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SIGNIFICANCE OF INNOVATION FOR SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC AND AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA 创新对塞尔维亚共和国经济和农业可持续发展的意义
Pub Date : 2019-12-21 DOI: 10.22190/fueo1904389d
D. Despotović, L. Ristić, Miloš Dimitrijević
Since it is not enough just to achieve economic development, we should strive for sustainable development over a longer period and base it on innovation. It is an extremely important factor of economic and sustainable development. It is particularly important to innovate those economic activities that are crucial for sustainable development and where there are comparative advantages. Because of that, the aim of this paper is to prove that innovation is the key to success and achieving sustainable development. The cluster analysis has highlighted innovative leaders and learners. The Republic of Serbia is a country where agriculture is one of the most important economic activities. In terms of agricultural productivity, it not only lags behind innovative leaders, but also behind other countries of Southeast Europe, distinguished as innovative learners. In addition, in terms of innovation in agriculture, it significantly lags behind other economic activities at the national level, so that  special attention should be paid to this issue.
仅仅实现经济发展是不够的,我们应该争取更长期的可持续发展,并以创新为基础。它是经济和可持续发展的一个极其重要的因素。特别重要的是革新那些对可持续发展至关重要和具有相对优势的经济活动。正因为如此,本文的目的是证明创新是成功和实现可持续发展的关键。聚类分析突出了创新型领导者和学习者。塞尔维亚共和国是一个农业是最重要经济活动之一的国家。在农业生产力方面,它不仅落后于创新型领导者,而且落后于东南欧其他国家,被称为创新型学习者。此外,在农业创新方面,在国家层面上,它明显落后于其他经济活动,因此应该特别关注这个问题。
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引用次数: 2
POVERTY AS A HETEROGENEITY FACTOR IN EU COUNTRIES 贫困作为欧盟国家的异质性因素
Pub Date : 2019-12-21 DOI: 10.22190/fueo1904403j
Vesna Janković-Milić, V. Lepojević, J. Stanković
Measuring poverty is of utmost importance for any economy in order to look at the extent and causes of the vulnerability of the population, but also to formulate social and economic policy measures and measure their effects. The multidimensionality of poverty makes it difficult to quantify and measure it. The subject of research is the components of the AROPE (At risk of poverty and social exclusion) indicator in the countries of the European Union (EU). Using the cluster analysis, the EU countries were grouped into homogeneous units, after which the significance of the difference in the average values of the analyzed indicators was tested. Based on the obtained results, the hypothesis of pronounced heterogeneity of EU countries from the aspect of poverty was confirmed.
衡量贫穷对任何经济体都是极为重要的,以便了解人口易受伤害的程度和原因,而且还可以制定社会和经济政策措施并衡量其影响。贫困的多维性使其难以量化和衡量。研究的主题是欧洲联盟(欧盟)各国面临贫困和社会排斥风险指标的组成部分。利用聚类分析,将欧盟国家划分为同质单位,然后对分析指标平均值差异的显著性进行检验。在此基础上,验证了欧盟国家在贫困方面存在显著异质性的假设。
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引用次数: 1
CAUSALITY BETWEEN EXCHANGE RATES AND FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES: SERBIAN CASE 汇率与外汇储备之间的因果关系:塞尔维亚案例
Pub Date : 2019-12-21 DOI: 10.22190/fueo1904443m
I. Marjanović, M. Marković
The aim of this paper is to determine the relationship between the exchange rate (nominal and real) and foreign exchange reserves based on monthly data for the period from September 2006 to April 2019, using unit root tests and cointegration tests that take into account the possibility of structural break existence. The results of the causality test indicate that there is a long-term relationship between the nominal exchange rate and foreign exchange reserves. On the other hand, the existence of a long-term relationship between the real exchange rate and the foreign exchange reserves has not been confirmed, but there is a short-term causality, that is, the real exchange rate Granger-causes foreign exchange reserves.
本文的目的是根据2006年9月至2019年4月的月度数据,使用单位根检验和协整检验(考虑了结构性断裂存在的可能性),确定汇率(名义和实际)与外汇储备之间的关系。因果检验的结果表明,名义汇率与外汇储备之间存在着长期的关系。另一方面,实际汇率与外汇储备之间是否存在长期关系尚未得到证实,但存在短期因果关系,即实际汇率格兰杰导致外汇储备。
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引用次数: 1
FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC MODELS OF EDUCATIONAL SERVICES IN THE CONTEXT OF UKRAINE AND THE EU STANDARDS HARMONIZATION 乌克兰与欧盟标准协调背景下教育服务的财政和经济模式
Pub Date : 2019-12-21 DOI: 10.22190/fueo1904337s
L. Shulgina, M. Okręglicka
The article is focused on the need for a systematic approach to the harmonization of Ukrainian and the EU standards and the proposal to develop standards for training specialists in the relevant field in compliance with the standards on the level of qualifications and working conditions of teachers. The conflict between human rights for spiritual and physical development and the lack of opportunities for respecting these rights has been identified. It is proposed to resolve the specified conflict by introducing financial support for entrants. The starting positions of the formation of financial and economic models for providing/obtaining educational services have been outlined. The bases for the implementation of these models are: the strategy of innovative education development; the infrastructure for providing information support for decision-making; as well as the system of criteria for determining the appropriateness of the model selection. Regarding the feasibility of introducing financial and economic models for providing/obtaining educational services in Ukraine, what has been discussed, among others are: public, business, credit, self- and combined financing. The criteria for the selection expediency and the application of each model are justified.
这篇文章的重点是需要有系统地协调乌克兰和欧盟的标准,并建议根据教师资格水平和工作条件的标准制定有关领域的培训专家的标准。精神和身体发展的人权与缺乏尊重这些权利的机会之间的冲突已得到确认。建议通过引入对进入者的财政支持来解决特定的冲突。概述了提供/获得教育服务的财政和经济模式形成的起点。实施这些模式的基础是:创新教育发展战略;为决策提供信息支持的基础设施;以及系统的标准,以确定适当的模式选择。关于在乌克兰引进提供/获得教育服务的财政和经济模式的可行性,除其他外,讨论的内容包括:公共、商业、信贷、自我和联合融资。论证了各模型的选择便捷性和应用标准。
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引用次数: 0
THE RELATION BETWEEN MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES AND THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA: INCOME TAXATION CONTEXT 跨国公司与塞尔维亚共和国的关系:所得税背景
Pub Date : 2019-12-21 DOI: 10.22190/fueo1904415v
Stefan Vržina, Nenad Ž. Janković
Host countries, especially developing countries, often grant tax incentives in order to attract foreign capital of multinational companies (MNCs), expecting positive effects of foreign direct investments on their economic development. Also, there is an opinion dominant in the literature that MNCs have enough power to achieve considerable tax incentives in negotiations with host country. Considering that one MNC was granted considerable tax incentives from the Republic of Serbia (RS), the paper examines whether subsidiaries of MNCs have more favorable tax treatment of recorded income than domestic companies in the RS. Statistical analysis outcomes show that subsidiaries of MNCs do not have significantly lower income tax burden than domestic companies suggesting that tax incentives granted to MNCs from the RS are an exception rather than a rule. In addition, research showed that subsidiaries of MNCs primarily use tax incentives that are equally available to domestic companies, such as tax incentives for investment in fixed assets. Research results are robust to changes of income tax burden measures.
东道国,特别是发展中国家,为了吸引跨国公司的外国资本,往往给予税收优惠,期望外国直接投资对其经济发展产生积极影响。此外,文献中有一种占主导地位的观点认为,跨国公司有足够的权力在与东道国的谈判中获得相当大的税收优惠。考虑到一家跨国公司从塞尔维亚共和国(RS)获得了相当大的税收优惠,本文考察了跨国公司子公司在塞尔维亚共和国的记录收入是否比国内公司享有更优惠的税收待遇。统计分析结果表明,跨国公司子公司的所得税负担并不比国内公司低得多,这表明跨国公司从RS获得的税收优惠是一个例外,而不是规则。此外,研究表明,跨国公司的子公司主要使用国内公司同样可以获得的税收优惠,例如对固定资产投资的税收优惠。研究结果对所得税负担措施的变化具有稳健性。
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引用次数: 0
THE INVESTIGATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACT TYPES ON ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOUR 心理契约类型对组织公民行为影响的研究
Pub Date : 2019-12-21 DOI: 10.22190/fueo1904365s
I. Simic, B. Đorđević, S. Milanović
Organizational citizenship behaviour represents the behaviour of the employees that goes beyond their duties. This type of behaviour from the perspective of employer is very desirable since it produces many positive consequences regarding individual and the overall organizational performances. However, readiness of the employees to exert this type of behaviour is influenced by many factors. One of the most important is fulfilment of employees’ psychological contract. Since that there are two basic forms of contracts, relational and transactional, the aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between these types of psychological contract and organizational citizenship behaviour. For the purpose of testing proposed hypothesis, t-test, Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analysis were applied. The results showed that there is a positive relation and positive impact of relational psychological contract on the organizational citizenship behaviour, which was not the case when it was about the transactional contract.
组织公民行为是指员工超越职责范围的行为。从雇主的角度来看,这种行为是非常可取的,因为它对个人和整体组织绩效产生了许多积极的影响。然而,员工是否愿意采取这种行为受到许多因素的影响。其中最重要的是员工心理契约的履行。由于契约有两种基本形式:关系契约和交易契约,本文的目的是研究这两种心理契约与组织公民行为之间的关系。为了检验提出的假设,我们采用了t检验、Pearson相关和多元线性回归分析。结果表明:关系心理契约对组织公民行为有正向影响,而交易契约对组织公民行为无正向影响。
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引用次数: 0
NONPERFORMING LOANS AND FINANCIAL STABILITY – THE CASE OF SERBIA 不良贷款和金融稳定——以塞尔维亚为例
Pub Date : 2019-12-21 DOI: 10.22190/fueo1904349l
Velimir Lukić, Svetlana Popović, Irena Janković
This paper investigates resilience and stability of the Serbian banking sector in the light of deteriorated quality of its credit portfolio since the last world economic crisis. Nonperforming loans became a burning issue across Eastern European region. We used a set of indicators to appraise the magnitude of nonperforming loans’ burden to the banking sector’s soundness. Indicators verify that the Serbian banking sector was robust and solvent throughout crisis. Nonperforming loans were concentrated in nonfinancial corporations’ sector, while households sector performed much better, which influenced remedy measures undertaken. We carried out a comparison with peer countries and reviewed nonperforming loans resolution strategy implemented in Serbia. Our finding is that measures taken helped noticeably in reducing stock of nonperforming loans, with a caveat that reduction might have been too fast and too large so that bounce back effect cannot be excluded. Overall, financial stability has been preserved despite serious threats and without government financial aid.
鉴于自上一次世界经济危机以来塞尔维亚银行业信贷组合质量的恶化,本文调查了其弹性和稳定性。不良贷款成为整个东欧地区的一个热点问题。我们使用了一系列指标来评估不良贷款对银行业稳健性的负担。各项指标证实,塞尔维亚银行业在整个危机期间都是稳健和有偿付能力的。不良贷款集中在非金融公司部门,而家庭部门表现要好得多,这影响了采取的补救措施。我们与同行国家进行了比较,并审查了塞尔维亚实施的不良贷款解决策略。我们的发现是,所采取的措施明显有助于减少不良贷款存量,但需要注意的是,减少的速度可能太快、规模太大,因此不能排除反弹效应。总的来说,尽管面临严重威胁,而且没有政府的财政援助,金融稳定还是得到了维护。
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引用次数: 1
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EASE OF DOING BUSINESS INDICATORS AND THE FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT INFLOWS IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA 塞尔维亚共和国营商便利指标与外国直接投资流入之间的关系
Pub Date : 2019-11-22 DOI: 10.22190/fueo1903269j
Marko Janaćković, Marija Petrović-Ranđelović
Significance of easy of doing business indicators as determinants of FDI inflows has attracted attention in establishing their connections. The aim of the research is to examine the relationship between the ease of doing business indicators and foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows. Dynamic and correlation analysis are applied in the consideration of the interdependence of doing business indicators: Starting Business, Construction Permits, Getting Electricity, Registering Property, Getting credit, Paying taxes, Trading across borders, Enforcing contracts, and Resolving insolvency with FDI inflows. The obtained results show that Resolving insolvency and Construction Permits have the highest degree of agreement with FDI, while the negative agreement with FDI trends is shown by Getting Electricity, Registering Property, Getting Credit, and Enforcing contracts. The main results of this research are useful for economic policy makers because they provide a good basis for formulating the strategy of improving the business environment in the Republic of Serbia.
易营商指标作为外国直接投资流入的决定因素的重要性在建立它们之间的联系方面引起了人们的注意。本研究的目的是考察营商便利度指标与外国直接投资流入之间的关系。动态和相关性分析应用于考虑营商指标的相互依赖性:开办企业、建筑许可证、获得电力、登记财产、获得信贷、纳税、跨境贸易、执行合同以及通过FDI流入解决破产问题。所得结果表明,解决资不抵债和施工许可与FDI趋势的契合度最高,而获得电力、登记财产、获得信贷和执行合同与FDI趋势的契合度为负。这项研究的主要结果对经济决策者是有用的,因为它们为制定改善塞尔维亚共和国商业环境的战略提供了良好的基础。
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引用次数: 1
UPDATE OF THE CRAWL, WALK, RUN METHODOLOGY FRAMEWORK 更新爬、走、跑的方法论框架
Pub Date : 2019-11-22 DOI: 10.22190/fueo1903229f
J. Filipović
This study updated the Crawl, Walk, Run methodology framework (CWRM) for the current digital marketing circumstances, observed in the context of the artistic community in virtual space. Four main premises of CRWM have been considered in order to address the effectiveness of online campaigns based on the  laddering support through tiers of engagement (personal, social, advocating); empowering super users; providing source materials for user-generated content; and using tools people are familiar with. The analysis was performed on the data collected from the online community which has operated for 43 days. Data on the number of registered users, their interactions with web site content and showcased artworks were gathered. The specific online platform was created for the purpose of this research and the campaign for its promotion was conducted both in Serbia and globally. The materials for direct communications (email, instant messaging), social media promotion (social networks, blogs) and public relations (articles in online and traditional media) were created. CRWM was proved to be efficient framework for the establishment of online presence of the artistic community. However, we propose that social networks should be introduced in the stage three instead of in the stage four, due to the increase of their applications compared to the time when the CRWM was formulated. All activities once they start should be maintained and performed throughout the campaign lifetime. This study represents one of the first efforts aimed at updating of the CRWM theoretical framework and provides business community with hands-on solutions in modern digital marketing.
本研究针对当前的数字营销环境更新了爬行、行走、奔跑方法论框架(CWRM),并在虚拟空间中的艺术社区背景下进行了观察。考虑了CRWM的四个主要前提,以解决在线活动的有效性,该活动基于通过参与层次(个人、社会、倡导)的阶梯式支持;赋予超级用户权力;为用户生成的内容提供源材料;以及使用人们熟悉的工具。对从运营了43天的在线社区收集的数据进行了分析。收集了注册用户数量、他们与网站内容的互动以及展出艺术品的数据。专门的在线平台是为这项研究而创建的,其推广活动在塞尔维亚和全球范围内进行。创建了用于直接交流(电子邮件、即时消息)、社交媒体推广(社交网络、博客)和公共关系(在线和传统媒体文章)的材料。CRWM被证明是建立艺术社区在线存在的有效框架。然而,我们建议在第三阶段而不是第四阶段引入社交网络,因为与制定CRWM时相比,社交网络的应用有所增加。所有活动一开始就应在整个活动周期内进行维护和执行。这项研究代表了旨在更新CRWM理论框架的首批努力之一,并为企业界提供了现代数字营销的实践解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
WHY PAY MORE - WORLD EVIDENCE ON M&A BID PREMIUM DETERMINANTS 为什么出价更高——世界证据表明并购出价溢价的决定因素
Pub Date : 2019-11-22 DOI: 10.22190/fueo1903299z
M. Zivanovic, Nataša Džudović
Corporate mergers and acquisitions represent one of the most dynamic fields in the world of the business finance. These remarkably complex transactions success may vary depending on the economic and institutional environments in which the transactions are performed. This paper investigates the information content of the bid premium determined in the MA (2) current equity market trends (3) institutional environments and the degree of the economic development of the countries in which the transaction participants operate; and (4) selected payment method and motive for entering the transaction in regard to space and time dimensions of bid premium. Examining the sample of 783 merger and acquisition transactions at the global economy level, the research explores the importance and range of time and space determinants of bid premiums in M&A transactions. Our results confirm that bid premium carries significant information and that is highly dependent on the observed timeframe, i.e. we find evidence of information “leakage” prior to transaction announcement and sluggish adaptation to expected value creation due to market characteristics, level of economic development of countries in which M&As are operated and specific transaction characteristics such as payment method and motive for participating in such transaction. The paper shows that the results can often differ depending on whether the analysis includes dominant trends in the most important capital markets.
企业并购是商业金融领域中最具活力的领域之一。这些非常复杂的交易成功率可能因交易所处的经济和制度环境而异。本文研究了在MA中确定的投标溢价的信息内容(2)当前股票市场趋势(3)制度环境和交易参与者所在国家的经济发展程度;以及(4)关于出价溢价的空间和时间维度选择的支付方式和参与交易的动机。本研究以全球经济层面的783笔并购交易为样本,探讨了并购交易中出价溢价的时间和空间决定因素的重要性和范围。我们的研究结果证实,投标溢价携带了重要信息,这在很大程度上取决于观察到的时间框架,即我们发现了交易公告前信息“泄露”的证据,以及由于市场特征而对预期价值创造的缓慢适应,进行并购的国家的经济发展水平以及参与此类交易的支付方式和动机等具体交易特征。论文表明,根据分析是否包括最重要的资本市场的主导趋势,结果往往会有所不同。
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引用次数: 0
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Facta Universitatis Series Economics and Organization
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