Pub Date : 2024-01-11DOI: 10.21928/juhd.v10n1y2024.pp22-30
Shorsh Qadir Ali, Narmen M. Ghafor
- يهدف البحث الى معرفة وتوضيح اثر سرعة دوران النقود في الطلب على النقود في العراق للمدة (1990 -2022) بالاعتماد على البيانات السنوية لمتغيرات البحث ، وقد تم تقدير انموذج قياسي لتحديد العلاقة بين متغيرات البحث باستخدام انموذج (ARDL) ، أثبت البحث ان سرعة دوران النقود لها تأثير سلبي على الطلب على النقود ، كما قدم البحث مجموعة من المقترحات من اهمها، الاخذ بنظر الاعتبار محددات الطلب على النقود ومن ضمنها سرعة دوران النقود عند صياغة السياسة النقدية ، فضلا عن ضرورة الاعتماد على نموذج الطلب على النقود من قبل متخذي السياسة النقدية عند رسم سياساتها.
{"title":"تحليل و قياس اثر سرعة دوران النقود في الطلب على النقود في العراق للمدة ( 1990- 2022 )","authors":"Shorsh Qadir Ali, Narmen M. Ghafor","doi":"10.21928/juhd.v10n1y2024.pp22-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21928/juhd.v10n1y2024.pp22-30","url":null,"abstract":"- يهدف البحث الى معرفة وتوضيح اثر سرعة دوران النقود في الطلب على النقود في العراق للمدة (1990 -2022) بالاعتماد على البيانات السنوية لمتغيرات البحث ، وقد تم تقدير انموذج قياسي لتحديد العلاقة بين متغيرات البحث باستخدام انموذج (ARDL) ، أثبت البحث ان سرعة دوران النقود لها تأثير سلبي على الطلب على النقود ، كما قدم البحث مجموعة من المقترحات من اهمها، الاخذ بنظر الاعتبار محددات الطلب على النقود ومن ضمنها سرعة دوران النقود عند صياغة السياسة النقدية ، فضلا عن ضرورة الاعتماد على نموذج الطلب على النقود من قبل متخذي السياسة النقدية عند رسم سياساتها.","PeriodicalId":313826,"journal":{"name":"Journal of University of Human Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139626544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-09DOI: 10.21928/juhd.v10n1y2024.pp10-21
D. A. Saeed, Salh Tofiq Hama Reshed
يتعلق هذا البحث بموضوع تشكيل هيئة النزاهة ومدى مراعاة مبادىء الحوكمة فيه، إذ تعد هذه الهيئة من الهيئات الرقابية الحديثة في إقليم كوردستان أٌستُحدِثت بموجب قانون هيئة النزاهة لإقليم كوردستان – العراق رقم 3 لسنة2011، وهو من الموضوعات المهمة والجديرة بالدراسة نظراً لأهميته العلمية والعملية، وتتمثل أهميته العلمية في عدم وجود دراسة أكاديمية مستقلة حول موضوع بحثنا في إقليم كوردستان، مما نتج عنه جهل بعض من الأفراد وحتى بعض رجال القانون والإدارة بأهمية هذا النظام، اما أهميته العملية تتمثل في دور هذه الهيئة في الوقاية من الفساد ومكافحته، حيث تقوم الهيئة بالمحافظة على الوظيفة العامة من الإتجار بها أو استغلالها أو اساءة استعمالها، وعلى المال العام من إهدارها. وللإحاطة بموضوع البحث بشكل واف فقد إتبعنا المنهج الوصفي التحليلي بعرض الموضوع بدءاً بتعريف الحوكمة ومبادئها وتعريف هيئة النزاهة وأساسها القانوني وكيفية تشكيلها والشروط التي يجب ان تتوفر في المرشحين لمناصب الهيئة، وكذلك تشكيلاتها الإدارية, مروراً بتحليل هذه الأساسيات وفقاً للنصوص الدستورية والقانونية المتعلقة بها، بهدف إعطاء صورة واضحة عنها، وتقييم مدى مراعاة أساسيات مبادىء الحوكمة فيها، إذ ان إعتماد هذا النظام في تشكيل هيئة النزاهة يضمن إستقلالية الهيئة، ويزيد من كفاءة أداء وفاعلية دورها, مع تحديد أوجه الضعف والخلل في النصوص القانونية ذات الصلة وإقتراح المعالجة المناسبة لتقويمها, وقد إنهينا هذا البحث بالتوصل إلى مجموعة من الإستنتاجات وتقديم أهم التوصيات بهدف أن يستفيد منها الجهات المعنية.
{"title":"مدى مراعاة مبادىء الحوكمة في تشكيلات هيئة النزاهة في إقليم كوردستان - العراق","authors":"D. A. Saeed, Salh Tofiq Hama Reshed","doi":"10.21928/juhd.v10n1y2024.pp10-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21928/juhd.v10n1y2024.pp10-21","url":null,"abstract":"يتعلق هذا البحث بموضوع تشكيل هيئة النزاهة ومدى مراعاة مبادىء الحوكمة فيه، إذ تعد هذه الهيئة من الهيئات الرقابية الحديثة في إقليم كوردستان أٌستُحدِثت بموجب قانون هيئة النزاهة لإقليم كوردستان – العراق رقم 3 لسنة2011، وهو من الموضوعات المهمة والجديرة بالدراسة نظراً لأهميته العلمية والعملية، وتتمثل أهميته العلمية في عدم وجود دراسة أكاديمية مستقلة حول موضوع بحثنا في إقليم كوردستان، مما نتج عنه جهل بعض من الأفراد وحتى بعض رجال القانون والإدارة بأهمية هذا النظام، اما أهميته العملية تتمثل في دور هذه الهيئة في الوقاية من الفساد ومكافحته، حيث تقوم الهيئة بالمحافظة على الوظيفة العامة من الإتجار بها أو استغلالها أو اساءة استعمالها، وعلى المال العام من إهدارها.\u0000 وللإحاطة بموضوع البحث بشكل واف فقد إتبعنا المنهج الوصفي التحليلي بعرض الموضوع بدءاً بتعريف الحوكمة ومبادئها وتعريف هيئة النزاهة وأساسها القانوني وكيفية تشكيلها والشروط التي يجب ان تتوفر في المرشحين لمناصب الهيئة، وكذلك تشكيلاتها الإدارية, مروراً بتحليل هذه الأساسيات وفقاً للنصوص الدستورية والقانونية المتعلقة بها، بهدف إعطاء صورة واضحة عنها، وتقييم مدى مراعاة أساسيات مبادىء الحوكمة فيها، إذ ان إعتماد هذا النظام في تشكيل هيئة النزاهة يضمن إستقلالية الهيئة، ويزيد من كفاءة أداء وفاعلية دورها, مع تحديد أوجه الضعف والخلل في النصوص القانونية ذات الصلة وإقتراح المعالجة المناسبة لتقويمها, وقد إنهينا هذا البحث بالتوصل إلى مجموعة من الإستنتاجات وتقديم أهم التوصيات بهدف أن يستفيد منها الجهات المعنية.","PeriodicalId":313826,"journal":{"name":"Journal of University of Human Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139628386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-07DOI: 10.21928/juhd.v10n1y2024.pp1-9
Atta A. Ahmed, Shajwan N. Fatah
The aim of this study is to determine the level of self-directed learning readiness among undergraduate students belonging to Generation Z in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The study sample was 225 undergraduate students in the English language and literature departments across three universities located in Erbil, Halabja, and Sulaymaniyah. The study used a quantitative approach using a questionnaire. The results showed that there was no significant difference between male and female students in terms of self-control and self-management. However, a slight difference emerged in terms of their desire for learning. A considerable variation was found between first- and fourth-year students in terms of their level of self-control. Furthermore, the results revealed a significant difference between the cities, with students from Erbil demonstrating a higher readiness level for self-directed learning compared to their peers in the other two cities. These findings provide valuable insights into the self-directed learning preparedness of undergraduate students in Kurdistan. They suggest the need for targeted efforts to promote self-directed learning, particularly in areas where readiness level is lower.
本研究旨在确定伊拉克库尔德斯坦地区属于 Z 世代的本科生的自主学习准备程度。研究样本为埃尔比勒、哈拉布贾和苏莱曼尼亚三所大学英语语言文学系的 225 名本科生。研究采用问卷调查的定量方法。结果显示，男女学生在自我控制和自我管理方面没有明显差异。不过，在学习欲望方面，男女生略有不同。一年级和四年级学生在自我控制水平方面存在很大差异。此外，研究结果还显示出城市之间的显著差异，与其他两个城市的学生相比，来自埃尔比勒的学生表现出更高的自主学习准备水平。这些研究结果为了解库尔德斯坦大学生的自主学习准备情况提供了宝贵的见解。它们表明，有必要采取有针对性的措施来促进自主学习，特别是在准备程度较低的地区。
{"title":"The Assessment of Self-Directed Learning Readiness Among Generation Z Kurdish EFL Undergraduates","authors":"Atta A. Ahmed, Shajwan N. Fatah","doi":"10.21928/juhd.v10n1y2024.pp1-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21928/juhd.v10n1y2024.pp1-9","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to determine the level of self-directed learning readiness among undergraduate students belonging to Generation Z in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The study sample was 225 undergraduate students in the English language and literature departments across three universities located in Erbil, Halabja, and Sulaymaniyah. The study used a quantitative approach using a questionnaire. The results showed that there was no significant difference between male and female students in terms of self-control and self-management. However, a slight difference emerged in terms of their desire for learning. A considerable variation was found between first- and fourth-year students in terms of their level of self-control. Furthermore, the results revealed a significant difference between the cities, with students from Erbil demonstrating a higher readiness level for self-directed learning compared to their peers in the other two cities. These findings provide valuable insights into the self-directed learning preparedness of undergraduate students in Kurdistan. They suggest the need for targeted efforts to promote self-directed learning, particularly in areas where readiness level is lower.","PeriodicalId":313826,"journal":{"name":"Journal of University of Human Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139448737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-05DOI: 10.21928/juhd.v9n4y2023.pp99-110
Zhulia Bahadin Hamasaeed, Barham Sattar Abdulrahman
The present study aims to investigate teaching English language to Kurdish students with special educational needs in Sulaimani city. The study focuses on the challenges that the teachers and students with special need face in teaching/learning English. Furthermore, the researchers designed two different tools to collect data: an interview for the teachers of English language and a questionnaire to be answered by the students with special needs. The data is collected from Runaki Institute and Hiwa Institute in Sulaimani city during the academic year 2022-2023. Moreover, mixed-method research is used in this study. The quantitative collected data is analyzed using SPSS, meanwhile thematic analysis is used to analyze the qualitative data. The results show that there are many challenges of teaching English to students with special needs which are relevant to curriculum, shortage of resources, lack of teaching training courses, and so on. Finally, the study presents some possible solutions to overcome the challenges facing students and teachers; the solutions are limited to designing special curriculum for English, conducting different training courses by the national and international experts, setting classes in a special way so that the students can get benefit from, and treating each student as an individual.
{"title":"Teaching English to Kurdish Students with Special Educational Needs: Challenges and Solutions","authors":"Zhulia Bahadin Hamasaeed, Barham Sattar Abdulrahman","doi":"10.21928/juhd.v9n4y2023.pp99-110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21928/juhd.v9n4y2023.pp99-110","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aims to investigate teaching English language to Kurdish students with special educational needs in Sulaimani city. The study focuses on the challenges that the teachers and students with special need face in teaching/learning English. Furthermore, the researchers designed two different tools to collect data: an interview for the teachers of English language and a questionnaire to be answered by the students with special needs. The data is collected from Runaki Institute and Hiwa Institute in Sulaimani city during the academic year 2022-2023. Moreover, mixed-method research is used in this study. The quantitative collected data is analyzed using SPSS, meanwhile thematic analysis is used to analyze the qualitative data. The results show that there are many challenges of teaching English to students with special needs which are relevant to curriculum, shortage of resources, lack of teaching training courses, and so on. Finally, the study presents some possible solutions to overcome the challenges facing students and teachers; the solutions are limited to designing special curriculum for English, conducting different training courses by the national and international experts, setting classes in a special way so that the students can get benefit from, and treating each student as an individual.","PeriodicalId":313826,"journal":{"name":"Journal of University of Human Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135724882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.21928/juhd.v9n4y2023.pp89-98
Zhala Jawhar Hawez
-- إنّ الأدب بوجه عام يعكس واقع الأمم في كل زمان ومكان ، ولاسيما أدب الرحلة الذي يجعل صاحبه يتنقل هنا وهناك ليشاهد واقع الشعوب ، ويسجل ملاحظاته وتجاربه ، وبهذا أصبح أدب الرحلة سجلاً حافلاً بأحداث العصر ، وشاهداً عليه ، وترجع قيمة الرحلة إلى ما تحتويه من معلومات ممزوجة بثقافة كاتبها ؛ لذلك عني العرب بها قديماً وحديثاً ، وأصبحت أرضاً خصبة لكثير من الأبحاث والدراسات ، واقتناعاً بأهمية أدب الرحلة اخترنا موضوع (رحلة ابن بطلان : دراسة تحليلية) ، هادفين من وراء تلك الدراسة الكشف عن أهمية أدب الرحلة في تصويره للواقع ولشخصية صاحبنا (ابن بطلان) ، والعوامل التي دعته للقيام برحلته ، ولم يكن هذا البحث هو الأول من نوعه الذي سبق لطرق باب دراسة أدب الرحلة بل كان هناك العديد من الدراسات التي كانت مصابيح هداية أضاءت أمامنا الطريق ؛ لتكون تلك الدراسة خلفاً لما قبلها من الدراسات ، وسلفاً لما بعدها ، أما هيكل البحث : فقد وزعنا المادة العلمية للبحث على ثلاثة مباحث ، فجاء المبحث الأول ليحدثنا عن أدب الرحلة ، وترجمة (ابن بطلان) ، ثم جاء المبحث الثاني في وصف رحلة صاحبنا (ابن بطلان) ، وبيان أهميتها، والكشف عن مضمونها ، ثم جاء المبحث الثالث ليُطلعنا على الخصائص المميزة لمضمون هذه الرحلة.
{"title":"رحلة ابن بطلان دراسة موضوعية فني","authors":"Zhala Jawhar Hawez","doi":"10.21928/juhd.v9n4y2023.pp89-98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21928/juhd.v9n4y2023.pp89-98","url":null,"abstract":"-- إنّ الأدب بوجه عام يعكس واقع الأمم في كل زمان ومكان ، ولاسيما أدب الرحلة الذي يجعل صاحبه يتنقل هنا وهناك ليشاهد واقع الشعوب ، ويسجل ملاحظاته وتجاربه ، وبهذا أصبح أدب الرحلة سجلاً حافلاً بأحداث العصر ، وشاهداً عليه ، وترجع قيمة الرحلة إلى ما تحتويه من معلومات ممزوجة بثقافة كاتبها ؛ لذلك عني العرب بها قديماً وحديثاً ، وأصبحت أرضاً خصبة لكثير من الأبحاث والدراسات ، واقتناعاً بأهمية أدب الرحلة اخترنا موضوع (رحلة ابن بطلان : دراسة تحليلية) ، هادفين من وراء تلك الدراسة الكشف عن أهمية أدب الرحلة في تصويره للواقع ولشخصية صاحبنا (ابن بطلان) ، والعوامل التي دعته للقيام برحلته ، ولم يكن هذا البحث هو الأول من نوعه الذي سبق لطرق باب دراسة أدب الرحلة بل كان هناك العديد من الدراسات التي كانت مصابيح هداية أضاءت أمامنا الطريق ؛ لتكون تلك الدراسة خلفاً لما قبلها من الدراسات ، وسلفاً لما بعدها ، أما هيكل البحث : فقد وزعنا المادة العلمية للبحث على ثلاثة مباحث ، فجاء المبحث الأول ليحدثنا عن أدب الرحلة ، وترجمة (ابن بطلان) ، ثم جاء المبحث الثاني في وصف رحلة صاحبنا (ابن بطلان) ، وبيان أهميتها، والكشف عن مضمونها ، ثم جاء المبحث الثالث ليُطلعنا على الخصائص المميزة لمضمون هذه الرحلة.","PeriodicalId":313826,"journal":{"name":"Journal of University of Human Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135272878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.21928/juhd.v9n4y2023.pp45-54
Kazi Hassan Saleh, Huner Abdullah Mohammed
— Translation of culturally specific terms is considered a challenging activity. The current study explores the Kurdish translations of cultural terms found in the novel Animal farm written by George Orwell in 1945 and translated by three different translators. The study particularly attempts to identify the type of cultural terms according to Newmark’s (1988) taxonomy. In addition, the study uses Venuti's (1995) strategies of domestication and foreignization to identify the three translator’s choices, and uses Newmark's (1988) translation procedures to operationalize those two strategies. The results of the study reveal that all the five main categories of cultural terms were discovered including ecology, material culture (artefact), social culture (work and leisure), social organizations as well as gestures and habits. Material culture was the most frequent category of cultural terms found in the data. The translators employed various procedures, with cultural equivalent being the most common and deletion being the least. Furthermore, the translators' tendencies towards domestication and foreignization vary. Translator 1 demonstrates a greater inclination towards foreignization, while Translators 2 and 3 lean more towards domestication, with a notable similarity in their preferences. This study will be a contribution to the field of literary translation by offering insights concerning domestication and foreignization in translating CTs from English into Kurdish.
{"title":"Domestication and Foreignization in Translating Cultural Terms from English into Kurdish in George Orwell’s Animal Farm","authors":"Kazi Hassan Saleh, Huner Abdullah Mohammed","doi":"10.21928/juhd.v9n4y2023.pp45-54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21928/juhd.v9n4y2023.pp45-54","url":null,"abstract":"— Translation of culturally specific terms is considered a challenging activity. The current study explores the Kurdish translations of cultural terms found in the novel Animal farm written by George Orwell in 1945 and translated by three different translators. The study particularly attempts to identify the type of cultural terms according to Newmark’s (1988) taxonomy. In addition, the study uses Venuti's (1995) strategies of domestication and foreignization to identify the three translator’s choices, and uses Newmark's (1988) translation procedures to operationalize those two strategies. The results of the study reveal that all the five main categories of cultural terms were discovered including ecology, material culture (artefact), social culture (work and leisure), social organizations as well as gestures and habits. Material culture was the most frequent category of cultural terms found in the data. The translators employed various procedures, with cultural equivalent being the most common and deletion being the least. Furthermore, the translators' tendencies towards domestication and foreignization vary. Translator 1 demonstrates a greater inclination towards foreignization, while Translators 2 and 3 lean more towards domestication, with a notable similarity in their preferences. This study will be a contribution to the field of literary translation by offering insights concerning domestication and foreignization in translating CTs from English into Kurdish.","PeriodicalId":313826,"journal":{"name":"Journal of University of Human Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135059467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.21928/juhd.v9n4y2023.pp55-65
Hiwa Aziz Saeed, Hoshman Mahmod
The invasion of Iraq in 2003 by the United States and its allies, is one of the most important events of the early 21st century, that has had a major impact on Iraq, the Middle East and the relations among the great powers. Although the United States succeeded in occupying and destroying Saddam's regime, but this victory did not strengthen the US position in Iraq, rather until the withdrawal of US troops in 2011, Iraqis, despite political and military problems, strongly resisted the occupation. While the war cost the United States more than 3 trillion USD, it did not benefit economically and commercially from Iraq. On the contrary, China was one of the countries that initially opposed the war, both during and after the war, and did not join the US led coalition to invade Iraq, also considered the unilateral US decision to invade Iraq as a clear violation of international values and law. In addition, learned lessons from the occupation to renew his military and intelligence capabilities. On the other hand, it has formulated its political strategy on the basis of the new postwar gifts. On the other hand, it has increased its economic and commercial influence in Iraq, to the extent that scholars believe China is the biggest winner of the war.
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