization, modification, etc.
{"title":"Development of Organic Soil Suitable for Biodiesel-Based Drilling Fluids","authors":"Jun Yan","doi":"10.3968/10996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3968/10996","url":null,"abstract":"The oil-based drilling fluid system has the advantages of excellent lubricating performance, strong inhibitive ability, good sidewall stability and good temperature resistance, etc., however, which also has disadvantages of polluting the environment, easy to catch fire, and higher preparation cost, etc. In the development of biodiesel drilling fluid system, we no longer use diesel or crude oil, instead, it is replaced by biodiesel. Biodiesel also has better environmental friendliness, stronger biodegradability, higher safety performance and renewable advantage (Xin, 2005) while meeting specific requirements and achieving relevant performance. Biodiesel drilling fluid is more suitable for actual drilling operations for the more fragile ecology and higher demand environment. However, the organic soil on the market is basically developed for the white oil system. Therefore, we developed organic soil suitable for biodiesel systems by combining the actual situation of organic soil in the market through the measures of comparison, optimization, modification, etc.","PeriodicalId":313367,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Petroleum Exploration and Development","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132898337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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