Z. Nagy, Z. Péter, L. Molnár, Dóra Szendi, T. Szép
In today’s globalized world the socio-economic role of cities is decisive, therefore they have become one of the most important scenes where responses are given to the complex challenges facing our society. For a city to be successful and competitive, it is necessary to strengthen its flexible resistance, in other words, its resilience. For this purpose, efficient steps could be taken, benefiting from the results of digitization and Industry 4.0, by using smart applications and developments. Nowadays, smart city development and the application of smart/intelligent technologies are gaining an increasing focus in the development of a city. In our study we present the partial results of a primary quantitative research that we conducted in 2019 among the inhabitants of the City of Miskolc, in the age group of 20-64 years. With the help of a questionnaire survey, we were looking for the main focus points that should be given priority in urban smart developments according to the inhabitants’ opinion. Currently, Miskolc is at a medium level in terms of available smart cities technologies – in the inhabitants’ view. According to the opinion of the inhabitants of Miskolc it would be of outstanding importance to introduce smart solutions in the health care, education, safety and fire protection, environmental protection and air pollution.
{"title":"Miskolc as a 'Smart City' - Experiences of a Questionnaire Survey","authors":"Z. Nagy, Z. Péter, L. Molnár, Dóra Szendi, T. Szép","doi":"10.18096/TMP.2021.01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18096/TMP.2021.01.02","url":null,"abstract":"In today’s globalized world the socio-economic role of cities is decisive, therefore they have become one of the most important scenes where responses are given to the complex challenges facing our society. For a city to be successful and competitive, it is necessary to strengthen its flexible resistance, in other words, its resilience. For this purpose, efficient steps could be taken, benefiting from the results of digitization and Industry 4.0, by using smart applications and developments. Nowadays, smart city development and the application of smart/intelligent technologies are gaining an increasing focus in the development of a city. In our study we present the partial results of a primary quantitative research that we conducted in 2019 among the inhabitants of the City of Miskolc, in the age group of 20-64 years. With the help of a questionnaire survey, we were looking for the main focus points that should be given priority in urban smart developments according to the inhabitants’ opinion. Currently, Miskolc is at a medium level in terms of available smart cities technologies – in the inhabitants’ view. According to the opinion of the inhabitants of Miskolc it would be of outstanding importance to introduce smart solutions in the health care, education, safety and fire protection, environmental protection and air pollution.","PeriodicalId":31458,"journal":{"name":"Theory Methodology Practice","volume":"17 1","pages":"11-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67681342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper reviews two theories of utility. In Jevons’ theory, utility denotes an abstract quality of a commodity and value is derived from the knowledge of the utility of a commodity. Menger, however, argued that the concept of value cannot be associated with the fact that things are useful. Goods themselves are worthless unless a human assigns value to them. It is shown that utility as a measure of commodity value is a vague concept.
{"title":"Is utility a measure of commodity value? On two different approaches to the subjective theory of value","authors":"K. Appelt","doi":"10.18096/tmp.2021.02.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18096/tmp.2021.02.03","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews two theories of utility. In Jevons’ theory, utility denotes an abstract quality of a commodity and value is derived from the knowledge of the utility of a commodity. Menger, however, argued that the concept of value cannot be associated with the fact that things are useful. Goods themselves are worthless unless a human assigns value to them. It is shown that utility as a measure of commodity value is a vague concept.","PeriodicalId":31458,"journal":{"name":"Theory Methodology Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67681017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Technological and economic innovations cannot respond to all social challenges. Natural and material resources are becoming ever scarcer, so it is necessary to use investment assets, maximizing social and economic efficiency. It is a major task to address the backwardness originating from regional disparities and to create opportunities for catching up in peripheral regions. The study, based on the process-oriented model defined in our previous studies and the determination of the social innovation potential, tries to determine the relationship between social innovation potential, the spatial position of developmental image, and regional differences and population change in Borsod-Abauj-Zemplen County.
{"title":"Impact of social innovation on population change in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County","authors":"K. Varga, G. Tóth, Z. Nagy","doi":"10.18096/TMP.2021.01.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18096/TMP.2021.01.05","url":null,"abstract":"Technological and economic innovations cannot respond to all social challenges. Natural and material resources are becoming ever scarcer, so it is necessary to use investment assets, maximizing social and economic efficiency. It is a major task to address the backwardness originating from regional disparities and to create opportunities for catching up in peripheral regions. The study, based on the process-oriented model defined in our previous studies and the determination of the social innovation potential, tries to determine the relationship between social innovation potential, the spatial position of developmental image, and regional differences and population change in Borsod-Abauj-Zemplen County.","PeriodicalId":31458,"journal":{"name":"Theory Methodology Practice","volume":"17 1","pages":"41-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67681402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the goals of smart cities is for their residents to live as comfortably as possible, at the highest possible standard of living, and for this, the existence of smart homes is essential. However, smart homes have so far not received much attention in smart city concepts, especially in Hungary. This study discusses definitions of smart cities and smart homes and asks how smart homes can contribute to increasing the performance of smart cities. I created a simplified model based on my search of the literature, which I supplemented with two new factors, which are emphasize the importance of people and education / communication.
{"title":"Examining the Contribution of Smart Homes to the Smart Performance of Cities","authors":"Dániel Orosz","doi":"10.18096/TMP.2021.01.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18096/TMP.2021.01.03","url":null,"abstract":"One of the goals of smart cities is for their residents to live as comfortably as possible, at the highest possible standard of living, and for this, the existence of smart homes is essential. However, smart homes have so far not received much attention in smart city concepts, especially in Hungary. This study discusses definitions of smart cities and smart homes and asks how smart homes can contribute to increasing the performance of smart cities. I created a simplified model based on my search of the literature, which I supplemented with two new factors, which are emphasize the importance of people and education / communication.","PeriodicalId":31458,"journal":{"name":"Theory Methodology Practice","volume":"17 1","pages":"23-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67681385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The national and international literature pays increasing attention to the research of social innovation and its impacts. Among the areas to be examined, we deal with the issues of measurability within the framework of the study. The conceptualization of social innovation, the determination of the logic of the social innovation process and the definiton of its measurement levels, and modeling based on empirical research are relevant challenges. However, the different sources dealing with the topic examine these issues in a different approach. The purpose of the study is to investigate the social innovation endeavours of a district to be developed by a complex program. Nyirbator District includes disadvantaged settlements that are facing numerous problems due to their peripheral position. The challenges of the area (migration, ageing, unemployment and scarce financial resources) mean doubly disadvantageous stigmatization for these settlements. On the one hand, they mean an external negative judgment, and on the other hand, an internal stigmatization processes of local inhabitants, which require the exact identification of local needs and the involvement of the inhabitants in decisions. One of the tools of such initiatives can be social innovation, and also the support of social innovation endeavours. Within the framework of the research, we examine social innovation as a process of creative cooperation, during which we pay special attention to the analysis of social initiatives supported by local governments. The social innovation endeavours presented in the framework of the study are multi-stakeholder initiatives based on the involvement of the local population.. Their good practice analysis makes it possible to map the process of social innovation. The purpose of this study is to present the points of focus that serve as potential activating factors for the endeavours in the case of Nyirbator District. The examined cases play a significant role in managing the unfavourable processes of the area, and their adaptation as best practices can support the process of catching up. The study also defines the main sets of criteria which, in addition to providing a structured record of individual case studies, help to compare good practices.
{"title":"Microregional convergence through social innovation","authors":"M. V. Somosi, K. Varga","doi":"10.18096/TMP.2021.01.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18096/TMP.2021.01.06","url":null,"abstract":"The national and international literature pays increasing attention to the research of social innovation and its impacts. Among the areas to be examined, we deal with the issues of measurability within the framework of the study. The conceptualization of social innovation, the determination of the logic of the social innovation process and the definiton of its measurement levels, and modeling based on empirical research are relevant challenges. However, the different sources dealing with the topic examine these issues in a different approach. The purpose of the study is to investigate the social innovation endeavours of a district to be developed by a complex program. Nyirbator District includes disadvantaged settlements that are facing numerous problems due to their peripheral position. The challenges of the area (migration, ageing, unemployment and scarce financial resources) mean doubly disadvantageous stigmatization for these settlements. On the one hand, they mean an external negative judgment, and on the other hand, an internal stigmatization processes of local inhabitants, which require the exact identification of local needs and the involvement of the inhabitants in decisions. One of the tools of such initiatives can be social innovation, and also the support of social innovation endeavours. Within the framework of the research, we examine social innovation as a process of creative cooperation, during which we pay special attention to the analysis of social initiatives supported by local governments. The social innovation endeavours presented in the framework of the study are multi-stakeholder initiatives based on the involvement of the local population.. Their good practice analysis makes it possible to map the process of social innovation. The purpose of this study is to present the points of focus that serve as potential activating factors for the endeavours in the case of Nyirbator District. The examined cases play a significant role in managing the unfavourable processes of the area, and their adaptation as best practices can support the process of catching up. The study also defines the main sets of criteria which, in addition to providing a structured record of individual case studies, help to compare good practices.","PeriodicalId":31458,"journal":{"name":"Theory Methodology Practice","volume":"17 1","pages":"49-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67681410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study defines a process-oriented framework for measuring social innovation. The paper presents a practical example of measuring social innovation potential. We introduce the indicator groups used and their contents. Through a map interpretation we demonstrate the spatial representation of the input, output, impact and complex indicators. The objective of this approach is to draw attention to the settlements/groups of settlements where the socio-economic bases of social innovations can best be found in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County.
{"title":"Examination of Social Innovation Potential Characteristics in the Example of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County","authors":"Z. Nagy, G. Tóth, K. Varga","doi":"10.18096/tmp.2020.01.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18096/tmp.2020.01.07","url":null,"abstract":"This study defines a process-oriented framework for measuring social innovation. The paper presents a practical example of measuring social innovation potential. We introduce the indicator groups used and their contents. Through a map interpretation we demonstrate the spatial representation of the input, output, impact and complex indicators. The objective of this approach is to draw attention to the settlements/groups of settlements where the socio-economic bases of social innovations can best be found in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County.","PeriodicalId":31458,"journal":{"name":"Theory Methodology Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67680676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Why do we help strangers on the Internet? Sharing our experience, knowledge, or information does not involve a large investment of energy, yet users often expect to be rewarded for sharing their personal resources. Economics and other disciplines call this type of exchange reciprocal altruism. The present research introduces different types of altruism and then deals with reciprocal altruism. It describes how this form of selflessness can appear in social media. The aim of the research is to create an overview of Hungarian and international research, which is the first step of a long-term, comprehensive research project.
{"title":"How Did Reciprocity Evolve in Online Communication? Turnout of Reciprocal Altruism","authors":"Cyntia Valociková, J. Velencei","doi":"10.18096/tmp.2020.02.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18096/tmp.2020.02.11","url":null,"abstract":"Why do we help strangers on the Internet? Sharing our experience, knowledge, or information does not involve a large investment of energy, yet users often expect to be rewarded for sharing their personal resources. Economics and other disciplines call this type of exchange reciprocal altruism. The present research introduces different types of altruism and then deals with reciprocal altruism. It describes how this form of selflessness can appear in social media. The aim of the research is to create an overview of Hungarian and international research, which is the first step of a long-term, comprehensive research project.","PeriodicalId":31458,"journal":{"name":"Theory Methodology Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67681286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper examines Hungarian social innovations in the field of poverty. Besides describing their main features, it examines empirical linkages between the rate of social innovations and economic growth. It uses the database of the SozialMarie prize and its methodology includes graphs and Pearson’s correlation. It concludes that the main target groups of the projects coincide with the groups most exposed to poverty. It also finds that economic growth and the rate of social innovations are not significantly related. This implies that more social activism would be needed to alleviate poverty in the less developed regions.
{"title":"Novel Solutions in Poverty Alleviation in Hungary, with Special Regard to Regional Differences","authors":"Eszter Siposné Nándori","doi":"10.18096/tmp.2020.01.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18096/tmp.2020.01.05","url":null,"abstract":"The paper examines Hungarian social innovations in the field of poverty. Besides describing their main features, it examines empirical linkages between the rate of social innovations and economic growth. It uses the database of the SozialMarie prize and its methodology includes graphs and Pearson’s correlation. It concludes that the main target groups of the projects coincide with the groups most exposed to poverty. It also finds that economic growth and the rate of social innovations are not significantly related. This implies that more social activism would be needed to alleviate poverty in the less developed regions.","PeriodicalId":31458,"journal":{"name":"Theory Methodology Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67680622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper analyses the strong-form efficiency of the capital market in Jordan by evaluating the performance of mutual funds over the period from 2011 to 2016, and compare it with the situation in Saudi Arabia using the Jensen modelling techniques. These tests were applied on monthly data. Results from the study show that there is no evidence of the strong-form of efficiency in either the Amman Stock Exchange or in the Saudi Arabia capital market. Therefore, investors in the Amman Stock Exchange and Saudi Arabia capital market cannot predict stocks prices or returns in the short term; with regard to firms, it suggests that the securities of firms cannot outperform the market and present market price is to a certain extent a true reflection of the present situation of their securities, in addition there is lack number availability of the mutual funds in Jordan.
{"title":"Testing Strong Form Market Efficiency of Jordanian Capital Market: Performance Appraisal of Mutual Funds a comparable study case with Saudi Arabia","authors":"Mazen Bustanji","doi":"10.18096/tmp.2020.02.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18096/tmp.2020.02.01","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses the strong-form efficiency of the capital market in Jordan by evaluating the performance of mutual funds over the period from 2011 to 2016, and compare it with the situation in Saudi Arabia using the Jensen modelling techniques. These tests were applied on monthly data. Results from the study show that there is no evidence of the strong-form of efficiency in either the Amman Stock Exchange or in the Saudi Arabia capital market. Therefore, investors in the Amman Stock Exchange and Saudi Arabia capital market cannot predict stocks prices or returns in the short term; with regard to firms, it suggests that the securities of firms cannot outperform the market and present market price is to a certain extent a true reflection of the present situation of their securities, in addition there is lack number availability of the mutual funds in Jordan.","PeriodicalId":31458,"journal":{"name":"Theory Methodology Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67680693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the globalization age, global competitiveness is gaining attention from policymakers and scholars. This paper focuses on a measurement of trade competitiveness based upon the expansion of market size. Fiscal policy has become a subject of debate since the global crisis of 2008. This paper attempts to examine the influence of government spending (i.e., government investment and consumption) on trade competitiveness. The Autoregressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) approach is used to estimate the dynamic relationship. The result, based on Cambodia's annual data from 1970 to 2015, shows that Cambodia’s trade competitiveness increases when there is a rise in public investment, government purchases, or aggregate private spending. This study shapes an alternative perception of the effectiveness of fiscal policy as domestic expenditure in enhancing international macroeconomic activities.
{"title":"Competitiveness and government spending in Cambodia: An autoregressive distributed lag approach","authors":"Leanghak Hok","doi":"10.18096/tmp.2020.02.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18096/tmp.2020.02.03","url":null,"abstract":"In the globalization age, global competitiveness is gaining attention from policymakers and scholars. This paper focuses on a measurement of trade competitiveness based upon the expansion of market size. Fiscal policy has become a subject of debate since the global crisis of 2008. This paper attempts to examine the influence of government spending (i.e., government investment and consumption) on trade competitiveness. The Autoregressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) approach is used to estimate the dynamic relationship. The result, based on Cambodia's annual data from 1970 to 2015, shows that Cambodia’s trade competitiveness increases when there is a rise in public investment, government purchases, or aggregate private spending. This study shapes an alternative perception of the effectiveness of fiscal policy as domestic expenditure in enhancing international macroeconomic activities.","PeriodicalId":31458,"journal":{"name":"Theory Methodology Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67681095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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