Pub Date : 2006-05-22DOI: 10.1109/MIKON.2006.4345092
J. Kenney, Senior Member, Jau-Homg Chen
This paper presents some recent developments in the area of power amplifier (PA) linearization and efficiency improvement techniques. Advanced digital pre-distortion (DPD) architectures implemented with digital signal processing (DSP) are discussed. Various results of improvements in intermodulation distortion (IMD) when applied to high power RF amplifiers are presented. Crest factor reduction (CFR) has been shown to substantially increase the power output, and hence the efficiency of PAs operating with high peak-to-average waveforms. The combination of DPD and CFR is shown to improve both efficiency and linearity to levels previously unachievable with analog technologies alone for commercial wireless applications. Independent of these signal processing techniques, polar transmitter circuit architectures have been proposed to improve PA efficiency. A combination of a polar transmitter architecture operating in combination with DPD and CFR is proposed in this paper to address more demanding military wireless communications applications.
{"title":"Power Amplifier Linearization and Efficiency Improvement Techniques for Commercial and Military Applications","authors":"J. Kenney, Senior Member, Jau-Homg Chen","doi":"10.1109/MIKON.2006.4345092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MIKON.2006.4345092","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents some recent developments in the area of power amplifier (PA) linearization and efficiency improvement techniques. Advanced digital pre-distortion (DPD) architectures implemented with digital signal processing (DSP) are discussed. Various results of improvements in intermodulation distortion (IMD) when applied to high power RF amplifiers are presented. Crest factor reduction (CFR) has been shown to substantially increase the power output, and hence the efficiency of PAs operating with high peak-to-average waveforms. The combination of DPD and CFR is shown to improve both efficiency and linearity to levels previously unachievable with analog technologies alone for commercial wireless applications. Independent of these signal processing techniques, polar transmitter circuit architectures have been proposed to improve PA efficiency. A combination of a polar transmitter architecture operating in combination with DPD and CFR is proposed in this paper to address more demanding military wireless communications applications.","PeriodicalId":315003,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Microwaves, Radar & Wireless Communications","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130031849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-22DOI: 10.1109/MIKON.2006.4345331
A. Budnicki, P. Kaczmarek, K. Abramski
Ultrafast mode-locked lasers can oscillate at broadband spectrum of optical combs. The beat signals of such lasers can be a source of widely spread frequency markers. We present here our experiments on the mode-locked erbium doped fiber lasers.
{"title":"Microwave frequency comb spectrum induced by mode-locked fiber laser","authors":"A. Budnicki, P. Kaczmarek, K. Abramski","doi":"10.1109/MIKON.2006.4345331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MIKON.2006.4345331","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrafast mode-locked lasers can oscillate at broadband spectrum of optical combs. The beat signals of such lasers can be a source of widely spread frequency markers. We present here our experiments on the mode-locked erbium doped fiber lasers.","PeriodicalId":315003,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Microwaves, Radar & Wireless Communications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129290317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-22DOI: 10.1109/MIKON.2006.4345302
K. Vytovtov, A. A. Bulgakov
A one-dimension photonic crystal containing usual isotropic, backward wave, and bianisotropic (anisotropic) layers is investigated by using the translation matrix method. The particular cases of the problem of layer rearrangement within a period is considered. It is describe the types of photonic crystals that have the same bandgap and the photonic crystals that have no bandgap.
{"title":"Investigation of Photonic Crystals Containing Artificial Metamaterial Layers","authors":"K. Vytovtov, A. A. Bulgakov","doi":"10.1109/MIKON.2006.4345302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MIKON.2006.4345302","url":null,"abstract":"A one-dimension photonic crystal containing usual isotropic, backward wave, and bianisotropic (anisotropic) layers is investigated by using the translation matrix method. The particular cases of the problem of layer rearrangement within a period is considered. It is describe the types of photonic crystals that have the same bandgap and the photonic crystals that have no bandgap.","PeriodicalId":315003,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Microwaves, Radar & Wireless Communications","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123365634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-22DOI: 10.1109/MIKON.2006.4345168
I. Bragin, V. P. Sgibnev, M. B. Kamenkov, I.V. Istuakov, I. Zheltikov, B. N. Savin, T. B. Shevaldykina, E. L. Elizavetova, N. Maslova, E.O. Kontorin, E.N. Kochergin
Spatial noise generators with apertures of 200 mm, 270 mm, 1500 mm were developed in OKB MEL. Spatial noise generators with apertures of 200, 270 mm are Djuar vessels filled up by boiling liquid nitrogen, with metal cylinder, fixed in liquid nitrogen's zone. One of cylinder's founding is cooled by boiling nitrogen. It is covered by radio-absorption material. Another founding, covered by heat protection radio-transparent material, is radiating aperture of spatial noise generator. Spatial noise generators with aperture of 1500 mm is a collimating system, which consists of the parabolic reflector (part of parabolic) and radiator, which consists of aperture noise generator and additional reflector (contra-reflector). Additional reflector also provides lighting of main mirror (parabolic reflector) and forming of plane parallel collimation beam. Methodology of noise temperature unevenness measurements in the section of the collimation beam is presented.
{"title":"Spatial (Aperture) Noise Generators","authors":"I. Bragin, V. P. Sgibnev, M. B. Kamenkov, I.V. Istuakov, I. Zheltikov, B. N. Savin, T. B. Shevaldykina, E. L. Elizavetova, N. Maslova, E.O. Kontorin, E.N. Kochergin","doi":"10.1109/MIKON.2006.4345168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MIKON.2006.4345168","url":null,"abstract":"Spatial noise generators with apertures of 200 mm, 270 mm, 1500 mm were developed in OKB MEL. Spatial noise generators with apertures of 200, 270 mm are Djuar vessels filled up by boiling liquid nitrogen, with metal cylinder, fixed in liquid nitrogen's zone. One of cylinder's founding is cooled by boiling nitrogen. It is covered by radio-absorption material. Another founding, covered by heat protection radio-transparent material, is radiating aperture of spatial noise generator. Spatial noise generators with aperture of 1500 mm is a collimating system, which consists of the parabolic reflector (part of parabolic) and radiator, which consists of aperture noise generator and additional reflector (contra-reflector). Additional reflector also provides lighting of main mirror (parabolic reflector) and forming of plane parallel collimation beam. Methodology of noise temperature unevenness measurements in the section of the collimation beam is presented.","PeriodicalId":315003,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Microwaves, Radar & Wireless Communications","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126871747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-22DOI: 10.1109/MIKON.2006.4345107
M. Schindler
Mobile telephone handsets have become pervasive throughout the world. As they have become more common, they have become more capable, compact and multi-functional. These trends have had a profound effect on the RF electronics that have been at the heart of mobile handsets. The past history of the handset, as well as current trends, are instructive in guiding exploration of future handset developments. We will see that performance demands will continue to grow, while size, cost and power consumption allowances will continue to shrink. The ability to meet these demands is closely tied to innovations and enhancement in the technologies in almost all the RF components in the handset. System architectures will likewise continue to evolve and adapt to technological capabilities and handset requirements.
{"title":"Future Trends in Mobile Handset Radio Electronics","authors":"M. Schindler","doi":"10.1109/MIKON.2006.4345107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MIKON.2006.4345107","url":null,"abstract":"Mobile telephone handsets have become pervasive throughout the world. As they have become more common, they have become more capable, compact and multi-functional. These trends have had a profound effect on the RF electronics that have been at the heart of mobile handsets. The past history of the handset, as well as current trends, are instructive in guiding exploration of future handset developments. We will see that performance demands will continue to grow, while size, cost and power consumption allowances will continue to shrink. The ability to meet these demands is closely tied to innovations and enhancement in the technologies in almost all the RF components in the handset. System architectures will likewise continue to evolve and adapt to technological capabilities and handset requirements.","PeriodicalId":315003,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Microwaves, Radar & Wireless Communications","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125268735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-22DOI: 10.1109/MIKON.2006.4345234
Z. Czyz, W. Rodziejczak
The simplest model of rain backscatterer considered as the incoherent couple of point scatterers of equal effective crossection has been described elsewhere [1]. Here, two other decompositions of the partially depolarizing Kennaugh matrix are presented: into two mutually orthogonal matrices, or matrices producing cross-and co-polarized returns when incident polarization has been chosen for minimum total received power.
{"title":"Alternative Decompositions of the Partially Depolarizing Symmetric Kennaugh Matrix into Two Nondepolarizing Constituents","authors":"Z. Czyz, W. Rodziejczak","doi":"10.1109/MIKON.2006.4345234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MIKON.2006.4345234","url":null,"abstract":"The simplest model of rain backscatterer considered as the incoherent couple of point scatterers of equal effective crossection has been described elsewhere [1]. Here, two other decompositions of the partially depolarizing Kennaugh matrix are presented: into two mutually orthogonal matrices, or matrices producing cross-and co-polarized returns when incident polarization has been chosen for minimum total received power.","PeriodicalId":315003,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Microwaves, Radar & Wireless Communications","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127562538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-22DOI: 10.1109/MIKON.2006.4345301
J. Podwalski, L. Kulas, P. Sypek, M. Mrozowski
A 2D resonator based on photonic crystal was optimized for the maximal value of the quality factor using a very fast simulation algorithm combining FD-TD with macromodels and efficient postprocessing technique based on GPOF. Allowed that for an extended analysis of its parameters.
{"title":"Analysis of a High-Quality Photonic Crystal Resonator","authors":"J. Podwalski, L. Kulas, P. Sypek, M. Mrozowski","doi":"10.1109/MIKON.2006.4345301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MIKON.2006.4345301","url":null,"abstract":"A 2D resonator based on photonic crystal was optimized for the maximal value of the quality factor using a very fast simulation algorithm combining FD-TD with macromodels and efficient postprocessing technique based on GPOF. Allowed that for an extended analysis of its parameters.","PeriodicalId":315003,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Microwaves, Radar & Wireless Communications","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123007599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-22DOI: 10.1109/MIKON.2006.4345353
C. Icheln, J. Toivanen, J. Krogerus, T. Laitinen, P. Vainikainen
We give an overview of research performed during previous years on the development of methods for measuring and determining the radiation patterns of small antennas. The work has focused on developing a spherical multi-probe system for measuring the 3-D complex radiation patterns of small antennas, as e.g. used in mobile terminals, without the need to move the device under test during the measurement. A demonstrator system with 32 dual-polarised field probes has been manufactured and evaluated. The frequency range of the measurement system covers most of the current mobile communications systems, i.e. from 800 MHz to 3 GHz. The radius of the measurement sphere is 1 m. The far field is determined with the spherical-wave expansion-based near-field to far-field transformation from the signals measured at each probe port. Since the system allows measuring a 3-D pattern within seconds, it facilitates specific research that would not be feasible with traditional measurement techniques. Some of these new results are presented. Finally, foreseen future developments of these measurement methods are presented.
{"title":"Rapid Small-Antenna Measurements","authors":"C. Icheln, J. Toivanen, J. Krogerus, T. Laitinen, P. Vainikainen","doi":"10.1109/MIKON.2006.4345353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MIKON.2006.4345353","url":null,"abstract":"We give an overview of research performed during previous years on the development of methods for measuring and determining the radiation patterns of small antennas. The work has focused on developing a spherical multi-probe system for measuring the 3-D complex radiation patterns of small antennas, as e.g. used in mobile terminals, without the need to move the device under test during the measurement. A demonstrator system with 32 dual-polarised field probes has been manufactured and evaluated. The frequency range of the measurement system covers most of the current mobile communications systems, i.e. from 800 MHz to 3 GHz. The radius of the measurement sphere is 1 m. The far field is determined with the spherical-wave expansion-based near-field to far-field transformation from the signals measured at each probe port. Since the system allows measuring a 3-D pattern within seconds, it facilitates specific research that would not be feasible with traditional measurement techniques. Some of these new results are presented. Finally, foreseen future developments of these measurement methods are presented.","PeriodicalId":315003,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Microwaves, Radar & Wireless Communications","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132659123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-22DOI: 10.1109/MIKON.2006.4345333
K. Adam
For a long time detection of volatile chemicals traces contained in the atmosphere, especially NO2 has been a serious problem. Strict environmental standards restricted acceptable limits of atmospheric traces, furthermore it brought in an obligation of constant atmospheric traces monitoring. That is why a special method that enables different requirements has to be created. One of a few methods that enables to fulfill requirements in range of detection limit of volatile chemicals traces, moreover one that gives results in the real time is CRDS. The cavity ring down spectroscopy (CRDS) is a sensitive "in situ" laser absorption spectroscopy method developed by O 'Keefe (1988). It is the youngest spectroscopy technique nearly unknown in Poland. All over the world it has been applied for several years in laboratory conditions to perform measurements of very low absorption cross section values of volatile chemicals (10-19+10-18 cm2). Recent years a significant progress in GaN / InGaN blue diode laser technology has been made. Moreover, great progress in multilayer dielectric mirrors based on technology of interference stacks has been made. Thanks to it super reflection coefficient has been received. Those discoveries make CRDS technique possible to both detect and monitor volatile chemical traces contained in the atmosphere at limit of single ppb. This paper describes modern optoelectronic methods of atmospheric trace detection. Their advantages and disadvantages have been shown. Special attention has been paid to CRDS method (pol. Spekrtoskopia Strat We Wnece). Intensive research on CRDS are being taken in Laboratorium Sygnalow Optycznych, Instytut Optoelektroniki WAT.
{"title":"Optoelectronic Sensor of NO2 Detection using Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy and 414 nm GaN Diode Laser","authors":"K. Adam","doi":"10.1109/MIKON.2006.4345333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MIKON.2006.4345333","url":null,"abstract":"For a long time detection of volatile chemicals traces contained in the atmosphere, especially NO2 has been a serious problem. Strict environmental standards restricted acceptable limits of atmospheric traces, furthermore it brought in an obligation of constant atmospheric traces monitoring. That is why a special method that enables different requirements has to be created. One of a few methods that enables to fulfill requirements in range of detection limit of volatile chemicals traces, moreover one that gives results in the real time is CRDS. The cavity ring down spectroscopy (CRDS) is a sensitive \"in situ\" laser absorption spectroscopy method developed by O 'Keefe (1988). It is the youngest spectroscopy technique nearly unknown in Poland. All over the world it has been applied for several years in laboratory conditions to perform measurements of very low absorption cross section values of volatile chemicals (10-19+10-18 cm2). Recent years a significant progress in GaN / InGaN blue diode laser technology has been made. Moreover, great progress in multilayer dielectric mirrors based on technology of interference stacks has been made. Thanks to it super reflection coefficient has been received. Those discoveries make CRDS technique possible to both detect and monitor volatile chemical traces contained in the atmosphere at limit of single ppb. This paper describes modern optoelectronic methods of atmospheric trace detection. Their advantages and disadvantages have been shown. Special attention has been paid to CRDS method (pol. Spekrtoskopia Strat We Wnece). Intensive research on CRDS are being taken in Laboratorium Sygnalow Optycznych, Instytut Optoelektroniki WAT.","PeriodicalId":315003,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Microwaves, Radar & Wireless Communications","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133247858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-22DOI: 10.1109/MIKON.2006.4345280
M. Wiktor, P. Kowalczyk, M. Mrozowski
A simple technique of numerical analysis of open resonator is presented. The technique combines a standard Finite Difference method with the Partial Eigenfunction Expansion. By doing this one gets a simple formulation of radiation boundary condition. The algorithm was tested for the dielectric resonator of different height placed in infinite radial waveguide and excellent agreement of the obtained results with other methods was achieved.
{"title":"Approximate analytical boundary conditions for efficient finite difference frequency domain simulations in cylindrical coordinates","authors":"M. Wiktor, P. Kowalczyk, M. Mrozowski","doi":"10.1109/MIKON.2006.4345280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MIKON.2006.4345280","url":null,"abstract":"A simple technique of numerical analysis of open resonator is presented. The technique combines a standard Finite Difference method with the Partial Eigenfunction Expansion. By doing this one gets a simple formulation of radiation boundary condition. The algorithm was tested for the dielectric resonator of different height placed in infinite radial waveguide and excellent agreement of the obtained results with other methods was achieved.","PeriodicalId":315003,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Microwaves, Radar & Wireless Communications","volume":"124 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133322948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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