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Foreign trade in agricultural products between the Republic of Serbia and the Republic of Kazakhstan: A decade since the signing of the Free trade Agreement 塞尔维亚共和国和哈萨克斯坦共和国之间的农产品对外贸易:自自由贸易协定签署以来的十年
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/SKOLBIZ1-30243
Mila Šimić, Biljana Stankov
Modern international economic relations, among other things, are characterized by establishing bilateral and multilateral cooperation between countries in order to liberalize trade relations. The implementation of reached free trade agreements affects economic trends in the signatory countries, the intensification of their foreign trade as wll as the increase in the attractiveness of countries as investment destinations. From 2000 onwards, Serbia has signed several free trade agreements with European countries and the United States. Ten years ago, a free trade agreement was signed with the Republic of Kazakhstan in order to encourage the development of mutual trade and economic relations, accelerate economic development, improve living and working conditions, increase employment and establish fair competition between economic entities from Serbia and Kazakhstan. The subject of the mentioned trade relations are also agri-food products, whose production in Serbia is supported by an excellent raw material base, and has always been a part of national tradition and culture. The research subject of this paper is foreign trade of agricultural products between Serbia and Kazakhstan with regard to free trade agrrements. The research aim is to determine the differences in the movement of exports and imports between the mentioned countries in the period before and after the signing of the free trade agreement.
除其他外,现代国际经济关系的特点是在各国之间建立双边和多边合作,以使贸易关系自由化。已达成的自由贸易协定的执行影响着签署国的经济趋势、其对外贸易的加强以及各国作为投资目的地的吸引力的增加。从2000年起,塞尔维亚与欧洲国家和美国签署了几项自由贸易协定。十年前,与哈萨克斯坦共和国签署了一项自由贸易协定,以鼓励发展相互贸易和经济关系,加速经济发展,改善生活和工作条件,增加就业,并在塞尔维亚和哈萨克斯坦的经济实体之间建立公平竞争。上述贸易关系的主题也是农业食品,其在塞尔维亚的生产得到了良好的原料基础的支持,并且一直是民族传统和文化的一部分。本文的研究对象是塞尔维亚与哈萨克斯坦自由贸易协定下的农产品对外贸易。研究的目的是确定上述国家在自由贸易协定签署前后的出口和进口运动的差异。
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引用次数: 1
The research on female motivation for entrepreneurship in the Republic of Serbia 塞尔维亚共和国女性创业动机研究
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/SKOLBIZ1-25404
B. Popović, T. Paunović, R. Maletić
Modern social development trends, as well as globalization and internationalization, require significant changes in entrepreneurship, with a tendency of increasing involvement of women in business. The main focus of the paper is to determine the significance of different motives that influence women in the Republic of Serbia for entrepreneurship, depending on their age, education, marital status, length of entrepreneurial experience and number of employees. Empirical research was conducted on a sample of 162 female entrepreneurs in the territory of the Republic of Serbia. The data were analyzed using factor analysis, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis test. The research results indicate that the motivation for entrepreneurship can be grouped into two areas. Non-parametric tests have found that there are differences in the significance of different motivations for women entrepreneurs of different age, education level, marital status, length of service and number of employees. The results of the research confirm that women entrepreneurs differ in terms of motives for entrepreneurship.
现代社会发展趋势以及全球化和国际化要求企业精神发生重大变化,妇女越来越多地参与商业活动。本文的主要重点是确定影响塞尔维亚共和国妇女创业的不同动机的重要性,这取决于她们的年龄、教育程度、婚姻状况、创业经验的长短和雇员人数。对塞尔维亚共和国境内162名女企业家进行了实证研究。采用因子分析、Mann-Whitney U检验和Kruskal-Wallis检验对数据进行分析。研究结果表明,创业动机可以分为两个方面。非参数检验发现,不同年龄、受教育程度、婚姻状况、服务年限、从业人数的女企业家不同动机的显著性存在差异。研究结果证实,女性企业家在创业动机方面存在差异。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of the applicability of the Balanced Scorecard concept in small and medium-sized enterprises 平衡计分卡概念在中小企业中的适用性评估
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/SKOLBIZ1-28253
Ivana Jolović, Nevena Jolović
The modern management concept Balanced Scorecard (BSC), thanks to the efficient solutions it offers, draws increasing attention from the management across the globe. BSC is a performance measurement system which unites a traditional, financial perspective with the consumer, internal business processes, and learning and growth perspectives; and provides intelligibility of the company's vision and strategic goals, strengthening of the internal communication of employees, and more efficient realization of key business activities. The implementation of the BSC concept in large enterprises is a quite simple and efficient process, while the procedure of incorporating its postulates into the structure of small and medium-sized enterprises is extremely complex and uncertain. For that reason, the aim of this scientific research is the assessment of the applicability of the BSC in small and medium-sized enterprises, with a simultaneous overview of examples of successful and less successful implementation practices, and the most frequent reasons for non-implementation of the concept itself. The research is inspired by the observation that the world literature has, to a certain extent, neglected the analysis of the application of the BSC concept in small and medium-sized enterprises. The descriptive and comparative method, the technique of analysis and synthesis, as well as analysis of the content of relevant literature of reference, national and foreign authors were used for research purposes. The result of the research is the confirmed assumption that the implementation of the BSC concept in small and medium-sized enterprises is possible but at the same time quite complex and demanding due to the influence of different variables. Accordingly, the recommendations such as that the BSC model should be simplified and burdened with a smaller number of metrics in order to become more applicable in small and medium-sized enterprises were derived in the research.
现代管理理念平衡计分卡(BSC)以其提供的高效解决方案,越来越受到全球管理层的关注。平衡计分卡是一种绩效衡量体系,它将传统的财务视角与消费者、内部业务流程、学习和成长视角结合起来;并提供清晰的公司愿景和战略目标,加强员工内部沟通,更有效地实现关键业务活动。平衡计分卡概念在大企业的实施是一个相当简单和高效的过程,而将其假设纳入中小企业结构的过程是极其复杂和不确定的。因此,本科学研究的目的是评估平衡计分卡在中小企业中的适用性,同时概述成功和不太成功的实施实践的例子,以及不实施平衡计分卡概念本身的最常见原因。世界文献在一定程度上忽视了平衡记分卡概念在中小企业中的应用分析,这是本研究的灵感来源。本文采用描述与比较法、分析与综合的方法,以及对国内外相关文献和作者的内容进行分析。研究的结果是确认了平衡计分卡概念在中小企业的实施是可能的,但同时由于不同变量的影响,平衡计分卡概念的实施相当复杂和苛刻。因此,研究中提出了简化平衡记分卡模型,减少指标数量,使其更适用于中小企业等建议。
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引用次数: 2
Creative economy: Exploring the concept and European perspective 创意经济:探索概念和欧洲视角
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/SKOLBIZ2-28894
Žarko Đorić
In recent times, our environment and the way we produce and consume cultural goods and services are changing radically due to the strong influence of globalization, faster communication channels, global connectivity and the implementation of new information and communication technologies. In the conditions of convergence of economic, social, cultural and technological changes, the importance of strengthening creative potentials and capacities to achieve economic and other gains is very much recognized, so new development strategies are needed in this area. In such circumstances, the concept of "creative and cultural economy" is popularized worldwide as the interface between culture, economics and technology. Our world is increasingly dominated by images, sounds, symbols and ideas that create new jobs, wealth and new culture. Because of this, economic development can no longer be considered unilaterally, only through the accumulation of economic capital, but as a three-dimensional space whose dimensions are the size, structure, and the change in the relationship between economic and creative resources. In this paper, the author deals with theoretical and applied aspects of the creative economy development. The obtained results indicate a significant economic potential that the creative economy brings within the European Union, primarily in terms of employment and contribution of enterprises within the creative sector. The research aims to interpret data, describe facts, processes, and objects and empirically confirm their connections and relationships using a descriptive method and a compilation method.
近年来,由于全球化、通信渠道加快、全球互联互通和新信息通信技术的实施的强烈影响,我们的环境以及我们生产和消费文化产品和服务的方式正在发生根本性的变化。在经济、社会、文化和技术变革汇合的条件下,加强创造潜力和能力以取得经济和其他收益的重要性已得到充分认识,因此在这一领域需要新的发展战略。在这种情况下,“创意文化经济”的概念作为文化、经济和技术的接口在世界范围内得到普及。我们的世界越来越多地被图像、声音、符号和思想所主导,它们创造了新的就业机会、财富和新文化。正因为如此,经济发展不能再单方面地考虑,只能通过经济资本的积累,而是作为一个三维空间,其维度是规模、结构和经济资源与创造性资源之间关系的变化。本文从理论和应用两个方面对创意经济发展进行了探讨。所获得的结果表明,创意经济在欧洲联盟内部带来了巨大的经济潜力,主要是在创意部门的就业和企业贡献方面。研究的目的是解释数据,描述事实、过程和对象,并实证地确认它们之间的联系和关系,采用描述方法和汇编方法。
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引用次数: 0
An investigation of the impact of competitive strategy on export performance: A literature review in the period 1998-2018 竞争战略对出口绩效的影响研究:1998-2018年文献回顾
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/skolbiz1-24041
Katarina Njegić, Nenad Ravić
Competitive strategy is considered to be one of the most important determinants of export performance (EP). The last literature review on the link between competitive strategy and EP was provided by Zou and Stan (1998) based on empirical papers published from 1987 until 1997. The aim of this paper is to uncover scientific findings in this field in the period 1998-2008. In order to find empirical studies published in the observed period, a computer and manual bibliographic search was used. In total, 17 empirical studies on the observed topic were revealed. In order to systematize the results of the found studies, a vote-counting technique was used, supplemented with a narrative approach. Several gaps in the literature have been identified and based on them the recommendations for further research in this area are proposed.
竞争战略被认为是决定出口绩效的最重要因素之一。邹和斯坦(1998)基于1987年至1997年发表的实证论文,对竞争战略与企业绩效之间的联系进行了最后一次文献综述。本文旨在揭示1998-2008年期间该领域的科学发现。为了找到在观测期间发表的实证研究,使用了计算机和人工书目检索。总共有17项关于观察主题的实证研究。为了使所发现的研究结果系统化,使用了一种点票技术,并辅以叙述方法。已经确定了文献中的几个空白,并在此基础上提出了在这一领域进一步研究的建议。
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引用次数: 1
Time-frequency nexus between the Eastern European and the developed stock markets: The case of Visegrad group 东欧与发达国家股票市场的时频联系:以维谢格拉德集团为例
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/skolbiz1-22286
D. Živkov, Emilija Mihajlović, Kristina Kostić
This paper determines the level of interrelationship between the four stock markets of Visegrad group and the two major developed stock markets (Germany and the US). We endeavor to stipulate the dynamic connection via time domain as well as frequency domain, and for that purposs we apply wavelet coherence methodology. The results indicate that dark-red areas prevail around the World financial crisis and the European sovereign debt crisis, and they exist even at the high frequency areas (4 days) at DAX-PX and DAX-WIG, and somewhat DAX-BUX pairs. It is an indication of strong links between Visegrad group and DAX index, while the ties with the American index are slightly weaker. Slovakian SAX index has the widest areas of low correlation, whereas the presence of contagion cannot be found. This finding suggests that the Slovakian SAX index has the least synchronized movements with the two major stock indices, and thus can be used for diversification purposes in portfolios with DAX and S&P500.
本文确定了维谢格拉德集团四大股票市场与两大发达股票市场(德国和美国)之间的相互关系水平。我们试图在时域和频域上规定动态连接,为此我们采用小波相干方法。结果表明,在世界金融危机和欧洲主权债务危机期间,深红色区域普遍存在,即使在DAX-PX和DAX-WIG的高频区域(4天),以及部分DAX-BUX对也存在深红色区域。这表明维谢格拉德集团与DAX指数之间有着紧密的联系,而与美国指数的联系则略弱一些。斯洛伐克的SAX指数具有最广泛的低相关性区域,而无法发现传染的存在。这一发现表明斯洛伐克SAX指数与两个主要股票指数的同步运动最少,因此可以用于与DAX和标准普尔500的投资组合的多样化目的。
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引用次数: 2
A holistic approach to workplace stress management 工作场所压力管理的整体方法
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/skolbiz1-21872
J. Lukić, S. Lazarević
Workplace stress is a field of research interest of the academic community, but also of many human resource experts, since it has been realized that stress negatively affects the overall functioning of organizations and their business results. During the process of eliminating and/or reducing stress at the workplace, human resource experts should consider several factors and design adequate methods and techniques for stress management. The aim of this paper is to examine and point out the importance of a holistic approach to managing the issue of stress at the workplace. This paper presents methods and techniques for eliminating stress regarding the level at which they are applied (individual and organizational level) and regarding the time of the application (primary, secondary and tertiary). Stress management should be an integral part of organizational behavior and should include all business processes and activities in the organization.
工作场所压力是学术界的研究兴趣领域,也是许多人力资源专家的研究兴趣领域,因为人们已经意识到压力会对组织的整体功能和业务结果产生负面影响。在消除和/或减少工作场所压力的过程中,人力资源专家应该考虑几个因素,并设计适当的压力管理方法和技术。本文的目的是检查和指出一个整体的方法来管理工作场所的压力问题的重要性。本文介绍了消除压力的方法和技术,这些压力涉及到应用水平(个人和组织水平)和应用时间(小学,中学和大学)。压力管理应该是组织行为的一个组成部分,应该包括组织中的所有业务流程和活动。
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引用次数: 3
The influence of consumer lifestyle in the Republic of Serbia on consumer ethnocentrism 塞尔维亚共和国消费者生活方式对消费者民族中心主义的影响
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/skolbiz2-22136
D. Gašević, M. Vranješ, D. Tomašević
Consumer behavior is determined by a number of factors. One of them is ethnocentric tendencies. Ethnocentric consumers are those who prefer to buy domestic products rather than products of foreign origin. As not all consumers are equally ethnocentric, the main objective of the paper is to identify the individual and cumulative impact of certain components of respondents’ lifestyle on consumer ethnocentrism. The results have shown a statistically significant influence of three dimensions of lifestyle (personality traits, practical and rational purchasing behavior and fashion awareness) on consumer ethnocentrism of respondents in the Republic of Serbia. The analysis of the gathered data was performed using factor analysis and regression analysis. The research results have provided a great deal of meaningful information necessary for strategic management and decision making. In addition, the base for devising better quality strategies for approaching individual groups of consumers is provided, all depending on the degree of their consumer ethnocentrism.
消费者行为是由许多因素决定的。其中之一是种族中心主义倾向。以民族为中心的消费者是那些更喜欢购买国内产品而不是外国产品的消费者。由于并非所有消费者都同样是民族中心主义,本文的主要目的是确定受访者的生活方式对消费者民族中心主义的某些组成部分的个人和累积影响。结果表明,生活方式的三个维度(个性特征、实际和理性的购买行为和时尚意识)对塞尔维亚共和国受访者的消费者民族中心主义有统计学上显著的影响。对收集到的数据进行因子分析和回归分析。研究结果为战略管理和决策提供了大量有意义的信息。此外,还根据消费者民族中心主义的程度,为接近个别消费者群体制定更优质的战略提供了基础。
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引用次数: 1
Research of determinants of non-performing loans of the banking sector of Serbia 塞尔维亚银行业不良贷款的决定因素研究
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/skolbiz2-24160
Nela Milišić, Ž. Račić
The aim of this paper is to identify and analyze important internal and macroeconomic factors that determine the level of non-performing loans in the domestic banking sector thus contributing to the process of managing banks' credit risk. The research is based on the application of linear regression model (OLS). In accordance with the results, we have concluded that the growth in lending activities and the concentration of the five largest banks contributed to the increase in the share of non-performing loans in the credit portfolio of the banking sector.
本文的目的是识别和分析决定国内银行业不良贷款水平的重要内部和宏观经济因素,从而有助于管理银行信贷风险的过程。本研究基于线性回归模型(OLS)的应用。根据结果,我们得出的结论是,贷款活动的增长和五大银行的集中导致了银行业信贷组合中不良贷款份额的增加。
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引用次数: 1
Measurement of intellectual capital: Theoretical and empirical framework 智力资本的测量:理论与实证框架
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/skolbiz2-25185
Biserka Komnenić, Jovan Njegić
The concept of intellectual capital (IC) intends to identify and to define firms intangible strategic assets, to classify them and measure their contribution to the firm's process of value creation. Measurement of the IC enables the firm to obtain the information about the contribution of all strategic assets in the process of value creation, which significantly enhance the firm's decision-making process because the decisions can be based on the comprehensive and relevant information. The IC measurement is a complex process for its static and dynamic dimension of its elements. This paper aims to shed some light into this complex field, by synthesising and explaining all relevant aspects of research concerning measurement of the IC. The methodology used is a systematic literature review aiming to identify, appraise, select and synthesise high-quality research evidence and arguments relevant to the IC measurement, which includes theoretical and empirical contributions to this topic. The paper analyses research relevant to five main areas: firm motives for IC measurement; advantages of IC measurement; specificity and complexity of IC measurement; issues concerning IC indicators; most common approaches to the IC measurement and its methodologies. Since this paper in systematical and logical manner present all relevant aspects of research regarding the topic of IC measurement it generates, from very fragmented sources, an theoretical and empirical framework for this field of research. In that way, the paper contributes to the existing literature on these topics, it provides insight into the current state in the field of IC measurement and facilitates future research in this area.
智力资本(IC)的概念旨在识别和定义企业的无形战略资产,对其进行分类并衡量其对企业价值创造过程的贡献。集成集成的测量使企业能够获得有关所有战略资产在价值创造过程中的贡献的信息,这大大提高了企业的决策过程,因为决策可以基于全面和相关的信息。集成电路测量是一个复杂的过程,它的静态和动态尺寸的元件。本文旨在通过综合和解释有关IC测量的所有相关研究方面,为这个复杂的领域提供一些启示。所使用的方法是系统的文献综述,旨在识别、评估、选择和综合与IC测量相关的高质量研究证据和论点,其中包括对该主题的理论和实证贡献。本文分析了五个主要领域的相关研究:企业集成电路测量动机;集成电路测量的优势;IC测量的特殊性和复杂性;有关IC指标的问题;最常见的IC测量方法及其方法。由于本文以系统和逻辑的方式呈现了有关IC测量主题的所有相关研究方面,因此它从非常分散的来源生成了该研究领域的理论和实证框架。通过这种方式,本文对这些主题的现有文献做出了贡献,它提供了对IC测量领域当前状态的见解,并促进了该领域的未来研究。
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引用次数: 0
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Skola Biznisa
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