This study employs the SERVQUAL model to investigate the service quality of banks operating in Iraq comprehensively. The objective is to identify gaps between customers' expectations and perceptions of the service quality of bank service providers in Iraq. The study utilizes data collected from customers from the Iraqi banking sector. An item-level analysis and Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) were employed. The results reveal a significant level of perceived service quality among participants, indicating that customers generally experience satisfactory service from their respective banks. However, negative gap scores over dimensions suggest that there is a need for improvement. The findings of this study will contribute to the development of a better understanding of customer expectations and perceptions of service quality in the Iraqi banking sector and provide valuable insights for banks to enhance their service delivery.
{"title":"Assessment of Bank Services Excellence in Iraq: A Comprehensive Investigation Employing the SERVQUAL Model","authors":"Alawwa Ghayth, L. Molnár","doi":"10.18096/tmp.2023.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18096/tmp.2023.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"This study employs the SERVQUAL model to investigate the service quality of banks operating in Iraq comprehensively. The objective is to identify gaps between customers' expectations and perceptions of the service quality of bank service providers in Iraq. The study utilizes data collected from customers from the Iraqi banking sector. An item-level analysis and Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) were employed. The results reveal a significant level of perceived service quality among participants, indicating that customers generally experience satisfactory service from their respective banks. However, negative gap scores over dimensions suggest that there is a need for improvement. The findings of this study will contribute to the development of a better understanding of customer expectations and perceptions of service quality in the Iraqi banking sector and provide valuable insights for banks to enhance their service delivery.","PeriodicalId":31458,"journal":{"name":"Theory Methodology Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67681680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although technology is as old as humanity and technological issues can be traced in several disciplines and their development, the strategic level of managing technology is a relatively new area. The ever-accelerating changes in science, economy, and society require adaptive competencies. A company must gain gradually knowledge from systematically monitoring and developing its technology. The aim is to give an overview of the key concepts of exploiting the strategic opportunities of techno-management. There is conceptual diversity in the literature, and information and communication technology dominate recent publications; strategic techno-management deserves a general approach.
{"title":"Technology and Strategy: Towards Strategic Techno-Management","authors":"N. Deutsch, L. Berényi","doi":"10.18096/tmp.2023.01.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18096/tmp.2023.01.04","url":null,"abstract":"Although technology is as old as humanity and technological issues can be traced in several disciplines and their development, the strategic level of managing technology is a relatively new area. The ever-accelerating changes in science, economy, and society require adaptive competencies. A company must gain gradually knowledge from systematically monitoring and developing its technology. The aim is to give an overview of the key concepts of exploiting the strategic opportunities of techno-management. There is conceptual diversity in the literature, and information and communication technology dominate recent publications; strategic techno-management deserves a general approach.","PeriodicalId":31458,"journal":{"name":"Theory Methodology Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67681747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Digital solutions in marketing can help reach niche markets. Marketers have the greatest opportunity ever to address segments whose needs have not yet been met. Online segmentation techniques allow to better know their characteristics. The aim of this article is to investigate the segmentation and targeting possibilities of the Google Ads system, which helps to explore consumer patterns more deeply. Digital marketing solutions help marketers reach niche markets to maximise the effectiveness of their activities. The goal of this social constructivist research was to find an answer to the question of whether the segmentation and targeting options of the Google Ads advertising system can sufficiently ensure this. To this end, we examined the presence of the “target market category” label in 37 individuals using a face-to-face survey method. The occurrence of the labels and the actual interests often overlapped.
{"title":"Digital Solutions and Machine Learning Can Improve Niche Market Reach","authors":"Z. Somosi, Noémi Hajdú","doi":"10.18096/tmp.2023.01.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18096/tmp.2023.01.03","url":null,"abstract":"Digital solutions in marketing can help reach niche markets. Marketers have the greatest opportunity ever to address segments whose needs have not yet been met. Online segmentation techniques allow to better know their characteristics. The aim of this article is to investigate the segmentation and targeting possibilities of the Google Ads system, which helps to explore consumer patterns more deeply. Digital marketing solutions help marketers reach niche markets to maximise the effectiveness of their activities. The goal of this social constructivist research was to find an answer to the question of whether the segmentation and targeting options of the Google Ads advertising system can sufficiently ensure this. To this end, we examined the presence of the “target market category” label in 37 individuals using a face-to-face survey method. The occurrence of the labels and the actual interests often overlapped.","PeriodicalId":31458,"journal":{"name":"Theory Methodology Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67681732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
While there is extensive literature on the prediction of corporate bankruptcies, there is little literature on the classification of retail borrowers. This is also true in Hungary. Recognising who is at risk of becoming a bad debtor is not easy. There are several ways to analyse the data, which may yield different results. In this paper, my aim is to predict the default of household loans using logistic regression and neural networks. The question is, which method produces the better results?The analyses show that the neural network model produced the best and most favourable results. The accuracy of the best method was found to be 81.5%.
{"title":"Logistic Regression or Neural Network? Which Provides Better Results for Retail Loans?","authors":"K. Fodor","doi":"10.18096/tmp.2023.01.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18096/tmp.2023.01.05","url":null,"abstract":"While there is extensive literature on the prediction of corporate bankruptcies, there is little literature on the classification of retail borrowers. This is also true in Hungary. Recognising who is at risk of becoming a bad debtor is not easy. There are several ways to analyse the data, which may yield different results. In this paper, my aim is to predict the default of household loans using logistic regression and neural networks. The question is, which method produces the better results?The analyses show that the neural network model produced the best and most favourable results. The accuracy of the best method was found to be 81.5%.","PeriodicalId":31458,"journal":{"name":"Theory Methodology Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67681760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pakistan, being a developing economy, is in continuous transition to achieve its targeted developmental goals. In this regards, prime attention to the industrial sector is gaining importance. In the industrial sector, the pharmaceutical industry holds a significant role in meeting the national medicine demands and contributing to the country’s economic growth at the same time. Promoting the manufacturing sector not only requires appropriate leadership but also a pool of motivated workers who can achieve the objectives. This paper investigates the effects of transformational leadership on employees’ motivation in the pharmaceutical sector of Pakistan. Both local and multinational firms are taken into consideration. Data collected through a structured questionnaire from 503 respondents is analysed using SPSS 25. Results show that the application level of transformational leadership is higher in multinational companies as compared to the native companies. However, the impact of transformational leadership on employees’ motivation is almost the same for both local and multinational companies.
{"title":"Transformational Leadership Impact on Employee's Motivation: A Comparative Study of National and Multinational Pharmaceutical Companies in Pakistan","authors":"Fawad Khan","doi":"10.18096/tmp.2023.01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18096/tmp.2023.01.02","url":null,"abstract":"Pakistan, being a developing economy, is in continuous transition to achieve its targeted developmental goals. In this regards, prime attention to the industrial sector is gaining importance. In the industrial sector, the pharmaceutical industry holds a significant role in meeting the national medicine demands and contributing to the country’s economic growth at the same time. Promoting the manufacturing sector not only requires appropriate leadership but also a pool of motivated workers who can achieve the objectives. This paper investigates the effects of transformational leadership on employees’ motivation in the pharmaceutical sector of Pakistan. Both local and multinational firms are taken into consideration. Data collected through a structured questionnaire from 503 respondents is analysed using SPSS 25. Results show that the application level of transformational leadership is higher in multinational companies as compared to the native companies. However, the impact of transformational leadership on employees’ motivation is almost the same for both local and multinational companies.","PeriodicalId":31458,"journal":{"name":"Theory Methodology Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67681715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of the study is to examine the determinants of occupational hazards of a private shipbuilding industry in Bangladesh. The number of respondents was 190. The study venue and samples were selected purposively. Respondents were interviewed with the help of prestructured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression model have been used to identify the determinants of occupational hazards. Determinants were personal habits, personal protective equipment, residential status, overtime, health status and types of workers. It is found that personal protective equipment and health status have influence to reduce occupational hazards while personal habits and types of workers have no direct association with the occupational hazards. On the contrary, variables like overtime and residential status can increase the occupational hazards. The outcomes of the study will assist to accelerate the shipbuilding industry to expand the economic growth of the country and further research also.
{"title":"Occupational Hazards of the Shipbuilding Industry in Bangladesh","authors":"Abu Zafar Mahmudul Haq","doi":"10.18096/tmp.2022.02.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18096/tmp.2022.02.06","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the study is to examine the determinants of occupational hazards of a private shipbuilding industry in Bangladesh. The number of respondents was 190. The study venue and samples were selected purposively. Respondents were interviewed with the help of prestructured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression model have been used to identify the determinants of occupational hazards. Determinants were personal habits, personal protective equipment, residential status, overtime, health status and types of workers. It is found that personal protective equipment and health status have influence to reduce occupational hazards while personal habits and types of workers have no direct association with the occupational hazards. On the contrary, variables like overtime and residential status can increase the occupational hazards. The outcomes of the study will assist to accelerate the shipbuilding industry to expand the economic growth of the country and further research also.","PeriodicalId":31458,"journal":{"name":"Theory Methodology Practice","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67681665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this paper is to investigate decision-making in export financing services by banks in Hungary. The case studies are of one export credit agency and eight commercial banks. The data was collected through interviews and to interpret the data content analysis with an inductive approach was used. The results show that the decision-making system in export financing services in Hungary tends to be centralized and bureaucratic with a mostly participative leadership style. Effectiveness in the decision-making process is influenced by decision-related factors, human-qualification factors, and organizational contextual factors which can be amplified by certain other factors.
{"title":"Decision-making in Export Financing Services by Banks in Hungary","authors":"Rosa Alamian, Károly Balaton","doi":"10.18096/tmp.2022.02.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18096/tmp.2022.02.01","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to investigate decision-making in export financing services by banks in Hungary. The case studies are of one export credit agency and eight commercial banks. The data was collected through interviews and to interpret the data content analysis with an inductive approach was used. The results show that the decision-making system in export financing services in Hungary tends to be centralized and bureaucratic with a mostly participative leadership style. Effectiveness in the decision-making process is influenced by decision-related factors, human-qualification factors, and organizational contextual factors which can be amplified by certain other factors.","PeriodicalId":31458,"journal":{"name":"Theory Methodology Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67681954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We are now in a new era of business management, where companies have understood that the sustainability and survival of their activities is based on mastering and adapting new technologies to their strategies. The result of the integration of technological power in the management of companies gives rise to digitalization that disrupts business strategies, contributing significantly to the creation of new business models. This profoundly affected the strategic context; changing the structure of competition, business conduct, and ultimately, performance across industries. This paper is a descriptive literature review of recent works discussing the impact digitalization has had on business. In this work, firstly, a theoretical overview of digitalization and its development is presented. Afterwards, the digitalization of business as well as its impact is discussed. The result of this review is a summary of the advantages and disadvantages that digitalization brings to businesses.
{"title":"Digitalization and Its Impact on Business","authors":"D. Matoušková","doi":"10.18096/tmp.2022.02.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18096/tmp.2022.02.03","url":null,"abstract":"We are now in a new era of business management, where companies have understood that the sustainability and survival of their activities is based on mastering and adapting new technologies to their strategies. The result of the integration of technological power in the management of companies gives rise to digitalization that disrupts business strategies, contributing significantly to the creation of new business models. This profoundly affected the strategic context; changing the structure of competition, business conduct, and ultimately, performance across industries. This paper is a descriptive literature review of recent works discussing the impact digitalization has had on business. In this work, firstly, a theoretical overview of digitalization and its development is presented. Afterwards, the digitalization of business as well as its impact is discussed. The result of this review is a summary of the advantages and disadvantages that digitalization brings to businesses.","PeriodicalId":31458,"journal":{"name":"Theory Methodology Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67681606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The spread of the coronavirus pandemic has fundamentally changed all aspects of our lives, but the new situation has certainly had the greatest impact on mobility and the way we use space. The health crisis and the strict restrictive measures have had a major impact on the retail sector as well, and have changed our shopping habits. Although the epidemic threat is still not over, the accessibility to coronavirus vaccines has led to more relaxed measures in Hungary than in the past. The high vaccination rate of the population was also an important milestone for shops, as this measure allowed customers to freely visit their favourite stores. The main objective of the study is to show how store visiting habits of Hungarian shoppers have changed until the end of third pandemic wave in Hungary. Results are based on primary researches conducted independently and in collaboration with our colleagues. On the basis of these researches, we have attempted to track the main changes in shopping habits during the different waves of the coronavirus pandemic in Hungary.
{"title":"Changing in-Store Customer Behaviour in Hungary During the Covid-19 Pandemic","authors":"Tamás Sikos T., C. Kovács","doi":"10.18096/tmp.2022.01.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18096/tmp.2022.01.07","url":null,"abstract":"The spread of the coronavirus pandemic has fundamentally changed all aspects of our lives, but the new situation has certainly had the greatest impact on mobility and the way we use space. The health crisis and the strict restrictive measures have had a major impact on the retail sector as well, and have changed our shopping habits. Although the epidemic threat is still not over, the accessibility to coronavirus vaccines has led to more relaxed measures in Hungary than in the past. The high vaccination rate of the population was also an important milestone for shops, as this measure allowed customers to freely visit their favourite stores. The main objective of the study is to show how store visiting habits of Hungarian shoppers have changed until the end of third pandemic wave in Hungary. Results are based on primary researches conducted independently and in collaboration with our colleagues. On the basis of these researches, we have attempted to track the main changes in shopping habits during the different waves of the coronavirus pandemic in Hungary.","PeriodicalId":31458,"journal":{"name":"Theory Methodology Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67681838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lam Quynh Trang Tran, Dai Thich Phan, Manh Tuan Nguyen
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is an area with the rapid adoption of technology, the growth of internet and mobile phone users, region-wide digital initiatives to increase connectivity between markets, and the drastic acceleration of digitalization across practically all aspects of the economy. Currently, especially in the Covid-19 pandemic period, the digital economy is a key factor driving the growth of the region's economy. Based on the Networked Readiness Index (NRI), the study will analyze and compare the differences between ASEAN countries in terms of the digital economy. The purpose of the study is to understand the strengths and weaknesses of each country, thereby giving an overview of the potential of ASEAN countries in the period of digital economy readiness. The study results clearly show the digital economy gap and many differences in terms of the people pillar across countries. Singapore and Malaysia are among the top digital economies in the region; however, only Thailand made substantial progress from 2019–2021. Although ranked the lowest in the digital economy, Lao PDR and Cambodia have many positive improvements. Although ASEAN countries have strengths in digital technology, applying digital technology toward sustainable development is still a challenge for most countries in the region.
{"title":"Digital Economy: A Comparative Study in ASEAN","authors":"Lam Quynh Trang Tran, Dai Thich Phan, Manh Tuan Nguyen","doi":"10.18096/tmp.2022.02.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18096/tmp.2022.02.05","url":null,"abstract":"The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is an area with the rapid adoption of technology, the growth of internet and mobile phone users, region-wide digital initiatives to increase connectivity between markets, and the drastic acceleration of digitalization across practically all aspects of the economy. Currently, especially in the Covid-19 pandemic period, the digital economy is a key factor driving the growth of the region's economy. Based on the Networked Readiness Index (NRI), the study will analyze and compare the differences between ASEAN countries in terms of the digital economy. The purpose of the study is to understand the strengths and weaknesses of each country, thereby giving an overview of the potential of ASEAN countries in the period of digital economy readiness. The study results clearly show the digital economy gap and many differences in terms of the people pillar across countries. Singapore and Malaysia are among the top digital economies in the region; however, only Thailand made substantial progress from 2019–2021. Although ranked the lowest in the digital economy, Lao PDR and Cambodia have many positive improvements. Although ASEAN countries have strengths in digital technology, applying digital technology toward sustainable development is still a challenge for most countries in the region.","PeriodicalId":31458,"journal":{"name":"Theory Methodology Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67681651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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