Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.21928/juhd.v9n3y2023.pp18-21
Ali Baram Mohammed, Latef Saeed Noori Berzenji
Although slavery has ended, the African-American people remained the object of oppression, violence, and racism in the white countries, particularly America, which is the setting of the novel. Beloved, which was written in 1987 by Toni Morison, depicts the multiple sorts of oppression that black people have experienced in America by their white oppressors. On the other hand, Fanon argues that black people in white societies are reduced to mere objects and exploited endlessly, therefore, they develop identity crises and wear white masks to win the approval or equal rights and recognition of the white people. However, regardless of their efforts and endeavors, the black people cannot change white man’s perception about them and remain an alien to them. This paper aims at representing the adversities black people encounter in white societies by applying Fanon’s ideas of psychoanalysis to Toni Morrison’s novel, Beloved. The paper is a psychoanalytic study, where the reasons behind the actions of the characters are explained and analyzed. Sethe, the main character in the novel, is exploited and treated like an animal, therefore she turns into a murderer and kills her own daughter.
{"title":"“They Took My Milk”: A Psychoanalytic Study of Toni Morrison’s Beloved","authors":"Ali Baram Mohammed, Latef Saeed Noori Berzenji","doi":"10.21928/juhd.v9n3y2023.pp18-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21928/juhd.v9n3y2023.pp18-21","url":null,"abstract":"Although slavery has ended, the African-American people remained the object of oppression, violence, and racism in the white countries, particularly America, which is the setting of the novel. Beloved, which was written in 1987 by Toni Morison, depicts the multiple sorts of oppression that black people have experienced in America by their white oppressors. On the other hand, Fanon argues that black people in white societies are reduced to mere objects and exploited endlessly, therefore, they develop identity crises and wear white masks to win the approval or equal rights and recognition of the white people. However, regardless of their efforts and endeavors, the black people cannot change white man’s perception about them and remain an alien to them. This paper aims at representing the adversities black people encounter in white societies by applying Fanon’s ideas of psychoanalysis to Toni Morrison’s novel, Beloved. The paper is a psychoanalytic study, where the reasons behind the actions of the characters are explained and analyzed. Sethe, the main character in the novel, is exploited and treated like an animal, therefore she turns into a murderer and kills her own daughter.","PeriodicalId":313826,"journal":{"name":"Journal of University of Human Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131260888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.21928/juhd.v9n2y2023.pp106-123
Rebeen Abdullah Kareem, Asmaa Seerwan Yaseen
This study characterizes the descriptive and theoretical properties of scrambling in Central Kurdish. Scrambling denotes a phenomenon or a process by which constituents of a clause are displaced from their original and unmarked positions and are placed in other positions in the sentence. Following the tenets and concepts as currently assumed in work within the framework of the Minimalist Program, the study answers questions that are related to the types of constituents that may undergo scrambling in the language, the nature of the movement types and positions involved, and the semantic-discourse import of scrambled constituents. Arguments and adjuncts in Central Kurdish may undergo displacement as a result of scrambling, and the syntactic categories affected by scrambling are DP, PP, VP, and adjunct CPs. As the language displays all three of short-distance, mid-distance and long-distance scrambling, several diagnostic tests such as binding, crossover effects, and parasitic gaps were applied to find out the nature of movement for each type of scrambling. In terms of the semantic-discourse import, it was found that scrambling in Central Kurdish does not alter the compositional semantics of the sentences, but it gives rise to new discourse interpretations. five keywords or phrases in alphabetical order, separated by commas.
{"title":"A Minimalist Analysis of Scrambling in Central Kurdish","authors":"Rebeen Abdullah Kareem, Asmaa Seerwan Yaseen","doi":"10.21928/juhd.v9n2y2023.pp106-123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21928/juhd.v9n2y2023.pp106-123","url":null,"abstract":"This study characterizes the descriptive and theoretical properties of scrambling in Central Kurdish. Scrambling denotes a phenomenon or a process by which constituents of a clause are displaced from their original and unmarked positions and are placed in other positions in the sentence. Following the tenets and concepts as currently assumed in work within the framework of the Minimalist Program, the study answers questions that are related to the types of constituents that may undergo scrambling in the language, the nature of the movement types and positions involved, and the semantic-discourse import of scrambled constituents. Arguments and adjuncts in Central Kurdish may undergo displacement as a result of scrambling, and the syntactic categories affected by scrambling are DP, PP, VP, and adjunct CPs. As the language displays all three of short-distance, mid-distance and long-distance scrambling, several diagnostic tests such as binding, crossover effects, and parasitic gaps were applied to find out the nature of movement for each type of scrambling. In terms of the semantic-discourse import, it was found that scrambling in Central Kurdish does not alter the compositional semantics of the sentences, but it gives rise to new discourse interpretations. five keywords or phrases in alphabetical order, separated by commas.","PeriodicalId":313826,"journal":{"name":"Journal of University of Human Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123775436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-27DOI: 10.21928/juhd.v9n2y2023.pp96-105
A. Maher
يهدف البحث إلى التعرف على مدى تأثير مؤشرات الأداء المالي على القروض المتعثرة ، وقد شملت عينة البحث كل من المصارف الاتية : ( الاهلي العراقي ، الخليج التجاري ، بغداد ، الاستثمار العراقي ، الشرق الاوسط ، سومرالتجاري ، التجاري العراقي ) للمدة 2010 -2020 ، ولتحقيق أهداف البحث واختبار فرضياته تم بناء انموذج انحدا خطي متعدد بين المتغيرات المستقلة (صافي الربح ، معدل العائد على الموجودات، معدل العائد على حقوق الملكية) والقروض المتعثرة كمتغير تابع ، وتم استخدام أسلوب بيانات السلاسل الزمنية المقطعية (Panel Data) لدراسة العلاقة بين متغيرات البحث باستخدام برامج eviews-12. . وتوصل البحث الى عدد من الاستنتاجات اهمها وجود علاقة ارتباطية ذات دلالة احصاية بين المتغيرات المستقلة والقروض المتعثرة في المصارف عينة البحث فضلا عن وجود علاقات طويلة الاجل بين متغيرات البحث.
{"title":"اثر مؤشرات الاداء المالي على القروض المتعثرة لعينة من المصارف التجارية في العراق للمدة 2010 -2020","authors":"A. Maher","doi":"10.21928/juhd.v9n2y2023.pp96-105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21928/juhd.v9n2y2023.pp96-105","url":null,"abstract":"يهدف البحث إلى التعرف على مدى تأثير مؤشرات الأداء المالي على القروض المتعثرة ، وقد شملت عينة البحث كل من المصارف الاتية : ( الاهلي العراقي ، الخليج التجاري ، بغداد ، الاستثمار العراقي ، الشرق الاوسط ، سومرالتجاري ، التجاري العراقي ) للمدة 2010 -2020 ، ولتحقيق أهداف البحث واختبار فرضياته تم بناء انموذج انحدا خطي متعدد بين المتغيرات المستقلة (صافي الربح ، معدل العائد على الموجودات، معدل العائد على حقوق الملكية) والقروض المتعثرة كمتغير تابع ، وتم استخدام أسلوب بيانات السلاسل الزمنية المقطعية (Panel Data) لدراسة العلاقة بين متغيرات البحث باستخدام برامج eviews-12. . وتوصل البحث الى عدد من الاستنتاجات اهمها وجود علاقة ارتباطية ذات دلالة احصاية بين المتغيرات المستقلة والقروض المتعثرة في المصارف عينة البحث فضلا عن وجود علاقات طويلة الاجل بين متغيرات البحث.","PeriodicalId":313826,"journal":{"name":"Journal of University of Human Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114131812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-26DOI: 10.21928/juhd.v9n2y2023.pp82-95
Muhsin Ibrahim Ahmad
يعدّ منح الأئتمان من صلب عمل المصارف، وأن الأئتمان الممنوح الى القطاع العائلي يشكل جزء رئيسي من الأئتمان المقدم الى القطاع الخاص، لذلك فأن المحافظة على النسب المقبولة لهذا النوع من الأئتمان تضمن سلامة وإستقرار النظام المصرفي والمالي في أي بلد. يهدف البحث الى التحقق من فرضيته المبنية على كون حجم الأئتمان الممنوح الى القطاع العائلي في العراق ضئيل جداً بحيث لم يصل بعد الى الحد الذي يمكن أن يشكل خطراً على الأستقرار المالي في العراق، وذلك من خلال التعرف على حجم الأئتمان الممنوح الى القطاع العائلي في العراق خلال المدة(2015-2021)، وتحديد أثره على الأستقرار المالي من خلال المؤشرات المعتمدة في هذا المجال إستناداً الى البيانات الرسمية المتوفرة.
{"title":"أثر الأئتمان الممنوح الى القطاع العائلي على الأستقرار المالي في العراق","authors":"Muhsin Ibrahim Ahmad","doi":"10.21928/juhd.v9n2y2023.pp82-95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21928/juhd.v9n2y2023.pp82-95","url":null,"abstract":"يعدّ منح الأئتمان من صلب عمل المصارف، وأن الأئتمان الممنوح الى القطاع العائلي يشكل جزء رئيسي من الأئتمان المقدم الى القطاع الخاص، لذلك فأن المحافظة على النسب المقبولة لهذا النوع من الأئتمان تضمن سلامة وإستقرار النظام المصرفي والمالي في أي بلد. يهدف البحث الى التحقق من فرضيته المبنية على كون حجم الأئتمان الممنوح الى القطاع العائلي في العراق ضئيل جداً بحيث لم يصل بعد الى الحد الذي يمكن أن يشكل خطراً على الأستقرار المالي في العراق، وذلك من خلال التعرف على حجم الأئتمان الممنوح الى القطاع العائلي في العراق خلال المدة(2015-2021)، وتحديد أثره على الأستقرار المالي من خلال المؤشرات المعتمدة في هذا المجال إستناداً الى البيانات الرسمية المتوفرة.","PeriodicalId":313826,"journal":{"name":"Journal of University of Human Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135017400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-13DOI: 10.21928/juhd.v9n2y2023.pp37-43
Jamal Fathulla Tayeb
The Christian of Koya and Harmota are considered as one of the most important and main components of Koya city, through out history there was a strong relationship between Muslims and Christians of Koya and Harmota and there was the least problems and conflicts emerged between them. They saw each other from the eye of respect and brotherhood in a way that the religious intolerance has no effect on their relationship. They were always inseparable part of Koya's people. As a consequence, in almost all of the political events like wise the Muslims they shared in achievements and losses. Proceeding the Coup events of February 8th 1963, the Bahsists came to power, a militia force labeled as Haras Qawmi has been made out of som Arab tribes. On June 1,1963 Haras Qawmi attacked Koya and surroundings and left a lot of material and human life losses to the city. Christians of Koya were not deprived from those attacks and lootings. The village of Harmota and Christians have undergone those attacks and its people were displeased and some of them have been killed. Despite of these, all their animals and precious instruments were stolen and conqured. This research composes of an introduction and two parts. The first part is about a brief history of Christians of Koya and Harmota. The second part deals with the Christians of Koya and Harmota during the attacks of the Haras Qawmi in 1963.
{"title":"Koya Christians and their situation during the 1963 Haras Qawmi attack","authors":"Jamal Fathulla Tayeb","doi":"10.21928/juhd.v9n2y2023.pp37-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21928/juhd.v9n2y2023.pp37-43","url":null,"abstract":"The Christian of Koya and Harmota are considered as one of the most important and main components of Koya city, through out history there was a strong relationship between Muslims and Christians of Koya and Harmota and there was the least problems and conflicts emerged between them. They saw each other from the eye of respect and brotherhood in a way that the religious intolerance has no effect on their relationship. They were always inseparable part of Koya's people. As a consequence, in almost all of the political events like wise the Muslims they shared in achievements and losses. Proceeding the Coup events of February 8th 1963, the Bahsists came to power, a militia force labeled as Haras Qawmi has been made out of som Arab tribes. On June 1,1963 Haras Qawmi attacked Koya and surroundings and left a lot of material and human life losses to the city. Christians of Koya were not deprived from those attacks and lootings. The village of Harmota and Christians have undergone those attacks and its people were displeased and some of them have been killed. Despite of these, all their animals and precious instruments were stolen and conqured.\u0000This research composes of an introduction and two parts. The first part is about a brief history of Christians of Koya and Harmota. The second part deals with the Christians of Koya and Harmota during the attacks of the Haras Qawmi in 1963.","PeriodicalId":313826,"journal":{"name":"Journal of University of Human Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125085382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-12DOI: 10.21928/juhd.v9n2y2023.pp27-36
Chalak Ali Mohammed Ameen, H. Muhammad
Technology has great effects on all the fields of science, including language teaching. Flipped Classroom Model, a relatively new method of teaching with strong ties with technology, has recently gained popularity and drew the attention of many educators. Several previous studies in various fields of science, including language teaching, show the effectiveness of Flipped Classroom Model (henceforth FCM) in developing students’ achievement. The current study aims at investigating the effect of Flipped Classroom Model on Kurdish EFL university students’ reading skill. It also aims at revealing the impact of Flipped Classroom Model on developing students’ autonomy and motivation. It further aims at finding out to what extent the students are satisfied with FCM employment in their classes. The participants of the study were 60 first-year students of English Department, College of Education, Charmo University. The study took place in the second semester of the academic year 2021-2022. The students were divided into two equal groups, a control group (n. 30) and an experimental group (n. 30). The same syllabus was taught to both groups by the same teacher (researcher 1) for 15 weeks. Three methods were used to collect the required data which were pre- and post-tests, a questionnaire and an interview. The SPSS analyses of the test results revealed significant differences between the two groups’ achievements in favor of the experimental group (t= -3.306, P= .002). Moreover, the questionnaire and interview results clearly showed that the experimental group students have positive perceptions on FCM implementation in their classes. Furthermore, the questionnaire and interview results showed that Flipped FCM implementation developed the students’ autonomy and motivation to study. The study recommends utilizing FCM in teaching other skills and sub-skills such as speaking, writing and grammar.
{"title":"Investigating the Effect of Flipped Classroom Model on Kurdish EFL University Students’ Reading Skill","authors":"Chalak Ali Mohammed Ameen, H. Muhammad","doi":"10.21928/juhd.v9n2y2023.pp27-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21928/juhd.v9n2y2023.pp27-36","url":null,"abstract":"Technology has great effects on all the fields of science, including language teaching. Flipped Classroom Model, a relatively new method of teaching with strong ties with technology, has recently gained popularity and drew the attention of many educators. Several previous studies in various fields of science, including language teaching, show the effectiveness of Flipped Classroom Model (henceforth FCM) in developing students’ achievement. The current study aims at investigating the effect of Flipped Classroom Model on Kurdish EFL university students’ reading skill. It also aims at revealing the impact of Flipped Classroom Model on developing students’ autonomy and motivation. It further aims at finding out to what extent the students are satisfied with FCM employment in their classes. The participants of the study were 60 first-year students of English Department, College of Education, Charmo University. The study took place in the second semester of the academic year 2021-2022. The students were divided into two equal groups, a control group (n. 30) and an experimental group (n. 30). The same syllabus was taught to both groups by the same teacher (researcher 1) for 15 weeks. Three methods were used to collect the required data which were pre- and post-tests, a questionnaire and an interview. The SPSS analyses of the test results revealed significant differences between the two groups’ achievements in favor of the experimental group (t= -3.306, P= .002). Moreover, the questionnaire and interview results clearly showed that the experimental group students have positive perceptions on FCM implementation in their classes. Furthermore, the questionnaire and interview results showed that Flipped FCM implementation developed the students’ autonomy and motivation to study. The study recommends utilizing FCM in teaching other skills and sub-skills such as speaking, writing and grammar.","PeriodicalId":313826,"journal":{"name":"Journal of University of Human Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132117801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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