This paper examines the economic content of the positive net present value of a project type that is loss-making and has two internal rates of return. The most important finding is that the economic content of a positive net present value is false in such cases. The financial source of the missing amount to reach the level of business efficiency is a false interest income generated by the method. In such cases, the two internal rates of return are also derived from false interest income. The revealed and mathematically proved causality relationships usually prevail in some form in the case of other types of non-conventional cash flows as well.
{"title":"The Positive Net Present Value of Loss-making Projects: Economic Content of the Two Internal Rates of Return","authors":"Mária Illés","doi":"10.18096/tmp.2020.02.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18096/tmp.2020.02.04","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the economic content of the positive net present value of a project type that is loss-making and has two internal rates of return. The most important finding is that the economic content of a positive net present value is false in such cases. The financial source of the missing amount to reach the level of business efficiency is a false interest income generated by the method. In such cases, the two internal rates of return are also derived from false interest income. The revealed and mathematically proved causality relationships usually prevail in some form in the case of other types of non-conventional cash flows as well.","PeriodicalId":31458,"journal":{"name":"Theory Methodology Practice","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67681105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the history of banking services, mobile banking has been thought of as a key interactive channel between financial institutions and customers. The last decade there has been an increasing interest in studying mobile banking topic. Most literature in the field of mobile banking has only focused on an individual approach and lacked the macro approach and industry approach. Therefore, this research aims to show a comprehensive review of mobile banking research in past decade and analyses the significant results from previous research. This paper makes a contribution to a deeper understanding of mobile banking from a macro approach and industry approach.
{"title":"I have seen the future, and it rings - What we know about mobile banking research","authors":"Dai Thich Phan","doi":"10.18096/tmp.2020.02.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18096/tmp.2020.02.07","url":null,"abstract":"In the history of banking services, mobile banking has been thought of as a key interactive channel between financial institutions and customers. The last decade there has been an increasing interest in studying mobile banking topic. Most literature in the field of mobile banking has only focused on an individual approach and lacked the macro approach and industry approach. Therefore, this research aims to show a comprehensive review of mobile banking research in past decade and analyses the significant results from previous research. This paper makes a contribution to a deeper understanding of mobile banking from a macro approach and industry approach.","PeriodicalId":31458,"journal":{"name":"Theory Methodology Practice","volume":"126 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67681218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper mainly examines the link between human capital investment and employment growth in Nigeria for the period spanning 1980–2019 using timeseries data. The theoretical model is rooted in the simple theory of investment in human capital based on Ashton and Green (1996) relating to maximization of lifetime earnings and wealth. Diagnostic tests show that the ordinary least square (OLS) estimation technique is plausible. Results show that employment rate can positively induce government expenditure on education and health and secondary school enrollment.Creation of investment opportunities through basic infrastructural facilities – electricity, roads,etc. – is key to employment growth and human capital investment.
{"title":"Human Capital Investment and Employment Growth in Nigeria","authors":"J. Saka","doi":"10.18096/tmp.2020.02.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18096/tmp.2020.02.08","url":null,"abstract":"This paper mainly examines the link between human capital investment and employment growth in Nigeria for the period spanning 1980–2019 using timeseries data. The theoretical model is rooted in the simple theory of investment in human capital based on Ashton and Green (1996) relating to maximization of lifetime earnings and wealth. Diagnostic tests show that the ordinary least square (OLS) estimation technique is plausible. Results show that employment rate can positively induce government expenditure on education and health and secondary school enrollment.Creation of investment opportunities through basic infrastructural facilities – electricity, roads,etc. – is key to employment growth and human capital investment.","PeriodicalId":31458,"journal":{"name":"Theory Methodology Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67681227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current coronavirus situation both gives an opportunity to the organizations and forces them to change and rethink fundamentally their business models. The pandemic causes an extremely difficult situation for symphony orchestras, as they have to cancel their performances and redefine how to reach their audience. Either they follow a Red Ocean Strategy and lose significant revenue or develop a Blue Ocean Strategy and prosper. The Blue Ocean Strategy involves a value innovation that can be achieved by four actions (eliminate, reduce, raise, create) and taking advantage of the opportunities offered by digitalization. After briefly reviewing the concept of business model innovation, the article gives an overview of some novel aspirations, attempts and projects selected from international and Hungarian symphonic orchestral life to provide excellent examples of how the value proposition can be redefined and how the expectations of the 21st-century audience can be met.
{"title":"The Value Innovation of Symphony Orchestras and the Triggering Effect of Coronavirus","authors":"Roland Zs. Szabo, Borbála Szedmák","doi":"10.18096/tmp.2020.02.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18096/tmp.2020.02.09","url":null,"abstract":"The current coronavirus situation both gives an opportunity to the organizations and forces them to change and rethink fundamentally their business models. The pandemic causes an extremely difficult situation for symphony orchestras, as they have to cancel their performances and redefine how to reach their audience. Either they follow a Red Ocean Strategy and lose significant revenue or develop a Blue Ocean Strategy and prosper. The Blue Ocean Strategy involves a value innovation that can be achieved by four actions (eliminate, reduce, raise, create) and taking advantage of the opportunities offered by digitalization. After briefly reviewing the concept of business model innovation, the article gives an overview of some novel aspirations, attempts and projects selected from international and Hungarian symphonic orchestral life to provide excellent examples of how the value proposition can be redefined and how the expectations of the 21st-century audience can be met.","PeriodicalId":31458,"journal":{"name":"Theory Methodology Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67681266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rural development is increasingly demanding the use of advanced technologies as a growing number of new challenges must be solved. While the main tasks in cities are to develop the quality of life of a significant number of people and to solve increasingly complicated tasks, in rural areas – in many cases – aging, the migration of the youth and the more difficult access to services (and in many cases their higher costs) are the most important problems. Basic IT infrastructures are usually available in the most rural areas (e.g. broadband Internet access), and the cost of Internet-connected devices has fallen compared with decades ago, so in theory it is easy to access for everyone, but the existence of ‘hardware’ is sometimes accompanied by a lack of necessary ‘software’. I believe that one of the potential opportunities of rural areas can be the widespread use of smart solutions developed by densely populated areas but adaptable with inevitable modifications. In this study first I will examine the current situation of the ‘smart solutions’ in rural places and then I will discuss how such solutions can contribute to the development and resilience of rural areas.
{"title":"Development of Rural Areas and Improving Their Resilience with Smart Solutions","authors":"Z. Péter","doi":"10.18096/tmp.2020.01.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18096/tmp.2020.01.04","url":null,"abstract":"Rural development is increasingly demanding the use of advanced technologies as a growing number of new challenges must be solved. While the main tasks in cities are to develop the quality of life of a significant number of people and to solve increasingly complicated tasks, in rural areas – in many cases – aging, the migration of the youth and the more difficult access to services (and in many cases their higher costs) are the most important problems. Basic IT infrastructures are usually available in the most rural areas (e.g. broadband Internet access), and the cost of Internet-connected devices has fallen compared with decades ago, so in theory it is easy to access for everyone, but the existence of ‘hardware’ is sometimes accompanied by a lack of necessary ‘software’. I believe that one of the potential opportunities of rural areas can be the widespread use of smart solutions developed by densely populated areas but adaptable with inevitable modifications. In this study first I will examine the current situation of the ‘smart solutions’ in rural places and then I will discuss how such solutions can contribute to the development and resilience of rural areas.","PeriodicalId":31458,"journal":{"name":"Theory Methodology Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67680607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Financial literacy is an interesting research area. In this paper my aim is to answer three important questions about financial literacy with help of statistical methods. Can it be predicted whether a country has an appropriate level of financial literacy? Can homogenous groups be identified among the observed countries? Does the income group influence the level of financial literacy? For the prediction of financial literacy I used membership logistic regression. The two independent variables were the Human Development Index and Government expenditure on education (GDP%). I was able to achieve a classification accuracy of 88.5%. To answer my second question I created clusters and used Ward’s method to create five homogeneous groups. I identified one group with an extremely low level of financial literacy. To answer my third question I used the Chi-square test for Independence. During the analysis I came to the conclusion that financial literacy and income group are not independent of each other.
{"title":"Using Multivariate Statistical Methods for Analysing Financial Literacy, as a Possible Appearance of Social Innovation","authors":"K. Fodor","doi":"10.18096/tmp.2020.01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18096/tmp.2020.01.02","url":null,"abstract":"Financial literacy is an interesting research area. In this paper my aim is to answer three important questions about financial literacy with help of statistical methods. Can it be predicted whether a country has an appropriate level of financial literacy? Can homogenous groups be identified among the observed countries? Does the income group influence the level of financial literacy? For the prediction of financial literacy I used membership logistic regression. The two independent variables were the Human Development Index and Government expenditure on education (GDP%). I was able to achieve a classification accuracy of 88.5%. To answer my second question I created clusters and used Ward’s method to create five homogeneous groups. I identified one group with an extremely low level of financial literacy. To answer my third question I used the Chi-square test for Independence. During the analysis I came to the conclusion that financial literacy and income group are not independent of each other.","PeriodicalId":31458,"journal":{"name":"Theory Methodology Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67680988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Some authors have expressed the most important preconditions of change success in different formulas. All formulas but one comprise a threshold value below which change cannot happen. The one without a threshold presumes proportionality between some factors and change success. These two approaches seemingly contradict each other. This paper resolves the contradiction by proposing a new model that comprises both a threshold value and a modified proportional relation that becomes valid beyond the threshold value. The conventional dimension of the ‘result’ is modified from ‘change’ to ‘attitude towards change’ because attitude in itself cannot guarantee that the planned change actually happens.
{"title":"Rethinking Classical Precondition Formulas of Changes","authors":"B. Pataki, Katalin Pádár","doi":"10.18096/tmp.2020.02.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18096/tmp.2020.02.06","url":null,"abstract":"Some authors have expressed the most important preconditions of change success in different formulas. All formulas but one comprise a threshold value below which change cannot happen. The one without a threshold presumes proportionality between some factors and change success. These two approaches seemingly contradict each other. This paper resolves the contradiction by proposing a new model that comprises both a threshold value and a modified proportional relation that becomes valid beyond the threshold value. The conventional dimension of the ‘result’ is modified from ‘change’ to ‘attitude towards change’ because attitude in itself cannot guarantee that the planned change actually happens.","PeriodicalId":31458,"journal":{"name":"Theory Methodology Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67681208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The World Economic Forum stated that while digitalization caused a rapid productivity growth, it has also had its disadvantages. Can digitalization be the catalyst of economic development? Our hypothesis contributes to the debate that the higher the level of digital development in a given country, the greater the quality of life and purchasing power it can achieve due to the benefits of various digital technologies. In our research, we investigated the relationship between the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI), the Quality of Life Index (QLI) and the Purchasing Power Index (PPI) among the EU countries from 2014 to 2019. We acquired datasets from Eurostat and Numbeo and examined correlations between indices. We found a strong positive relationship between the level of digitalization, the quality of life, and the purchasing power.
{"title":"Digitalization, Quality of Life and Purchasing Power","authors":"Roland Zs. Szabo, Márk János Tátrai","doi":"10.18096/tmp.2020.02.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18096/tmp.2020.02.10","url":null,"abstract":"The World Economic Forum stated that while digitalization caused a rapid productivity growth, it has also had its disadvantages. Can digitalization be the catalyst of economic development? Our hypothesis contributes to the debate that the higher the level of digital development in a given country, the greater the quality of life and purchasing power it can achieve due to the benefits of various digital technologies. In our research, we investigated the relationship between the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI), the Quality of Life Index (QLI) and the Purchasing Power Index (PPI) among the EU countries from 2014 to 2019. We acquired datasets from Eurostat and Numbeo and examined correlations between indices. We found a strong positive relationship between the level of digitalization, the quality of life, and the purchasing power.","PeriodicalId":31458,"journal":{"name":"Theory Methodology Practice","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67681276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this paper to analyse the success factors of efficiency of social innovation and indicate the variables associated with the success factors in order to aid in decision making A number of success factors play an important part in adjusting to reach the optimal solution. The personality of the innovator, level of the innovation or the place of implementation can influence the choice and prioritizing of these factors. Identifying the forms and level of decisions in connection with success factors is the main focus of the paper, determining the presence of linked variables. A suggestion is formulated to increase the efficiency of decision making taking into consideration the applied decision methods and special features of the situation.
{"title":"Evaluating Social Innovation Tools: Process-Oriented Approach","authors":"G. Metszősy","doi":"10.18096/tmp.2020.01.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18096/tmp.2020.01.03","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper to analyse the success factors of efficiency of social innovation and indicate the variables associated with the success factors in order to aid in decision making A number of success factors play an important part in adjusting to reach the optimal solution. The personality of the innovator, level of the innovation or the place of implementation can influence the choice and prioritizing of these factors. Identifying the forms and level of decisions in connection with success factors is the main focus of the paper, determining the presence of linked variables. A suggestion is formulated to increase the efficiency of decision making taking into consideration the applied decision methods and special features of the situation.","PeriodicalId":31458,"journal":{"name":"Theory Methodology Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67680572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nowadays in Hungary, district heating has 677,000 fee payers in 93 settlements, for the provision of which 89 companies are responsible. There are, however, differences in the ownership background, in the technical structure, in the activities carried out by the district heat producers and in the number of the consumers supplied. This paper examines the asset structure of the Hungarian district heat suppliers, with special regard to their fixed asset ratio. The research aims to explore whether the companies’ activities have an effect on their asset structure on the one hand and whether there are any significant differences between some special characteristics (pipeline length, number of fee payers) of the district heat suppliers and the tangible asset ratio. Using the data derived from the accounts of the Hungarian district heat suppliers and from technical and economic data, information from nine years (2009-2017) were analyzed.
{"title":"Analysis of the Asset Structure of Hungarian District Heat Suppliers, with Special Regard to the Fixed Assets, Based on the Companies' 2009-2017 Accounts","authors":"G. Süveges","doi":"10.18096/tmp.2020.01.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18096/tmp.2020.01.06","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays in Hungary, district heating has 677,000 fee payers in 93 settlements, for the provision of which 89 companies are responsible. There are, however, differences in the ownership background, in the technical structure, in the activities carried out by the district heat producers and in the number of the consumers supplied. This paper examines the asset structure of the Hungarian district heat suppliers, with special regard to their fixed asset ratio. The research aims to explore whether the companies’ activities have an effect on their asset structure on the one hand and whether there are any significant differences between some special characteristics (pipeline length, number of fee payers) of the district heat suppliers and the tangible asset ratio. Using the data derived from the accounts of the Hungarian district heat suppliers and from technical and economic data, information from nine years (2009-2017) were analyzed.","PeriodicalId":31458,"journal":{"name":"Theory Methodology Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67680631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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