The aim of the research was to identify and assess the economic aspects of the quality of life in the EU. The research covered all Member States in terms of the selected quality-of-life indicators, which include GDP per capita expressed in purchasing power standards (PPS), average income in euro and severe material deprivation (SMD) expressed as a percentage. Three research methods were used to conduct the research: analysis and criticism of the literature on the national and international scale, analysis of secondary data obtained from the Eurostat database, as well as a statistical method using descriptive statistics, including the use of the dynamics index to estimate the level and direction of changes in the analyzed quality of life measures. As a result of the conducted research and with the use of the method of aggregating countries in terms of economic indicators describing the quality of life, it was found that rich countries characterized by high socio-economic development featured the highest level of quality of life. They include mainly Luxembourg, and due to the high level of average income and, at the same time, low SMD, Ireland, Austria, and Denmark. The lowest quality of life, but with the highest dynamics of average income, was characteristic of countries such as Bulgaria, Romania, Greece, and Hungary, where GDP was at a low or very low level. It should be added that in these countries, at the same time, some of the lower rates of deprivation dynamics were identified, which was a positive phenomenon. Poland had the lowest SMD dynamics.
{"title":"Economic Aspects of the Quality of Life","authors":"K. Decyk, Andrzej Rzeszutek","doi":"10.31648/oej.7269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31648/oej.7269","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the research was to identify and assess the economic aspects of the quality of life in the EU. The research covered all Member States in terms of the selected quality-of-life indicators, which include GDP per capita expressed in purchasing power standards (PPS), average income in euro and severe material deprivation (SMD) expressed as a percentage. Three research methods were used to conduct the research: analysis and criticism of the literature on the national and international scale, analysis of secondary data obtained from the Eurostat database, as well as a statistical method using descriptive statistics, including the use of the dynamics index to estimate the level and direction of changes in the analyzed quality of life measures.\u0000As a result of the conducted research and with the use of the method of aggregating countries in terms of economic indicators describing the quality of life, it was found that rich countries characterized by high socio-economic development featured the highest level of quality of life. They include mainly Luxembourg, and due to the high level of average income and, at the same time, low SMD, Ireland, Austria, and Denmark. The lowest quality of life, but with the highest dynamics of average income, was characteristic of countries such as Bulgaria, Romania, Greece, and Hungary, where GDP was at a low or very low level. It should be added that in these countries, at the same time, some of the lower rates of deprivation dynamics were identified, which was a positive phenomenon. Poland had the lowest SMD dynamics.","PeriodicalId":315965,"journal":{"name":"Olsztyn Economic Journal","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122463237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Zielonka, N. Przybysz, Tulegen Kobzhassarov, M. Witkowska-Dąbrowska
The article investigates the impact of direct subsidies on the budget of agricultural farms and the level of investment in the farms. A questionnaire survey was made among clients of a company which provides services in farming in Nidzicki District (powiat nidzicki). The respondents were farmers who benefit from direct subsidies to agricultural production. The research confirmed the research working hypotheses, in which the direct subsidies constitute 1/3 of the profit generated by agricultural farms and have a significant influence on the level of investment. The research aimed to determine the impact of direct subsidies on the budget of agricultural farms and their investment in fixed assets.
{"title":"Impact of Direct Subsidies on Budgets of Agricultural Farms","authors":"J. Zielonka, N. Przybysz, Tulegen Kobzhassarov, M. Witkowska-Dąbrowska","doi":"10.31648/oej.8213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31648/oej.8213","url":null,"abstract":"The article investigates the impact of direct subsidies on the budget of agricultural farms and the level of investment in the farms. A questionnaire survey was made among clients of a company which provides services in farming in Nidzicki District (powiat nidzicki). The respondents were farmers who benefit from direct subsidies to agricultural production. The research confirmed the research working hypotheses, in which the direct subsidies constitute 1/3 of the profit generated by agricultural farms and have a significant influence on the level of investment. The research aimed to determine the impact of direct subsidies on the budget of agricultural farms and their investment in fixed assets.","PeriodicalId":315965,"journal":{"name":"Olsztyn Economic Journal","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122537735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inwestowanie jest nieodłącznym elementem decyzji budżetowych podmiotów prawnych, niezależnie od ich wielkości. Czynniki makroekonomiczne, finansowe i instytucjonalne wpływają na otoczenie działalności inwestycyjnej. W artykule rozważono jeden z elementów makrootoczenia przedsiębiorstw, jakim jest związek między dochodami budżetowymi państwa z tytułu podatku dochodowego od osób prawnych a nakładami inwestycyjnymi małych, średnich i dużych przedsiębiorstw w sektorze prywatnym gospodarki narodowej. Celem badania jest identyfikacja zależności między dochodami budżetowymi państwa z tytułu podatku dochodowego od osób prawnych a wysokością nakładów w sektorze prywatnym gospodarki narodowej wśród przedsiębiorstw zatrudniających powyżej dziewięciu pracowników, w Polsce w latach 2010-2020, na podstawie danych Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego oraz zatwierdzonych przez Radę Ministrów sprawozdań z wykonania budżetu państwa od 2010 do 2020 roku, zawartych na stronie Ministerstwa Finansów. Do weryfikacji postawionej hipotezy badawczej wykorzystano metodę analizy korelacji Pearsona. Na podstawie uzyskanej wartości współczynnika korelacji Pearsona stwierdzono, że między dochodami budżetowymi państwa z tytułu podatku dochodowego od osób prawnych a nakładami inwestycyjnymi w sektorze prywatnym gospodarki narodowej wśród małych, średnich i dużych przedsiębiorstw występuje bardzo silna stochastyczna zależność dodatnia.
{"title":"Związek między dochodami budżetowymi państwa z tytułu podatku dochodowego od osób prawnych a wysokością inwestycji prywatnych małych, średnich i dużych przedsiębiorstw","authors":"Joanna Skuza","doi":"10.31648/oej.7579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31648/oej.7579","url":null,"abstract":"Inwestowanie jest nieodłącznym elementem decyzji budżetowych podmiotów prawnych, niezależnie od ich wielkości. Czynniki makroekonomiczne, finansowe i instytucjonalne wpływają na otoczenie działalności inwestycyjnej. W artykule rozważono jeden z elementów makrootoczenia przedsiębiorstw, jakim jest związek między dochodami budżetowymi państwa z tytułu podatku dochodowego od osób prawnych a nakładami inwestycyjnymi małych, średnich i dużych przedsiębiorstw w sektorze prywatnym gospodarki narodowej. Celem badania jest identyfikacja zależności między dochodami budżetowymi państwa z tytułu podatku dochodowego od osób prawnych a wysokością nakładów w sektorze prywatnym gospodarki narodowej wśród przedsiębiorstw zatrudniających powyżej dziewięciu pracowników, w Polsce w latach 2010-2020, na podstawie danych Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego oraz zatwierdzonych przez Radę Ministrów sprawozdań z wykonania budżetu państwa od 2010 do 2020 roku, zawartych na stronie Ministerstwa Finansów. Do weryfikacji postawionej hipotezy badawczej wykorzystano metodę analizy korelacji Pearsona. Na podstawie uzyskanej wartości współczynnika korelacji Pearsona stwierdzono, że między dochodami budżetowymi państwa z tytułu podatku dochodowego od osób prawnych a nakładami inwestycyjnymi w sektorze prywatnym gospodarki narodowej wśród małych, średnich i dużych przedsiębiorstw występuje bardzo silna stochastyczna zależność dodatnia.","PeriodicalId":315965,"journal":{"name":"Olsztyn Economic Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128283541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The occurrence of the first illnesses of the inhabitants of Poland and Portugal caused decision-makers to introduce many changes in the functioning of economic units in various areas. This document aims to answer the questions of whether the changes related to the occurrence of COVID-19 had a significant impact on the housing situation of students by answering two questions: (1) How has the pandemic affected the change in the form of residence? (2) What changes in the provisions of the contract do students expect after returning to the full-time form? The empirical study was conducted based on data obtained from a survey. The research was conducted in May and June 2021 on a sample of 599 students at the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn and the School of Technology and Management of Porto Polytechnic in Portugal. The analysis related to the determination of statistically significant interdependencies of socio-demographic characteristics of respondents with their attitudes, and a multidimensional method of comparative analysis was used, known as correspondence analysis. As a method of recording data in the analysis of correspondence, the Burt matrix was used. The result of the statistical analysis was the identification of structural relationships between variables and objects (respondents). The results showed different behaviours related to housing conditions in Poland and Portugal. Polish students, due to the epidemiological situation, were mostly forced to change their place of residence, which was usually associated with returning to their family home. This trend was not observed for students in Portugal (median response: Housing had not been affected in any way by the pandemic).
{"title":"Housing situation of students during the COVID-19 pandemic – a case study from Poland and Portugal","authors":"M. Grzywińska-Rąpca, N. Duarte, M. Janusz","doi":"10.31648/oej.7823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31648/oej.7823","url":null,"abstract":"The occurrence of the first illnesses of the inhabitants of Poland and Portugal caused decision-makers to introduce many changes in the functioning of economic units in various areas. This document aims to answer the questions of whether the changes related to the occurrence of COVID-19 had a significant impact on the housing situation of students by answering two questions: (1) How has the pandemic affected the change in the form of residence? (2) What changes in the provisions of the contract do students expect after returning to the full-time form? The empirical study was conducted based on data obtained from a survey. The research was conducted in May and June 2021 on a sample of 599 students at the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn and the School of Technology and Management of Porto Polytechnic in Portugal. The analysis related to the determination of statistically significant interdependencies of socio-demographic characteristics of respondents with their attitudes, and a multidimensional method of comparative analysis was used, known as correspondence analysis. As a method of recording data in the analysis of correspondence, the Burt matrix was used. The result of the statistical analysis was the identification of structural relationships between variables and objects (respondents). The results showed different behaviours related to housing conditions in Poland and Portugal. Polish students, due to the epidemiological situation, were mostly forced to change their place of residence, which was usually associated with returning to their family home. This trend was not observed for students in Portugal (median response: Housing had not been affected in any way by the pandemic).","PeriodicalId":315965,"journal":{"name":"Olsztyn Economic Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121507482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The customer is one of the most significant participants of economic processes. However, not all purchasing decisions that consumers make can be deemed as rational ones. The irrationality that accompanies consumers when shopping arises from the human psyche and personality, where conscious acts of making choices merge with external stimuli (e.g. manipulations employed by retail outlets). The basic aim of this study has been to determine the awareness of manipulative techniques used in shops among consumers, and then to try and evaluate their effectiveness. The study is an example of survey research and it used an online survey as a research tool. The study was participated by 194 respondents. The research results show that according to the respondents the manipulations most often used are: psychological pricing (‘odd prices’), promoting a product by offering some tangible benefits (enhancing the appeal of a product) and placing products near checkouts in order to induce impulse buying. As for the effectiveness of the analysed techniques, it coincides with their intensity. Apart from the ones mentioned above (manipulating prices, promoting sales and checkout zone), a proper and interesting arrangement of the shop’s layout is worth attention. The respondents declared that fragrance marketing was demonstrably less effective. Most respondents do not consider manipulations targeting the behaviour of clients as unethical actions. There were no distinctly negative attitudes to the applied manipulative techniques. Based on the survey results, it can be concluded that manipulations of customer behaviour in retail outlets are very common, if not standard actions. Customers understand how such manipulations work, are at least to some extent vulnerable to them and, most importantly, are satisfied with them. The respondents see manipulations in the context of benefits that can be gained rather than the costs they can incur.
{"title":"Customer Manipulation in a Retail Outlet and the Customer’s Purchasing Decisions","authors":"A. Rudzewicz, A. Kowalkowski","doi":"10.31648/oej.8218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31648/oej.8218","url":null,"abstract":"The customer is one of the most significant participants of economic processes. However, not all purchasing decisions that consumers make can be deemed as rational ones. The irrationality that accompanies consumers when shopping arises from the human psyche and personality, where conscious acts of making choices merge with external stimuli (e.g. manipulations employed by retail outlets). \u0000The basic aim of this study has been to determine the awareness of manipulative techniques used in shops among consumers, and then to try and evaluate their effectiveness. The study is an example of survey research and it used an online survey as a research tool. The study was participated by 194 respondents. \u0000The research results show that according to the respondents the manipulations most often used are: psychological pricing (‘odd prices’), promoting a product by offering some tangible benefits (enhancing the appeal of a product) and placing products near checkouts in order to induce impulse buying. \u0000As for the effectiveness of the analysed techniques, it coincides with their intensity. Apart from the ones mentioned above (manipulating prices, promoting sales and checkout zone), a proper and interesting arrangement of the shop’s layout is worth attention. The respondents declared that fragrance marketing was demonstrably less effective. \u0000Most respondents do not consider manipulations targeting the behaviour of clients as unethical actions. There were no distinctly negative attitudes to the applied manipulative techniques. Based on the survey results, it can be concluded that manipulations of customer behaviour in retail outlets are very common, if not standard actions. Customers understand how such manipulations work, are at least to some extent vulnerable to them and, most importantly, are satisfied with them. The respondents see manipulations in the context of benefits that can be gained rather than the costs they can incur.","PeriodicalId":315965,"journal":{"name":"Olsztyn Economic Journal","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114837002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this article is to analyse and assess the impact of globalisation processes in the context of migration mechanisms. The analysis is based on statistical data from International Organization for Migration (IOM), United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA), United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and Eurostat. Essentially, globalization consists of ongoing processes involving the flow of goods, information, capital, human resources and the development of transport and communication on an international scale. With advancing globalization processes, procedures applicable to the movement of human capital are simplified, and, at the same time, international migration intensifies. With respect to migration mechanisms, international agreements play an important role, as they establish rules for the movement of migrants across the borders of the state parties to particular agreements. The continually unfolding globalization processes in the 21st century indicate an increasingly evident trend whereby people from poor countries migrate to more affluent countries. Due to the high correlation between migration and socio-economic development, the issue of human capital transfer has become a matter of interest for international economic institutions, particularly where developing countries are concerned. Consequently, greater attention is focused on migration processes and their impact on the social and economic circumstances in particular countries.
{"title":"Globalization Processes and Migration Mechanisms","authors":"Anna Organiściak-Krzykowska, Kacper Sieciński","doi":"10.31648/oej.8229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31648/oej.8229","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this article is to analyse and assess the impact of globalisation processes in the context of migration mechanisms. The analysis is based on statistical data from International Organization for Migration (IOM), United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA), United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and Eurostat. Essentially, globalization consists of ongoing processes involving the flow of goods, information, capital, human resources and the development of transport and communication on an international scale. With advancing globalization processes, procedures applicable to the movement of human capital are simplified, and, at the same time, international migration intensifies. With respect to migration mechanisms, international agreements play an important role, as they establish rules for the movement of migrants across the borders of the state parties to particular agreements. The continually unfolding globalization processes in the 21st century indicate an increasingly evident trend whereby people from poor countries migrate to more affluent countries. Due to the high correlation between migration and socio-economic development, the issue of human capital transfer has become a matter of interest for international economic institutions, particularly where developing countries are concerned. Consequently, greater attention is focused on migration processes and their impact on the social and economic circumstances in particular countries.","PeriodicalId":315965,"journal":{"name":"Olsztyn Economic Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122043076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wojciech Tomasz Ozdarski, M. Witkowska-Dąbrowska, Ilisio Manuel De Jesus
The present study presents an estimation of the effectiveness of photovoltaic panels and a heat pump installation. The objective of the research was to evaluate the economic feasibility of investing in combined systems relying on renewable energy sources. The research results corroborated the first hypothesis, namely that the use of photovoltaic panels fully supplies the energy needs of the heat pump installed in the household. The other hypothesis, however, was not supported; namely that a combined investment in photovoltaic panels and a heat pumps will pay back in a period shorter than the half of the project’s lifetime. The period of financial return slightly exceeded the assumed time. This means that a combination of a heat pump and a photovoltaic installation is economically feasible, but some forms of support with external capital should be applied.
{"title":"Feasibility Study of the Use of Renewable Energy Sources in Households","authors":"Wojciech Tomasz Ozdarski, M. Witkowska-Dąbrowska, Ilisio Manuel De Jesus","doi":"10.31648/oej.8153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31648/oej.8153","url":null,"abstract":"The present study presents an estimation of the effectiveness of photovoltaic panels and a heat pump installation. The objective of the research was to evaluate the economic feasibility of investing in combined systems relying on renewable energy sources. The research results corroborated the first hypothesis, namely that the use of photovoltaic panels fully supplies the energy needs of the heat pump installed in the household. The other hypothesis, however, was not supported; namely that a combined investment in photovoltaic panels and a heat pumps will pay back in a period shorter than the half of the project’s lifetime. The period of financial return slightly exceeded the assumed time. This means that a combination of a heat pump and a photovoltaic installation is economically feasible, but some forms of support with external capital should be applied.","PeriodicalId":315965,"journal":{"name":"Olsztyn Economic Journal","volume":"141 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116365688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The work presents a complex analysis and cost accounting of beet sugar cultivation in the 2019/2020 campaign for individual farms of the Lublin region. About 119 farms were analyzed. On the basis of this analysis, the criteria for the model farm were defined, which were adapted for the calculation of sugar beet production costs. The economic results obtained by the producers are mainly affected by indirect costs accounting for 60.48% of the revenue from the total production. Within this group of costs, the major components are sowing service, harvest and soil liming operations reaching 39.26%. Sugar beet production in the analyzed campaign was profitable, with the profitability index 1.21 and unit production cost of 15.07 PLN/dt. Sugar beet growing is considered to be one out of profit-making activities, in agricultural production, yet it is characterized by the high production cost that gobbled up 82.48% of total revenue in the analyzed campaign of 2019/20.
{"title":"Profitability of Sugar Beet Crop in Campaign 2019/2020","authors":"Z. Krzysiak","doi":"10.31648/oej.8043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31648/oej.8043","url":null,"abstract":"The work presents a complex analysis and cost accounting of beet sugar cultivation in the 2019/2020 campaign for individual farms of the Lublin region. About 119 farms were analyzed. On the basis of this analysis, the criteria for the model farm were defined, which were adapted for the calculation of sugar beet production costs.\u0000The economic results obtained by the producers are mainly affected by indirect costs accounting for 60.48% of the revenue from the total production. Within this group of costs, the major components are sowing service, harvest and soil liming operations reaching 39.26%.\u0000Sugar beet production in the analyzed campaign was profitable, with the profitability index 1.21 and unit production cost of 15.07 PLN/dt. Sugar beet growing is considered to be one out of profit-making activities, in agricultural production, yet it is characterized by the high production cost that gobbled up 82.48% of total revenue in the analyzed campaign of 2019/20.","PeriodicalId":315965,"journal":{"name":"Olsztyn Economic Journal","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122568154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Janusz, Marcin Bogdański, W. Lizińska, M. Grzybowska-Brzezińska
This article presents the results of research on the knowledge and awareness of young adults related to making the first autonomous financial decisions, both in the short and long term. The survey was carried out during the project financed by the National Bank of Poland (NBP) for activities related to economic education. The project was carried out for 6 months (October 2021 – March 2022), and the surveyed sample included 458 young adults who were beneficiaries of the project and lived in the Warmia-Masuria Province in Poland. The aim of the article was to verify the knowledge and skills acquired during the project implementation based on the “after” self-assessment questionnaire together with a retrospective “before” assessment, being the basic tool for project evaluation. The results indicate the advisability of undertaking actions in the field of economic education in the face of the still unsatisfactory economic awareness observed especially among young people.
{"title":"Challenges in Economic Education in Poland","authors":"M. Janusz, Marcin Bogdański, W. Lizińska, M. Grzybowska-Brzezińska","doi":"10.31648/oej.8042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31648/oej.8042","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the results of research on the knowledge and awareness of young adults related to making the first autonomous financial decisions, both in the short and long term. The survey was carried out during the project financed by the National Bank of Poland (NBP) for activities related to economic education. The project was carried out for 6 months (October 2021 – March 2022), and the surveyed sample included 458 young adults who were beneficiaries of the project and lived in the Warmia-Masuria Province in Poland. The aim of the article was to verify the knowledge and skills acquired during the project implementation based on the “after” self-assessment questionnaire together with a retrospective “before” assessment, being the basic tool for project evaluation. The results indicate the advisability of undertaking actions in the field of economic education in the face of the still unsatisfactory economic awareness observed especially among young people.","PeriodicalId":315965,"journal":{"name":"Olsztyn Economic Journal","volume":"133 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127488622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this paper was to identify and evaluate the potential of using e-business models to shorten short supply chains in food trade made by farmers. The research was based on a diagnostic survey. The interviews were conducted with a previously elaborated questionnaire. 104 food producers from the Province of Warmia and Mazury (województwo warmińsko-mazurskie) took part in the study. E-business models make it possible to shorten food supply chains. Farmers who sell their produce through e-commerce can eliminate intermediaries from the supply chain or at least limit their number, using such e-commerce platforms as polskiebazarek.pl, olx.pl, allegro.pl. The research results indicate that the most popular e-business model among food producers was the market creator model.
{"title":"Use of (Selected) E-Business Models in the Agribusiness Sector to Shorten the Food Supply Chains","authors":"Emilia Bojkowska, Dariusz Ambroziński","doi":"10.31648/oej.8216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31648/oej.8216","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper was to identify and evaluate the potential of using e-business models to shorten short supply chains in food trade made by farmers. The research was based on a diagnostic survey. The interviews were conducted with a previously elaborated questionnaire. 104 food producers from the Province of Warmia and Mazury (województwo warmińsko-mazurskie) took part in the study. E-business models make it possible to shorten food supply chains. Farmers who sell their produce through e-commerce can eliminate intermediaries from the supply chain or at least limit their number, using such e-commerce platforms as polskiebazarek.pl, olx.pl, allegro.pl. The research results indicate that the most popular e-business model among food producers was the market creator model. ","PeriodicalId":315965,"journal":{"name":"Olsztyn Economic Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117354294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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