The use of attractive toxic sugar baits (ATSB) is a novelty in vector and residential pest control. This study aims to determine the concentration of sugar bait that is able to attract the german cockroach Blattela germanica Linnaeus, and to determine the effectiveness of various types of toxic substances as an ATSB to control german cockroaches. This method is based on the behavior of adult insects that eat sugars from sources that contain toxic materials and will ultimately kill the insects. The types of toxic materials used in this study were inorganic insecticides (boric acid), pyrrole (chlorefenapir), neonicotinoids (dinotefuran), and pyrethroids (permethrin and deltamethrin). The results showed that an attractive sugar bait for german cockroach was 5% sucrose. ATSB with 25% boric acid toxic material caused 46.25% of cockroach mortality, and 0.12% chlorfenapir caused 70% of cockroach mortality 24 hours after treatment. Furthermore, ATSB with dinetofuran 0.08% and deltamethrin in various concentrations caused the highest cockroach mortality (100%), while permethrin caused cockroach mortality which was lower than ATSB with other toxic materials at the same time of observation. The conclusions of this study provide basic information about the use of ATSB and its potential in controlling the german cockroach in Indonesia.
{"title":"Pengendalian lipas jerman (Blattella germanica Linnaeus) dengan menggunakan attractive toxic sugar baits","authors":"F. Khairi, U. K. Hadi, Akhmad Arif Amin","doi":"10.5994/jei.20.1.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5994/jei.20.1.49","url":null,"abstract":"The use of attractive toxic sugar baits (ATSB) is a novelty in vector and residential pest control. This study aims to determine the concentration of sugar bait that is able to attract the german cockroach Blattela germanica Linnaeus, and to determine the effectiveness of various types of toxic substances as an ATSB to control german cockroaches. This method is based on the behavior of adult insects that eat sugars from sources that contain toxic materials and will ultimately kill the insects. The types of toxic materials used in this study were inorganic insecticides (boric acid), pyrrole (chlorefenapir), neonicotinoids (dinotefuran), and pyrethroids (permethrin and deltamethrin). The results showed that an attractive sugar bait for german cockroach was 5% sucrose. ATSB with 25% boric acid toxic material caused 46.25% of cockroach mortality, and 0.12% chlorfenapir caused 70% of cockroach mortality 24 hours after treatment. Furthermore, ATSB with dinetofuran 0.08% and deltamethrin in various concentrations caused the highest cockroach mortality (100%), while permethrin caused cockroach mortality which was lower than ATSB with other toxic materials at the same time of observation. The conclusions of this study provide basic information about the use of ATSB and its potential in controlling the german cockroach in Indonesia.","PeriodicalId":31609,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44532433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Putik Van Dini, N. Hariani, Sri Yusmalinar, E. Jane, I. Ahmad
This study aims to investigate changes in resistance to insecticides over a ten-year period in five strains of German cockroaches, Blattella germanica (Linnaeus), which had previously shown resistance to deltamethrin, propoxur, and fipronil in 2012. The five strains were reared in a laboratory without exposure to insecticides for ten years. In 2022, they were tested for resistance to the same insecticides using a topical application method. The resistance ratio (RR50) was calculated for each strain to determine the level of resistance to each insecticide. The study found that German cockroaches, initially resistant, became less resistant or even susceptible after being reared in a laboratory without insecticide exposure for over ten years. This decrease in resistance was observed in all strains, but the reduction pattern varied, apparently influenced by the type of insecticide. For instance, the MDN2 strain, which initially had a very high level of resistance (RR50: 1019.74 -fold) to deltamethrin, became susceptible (RR50: 1 -fold). Similarly, the ACH2 strain, initially classified as highly resistant to propoxur (RR50: 48.64 -fold), and the strain with high resistance (RR50: 12.21 -fold) to fipronil, both became susceptible. The study also discussed potential mechanisms for the decrease in resistance, including reduced frequency of resistance genes and fitness costs. The findings suggest that rearing German cockroaches in a laboratory without insecticide treatment can lead to a decrease in resistance to commonly used insecticides. These findings can be used to develop more effective methods for controlling German cockroaches.
本研究旨在调查德国小蠊(Blattella germanica (Linnaeus)) 5个品系在10年期间对杀虫剂的抗性变化，这些品系在2012年曾对溴氰菊酯、残杀威和氟虫腈产生抗性。这五种菌株在实验室中饲养了十年，没有接触杀虫剂。2022年，使用局部应用方法测试了它们对相同杀虫剂的抗性。计算抗性比(RR50)，确定各品系对各杀虫剂的抗性水平。该研究发现，最初具有抗药性的德国蟑螂，在没有杀虫剂的实验室中饲养了十多年后，抗药性变得不那么强，甚至变得易感。在所有品系中均观察到抗性下降，但下降模式不同，明显受杀虫剂类型的影响。例如，MDN2菌株最初对溴氰菊酯具有非常高的抗性(RR50: 1019.74倍)，但后来变得易感(RR50: 1倍)。同样，最初被分类为对残杀威高度耐药(RR50: 48.64倍)的ACH2菌株和对氟虫腈高度耐药(RR50: 12.21倍)的菌株都变得易感。该研究还讨论了抗性降低的潜在机制，包括抗性基因频率的降低和适应成本的降低。研究结果表明，在没有杀虫剂处理的实验室中饲养德国蟑螂可以导致对常用杀虫剂的抗性降低。这些发现可用于开发更有效的控制德国蜚蠊的方法。
{"title":"Decrease in the resistance level of Blattella germanica (Linnaeus) (Blattodea: Ectobiidae) to insecticides after being reared without selection pressure for ten years","authors":"Putik Van Dini, N. Hariani, Sri Yusmalinar, E. Jane, I. Ahmad","doi":"10.5994/jei.20.1.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5994/jei.20.1.40","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to investigate changes in resistance to insecticides over a ten-year period in five strains of German cockroaches, Blattella germanica (Linnaeus), which had previously shown resistance to deltamethrin, propoxur, and fipronil in 2012. The five strains were reared in a laboratory without exposure to insecticides for ten years. In 2022, they were tested for resistance to the same insecticides using a topical application method. The resistance ratio (RR50) was calculated for each strain to determine the level of resistance to each insecticide. The study found that German cockroaches, initially resistant, became less resistant or even susceptible after being reared in a laboratory without insecticide exposure for over ten years. This decrease in resistance was observed in all strains, but the reduction pattern varied, apparently influenced by the type of insecticide. For instance, the MDN2 strain, which initially had a very high level of resistance (RR50: 1019.74 -fold) to deltamethrin, became susceptible (RR50: 1 -fold). Similarly, the ACH2 strain, initially classified as highly resistant to propoxur (RR50: 48.64 -fold), and the strain with high resistance (RR50: 12.21 -fold) to fipronil, both became susceptible. The study also discussed potential mechanisms for the decrease in resistance, including reduced frequency of resistance genes and fitness costs. The findings suggest that rearing German cockroaches in a laboratory without insecticide treatment can lead to a decrease in resistance to commonly used insecticides. These findings can be used to develop more effective methods for controlling German cockroaches.","PeriodicalId":31609,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45592129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Desianty Dona Normalisa Sirait, M. C. Tobing, Irda Safni
Metarizhium anisopliae (Metsch.) is an entomopathogenic fungus that attacks Oryctes rhinoceros (Linnaeus). This fungus is one of the potential bioagents that is environmentally friendly. The purpose of this study was to isolate the fungus M. anisopliae from various oil palm plantation soil samples and to see its genetic diversity based on RAPD markers. The method used in this research is the morphological and the molecular identification of M. anisopliae (ITS), and genetic diversity testing using RAPD markers. Fifteen isolates of M. anisopliae isolated from 15 oil palm plantation sites in North Sumatra were examined for their molecular diversity. On the basis of morphological characteristics, all isolates were identified as M. anisopliae. The result of sequencing with the ITS primer showed that all isolates of M. anisopliae isolated from soil had a 85–99% homology of with M. anisopliae and M. brunneum reference strains from gen bank database National Center Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Eight RAPD primers generated 39 scorable bands which 38 (98,44%) of them were polymorphic. Clustering analysis was performed based on RAPD profiles using Neighbour-Joining Tree method that formed 3 groups. Key words: entomopathogenic fungi, genetic diversity, ITS sequencing, RAPD
{"title":"Keragaman genetik cendawan entomopatogen Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) berasal dari tanah pertanaman kelapa sawit berdasarkan penanda RAPD","authors":"Desianty Dona Normalisa Sirait, M. C. Tobing, Irda Safni","doi":"10.5994/jei.20.1.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5994/jei.20.1.22","url":null,"abstract":"Metarizhium anisopliae (Metsch.) is an entomopathogenic fungus that attacks Oryctes rhinoceros (Linnaeus). This fungus is one of the potential bioagents that is environmentally friendly. The purpose of this study was to isolate the fungus M. anisopliae from various oil palm plantation soil samples and to see its genetic diversity based on RAPD markers. The method used in this research is the morphological and the molecular identification of M. anisopliae (ITS), and genetic diversity testing using RAPD markers. Fifteen isolates of M. anisopliae isolated from 15 oil palm plantation sites in North Sumatra were examined for their molecular diversity. On the basis of morphological characteristics, all isolates were identified as M. anisopliae. The result of sequencing with the ITS primer showed that all isolates of M. anisopliae isolated from soil had a 85–99% homology of with M. anisopliae and M. brunneum reference strains from gen bank database National Center Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Eight RAPD primers generated 39 scorable bands which 38 (98,44%) of them were polymorphic. Clustering analysis was performed based on RAPD profiles using Neighbour-Joining Tree method that formed 3 groups. Key words: entomopathogenic fungi, genetic diversity, ITS sequencing, RAPD","PeriodicalId":31609,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47502013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Spodoptera frugiperda is an invasive pest from the American continent that attacks corn (Zea mays) and rapidly invaded Africa and Asia. Two main factors that support migration and population distribution of this species are suitable habitats and human activities. To date, two genetic strains of S. frugiperda have been found in corn in Indonesia: the corn strain (CS) and the rice strain (RS). The most accurate gene markers to detect these strains are COI and Tpi, which are located in mitochondria and Z chromosome. This study aims to determine the existing strains of S. frugiperda and their distribution in various landscapes in Bogor Regency. The research was conducted from July 2020 to December 2021 in Bogor, West Java. Sampling of S. fungiperda was carried out from corn plants in Leuwisadeng, Pamijahan1, Pamijahan2, Kemang, Tenjolaya, Dramaga, Cigombong, Cijeruk, Tamansari, and Ciomas. Larval samples were collected and preserved using 96% ethanol, followed by DNA extraction, DNA amplification, electrophoresis, and DNA sequencing. Distribution data were analyzedusing QGIS and Google Earth Pro programs, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22. Sequence data were edited using GeneStudio, aligned using ClustalW in BioEdit, and the phylogeny tree was reconstructed using the neighbor-joining method (bootstrap 1000x) using MEGA X. The obtained sequences were compared with sequences from the GenBank® database. The results showed the presence of two distinct strains of COI (COI-CSh4 and COI-RS) and one strain of Tpi (Tpi-C) in Bogor. The study found no relationship between thelandscape structure and genetic variation of S. frugiperda.
{"title":"Genetic variation of pest fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in different landscapes in Bogor","authors":"F. Fahmi, R. Y. M. Kusumah, D. Buchori","doi":"10.5994/jei.20.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5994/jei.20.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Spodoptera frugiperda is an invasive pest from the American continent that attacks corn (Zea mays) and rapidly invaded Africa and Asia. Two main factors that support migration and population distribution of this species are suitable habitats and human activities. To date, two genetic strains of S. frugiperda have been found in corn in Indonesia: the corn strain (CS) and the rice strain (RS). The most accurate gene markers to detect these strains are COI and Tpi, which are located in mitochondria and Z chromosome. This study aims to determine the existing strains of S. frugiperda and their distribution in various landscapes in Bogor Regency. The research was conducted from July 2020 to December 2021 in Bogor, West Java. Sampling of S. fungiperda was carried out from corn plants in Leuwisadeng, Pamijahan1, Pamijahan2, Kemang, Tenjolaya, Dramaga, Cigombong, Cijeruk, Tamansari, and Ciomas. Larval samples were collected and preserved using 96% ethanol, followed by DNA extraction, DNA amplification, electrophoresis, and DNA sequencing. Distribution data were analyzedusing QGIS and Google Earth Pro programs, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22. Sequence data were edited using GeneStudio, aligned using ClustalW in BioEdit, and the phylogeny tree was reconstructed using the neighbor-joining method (bootstrap 1000x) using MEGA X. The obtained sequences were compared with sequences from the GenBank® database. The results showed the presence of two distinct strains of COI (COI-CSh4 and COI-RS) and one strain of Tpi (Tpi-C) in Bogor. The study found no relationship between thelandscape structure and genetic variation of S. frugiperda.","PeriodicalId":31609,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45636770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Butterflies are a group of insects with high species diversity and are closely related to environmental factors that affect their presence and abundance in a habitat. This study aimed to analyze the diversity and abundance of butterfly populations in PPKA Bodogol, Sukabumi, West Java. Observation of butterflies was carried out using a 700 m long transect method using a camera and sweeping nets along the existing paths in two locations, namely heterogeneous forest and homogeneous forest. Butterfly observations were carried out from 08.00–12.00 in the morning. Based on the research results, 78 species (261 individuals) were found in heterogeneous forests, and 39 species (158 individuals) in homogeneous forests, which belong to 5 families, namely Lycaenidae, Nymphalidae, Papilionidae, Pieridae, and Rionidae. The Nymphalidae is a family that has the highest number of species and individuals compared to other families. The butterfly diversity index in heterogeneous forests was the highest, whereas in homogeneous forests was moderate. The similarity value of butterfly composition is <50%, which means that the composition of butterflies found in the two habitats is not the same. The diversity index of butterflies in heterogeneous forests was higher than in homogeneous forests. There was no significant difference from the Hutchinson test. Species evenness index values in the two habitats showed almost the same value, 0.9 in heterogeneous forests and 0.8 in homogeneous forest. The existence, diversity, and abundance of butterflies in a habitat are closely related to the type of habitat and the abiotic and biotic elements present in it.
{"title":"Keanekaragaman kupu-kupu (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) di Kawasan Pusat Pendidikan Konservasi Alam Bodogol, Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango, Jawa Barat","authors":"Hasni Ruslan, Abda’u Satiyo, Yenisbar Yenisbar","doi":"10.5994/jei.20.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5994/jei.20.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"Butterflies are a group of insects with high species diversity and are closely related to environmental factors that affect their presence and abundance in a habitat. This study aimed to analyze the diversity and abundance of butterfly populations in PPKA Bodogol, Sukabumi, West Java. Observation of butterflies was carried out using a 700 m long transect method using a camera and sweeping nets along the existing paths in two locations, namely heterogeneous forest and homogeneous forest. Butterfly observations were carried out from 08.00–12.00 in the morning. Based on the research results, 78 species (261 individuals) were found in heterogeneous forests, and 39 species (158 individuals) in homogeneous forests, which belong to 5 families, namely Lycaenidae, Nymphalidae, Papilionidae, Pieridae, and Rionidae. The Nymphalidae is a family that has the highest number of species and individuals compared to other families. The butterfly diversity index in heterogeneous forests was the highest, whereas in homogeneous forests was moderate. The similarity value of butterfly composition is <50%, which means that the composition of butterflies found in the two habitats is not the same. The diversity index of butterflies in heterogeneous forests was higher than in homogeneous forests. There was no significant difference from the Hutchinson test. Species evenness index values in the two habitats showed almost the same value, 0.9 in heterogeneous forests and 0.8 in homogeneous forest. The existence, diversity, and abundance of butterflies in a habitat are closely related to the type of habitat and the abiotic and biotic elements present in it.","PeriodicalId":31609,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45282315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amanda Mawan, R. Nazarreta, Kasmiatun Kasmiatun, B. Istiaji, P. Hidayat, D. Buchori
Insect populations have declined significantly over the last few decades. Anthropogenic factors such as deforestation, land-use change, climate change, and pesticides play a major role in insect population decline. In addition to those factors, insects also face challenges from air, noise, and light pollution derived from human activities. Light pollution in the form of artificial light at night (ALAN) is generally known to be one of the factors driving insect declines but it has rarely been studied in Indonesia. In this literature review, we collected empirical evidence from previous studies to provide a comprehensive report on the impact of ALAN on insects. Most studies demonstrate a decline in insect populations in areas with high ALAN intensity, such as urban areas. Furthermore, ALAN was reported to disrupt insect visual systems, which results in disturbances to predator avoidance and foraging movements. Until now, most work related to artificial light in Indonesia have focused on light as a method of controlling pests. Hence, studies related to artificial light as a pollutant are urgently needed to increase our understanding of the effects of ALAN on the survival of organisms, especially insects. Future research must seek suitable solutions to create environmentally and ecologically friendly conditions for various organisms, especially those susceptible to the negative effects of light, such as insects.
{"title":"Pengaruh cahaya artifisial di malam hari (artificial light at night-ALAN) terhadap serangga","authors":"Amanda Mawan, R. Nazarreta, Kasmiatun Kasmiatun, B. Istiaji, P. Hidayat, D. Buchori","doi":"10.5994/jei.19.3.255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5994/jei.19.3.255","url":null,"abstract":"Insect populations have declined significantly over the last few decades. Anthropogenic factors such as deforestation, land-use change, climate change, and pesticides play a major role in insect population decline. In addition to those factors, insects also face challenges from air, noise, and light pollution derived from human activities. Light pollution in the form of artificial light at night (ALAN) is generally known to be one of the factors driving insect declines but it has rarely been studied in Indonesia. In this literature review, we collected empirical evidence from previous studies to provide a comprehensive report on the impact of ALAN on insects. Most studies demonstrate a decline in insect populations in areas with high ALAN intensity, such as urban areas. Furthermore, ALAN was reported to disrupt insect visual systems, which results in disturbances to predator avoidance and foraging movements. Until now, most work related to artificial light in Indonesia have focused on light as a method of controlling pests. Hence, studies related to artificial light as a pollutant are urgently needed to increase our understanding of the effects of ALAN on the survival of organisms, especially insects. Future research must seek suitable solutions to create environmentally and ecologically friendly conditions for various organisms, especially those susceptible to the negative effects of light, such as insects.","PeriodicalId":31609,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43386479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Mubin, Mohammad Riza Krisnadi, T. Santoso, F. Kurniawati
The greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus)) is one of Asia’s most essential pests in honey beekeeping. Apart from being a pest, G. mellonella was also used as a test insect in several business fields. The needs of the population of G. mellonella encourage several areas of the business to cultivate it practically and economically. This study aimed to determine and examine the composition of food ingredients as an artificial diet that can affect the growth and development of G. mellonella. The test consisted of four different feed-modified formulas, namely P1 (corn flour, wheat, glycerol, and yeast), P2 (rice flour, wheat flour, wheat bran, glycerol, and yeast), P3 (wheat flour, wheat, glycerol, and yeast), and P4 (brown rice, glycerol, and yeast). The observation criteria were life cycle, mortality rate, fecundity, and egg fertility of the G. mellonella moth. Based on the study’s results, the life cycle development of G. mellonella was the shortest in the P3 treatment (71.5 ± 5.2 days) and the longest P4 treatment (84.2 ± 8.3 days). The highest mortality rate was in the P3 feed type at 13.12%, while the lowest occurred in the P4 treatment at 4.44%. Based on the fecundity of female imago, treatment P4 had the highest fecundity level of 527.7 eggs/female, while treatment P1 was the lowest (169.6 eggs/female). P4 treatment responded best to several biological aspects of the G. mellonella moth, such as larger body size, lower mortality, and high fecundity rates.
{"title":"Biologi ngengat Galleria mellonella (Linn.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) pada beberapa jenis pakan buatan","authors":"N. Mubin, Mohammad Riza Krisnadi, T. Santoso, F. Kurniawati","doi":"10.5994/jei.19.3.243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5994/jei.19.3.243","url":null,"abstract":"The greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus)) is one of Asia’s most essential pests in honey beekeeping. Apart from being a pest, G. mellonella was also used as a test insect in several business fields. The needs of the population of G. mellonella encourage several areas of the business to cultivate it practically and economically. This study aimed to determine and examine the composition of food ingredients as an artificial diet that can affect the growth and development of G. mellonella. The test consisted of four different feed-modified formulas, namely P1 (corn flour, wheat, glycerol, and yeast), P2 (rice flour, wheat flour, wheat bran, glycerol, and yeast), P3 (wheat flour, wheat, glycerol, and yeast), and P4 (brown rice, glycerol, and yeast). The observation criteria were life cycle, mortality rate, fecundity, and egg fertility of the G. mellonella moth. Based on the study’s results, the life cycle development of G. mellonella was the shortest in the P3 treatment (71.5 ± 5.2 days) and the longest P4 treatment (84.2 ± 8.3 days). The highest mortality rate was in the P3 feed type at 13.12%, while the lowest occurred in the P4 treatment at 4.44%. Based on the fecundity of female imago, treatment P4 had the highest fecundity level of 527.7 eggs/female, while treatment P1 was the lowest (169.6 eggs/female). P4 treatment responded best to several biological aspects of the G. mellonella moth, such as larger body size, lower mortality, and high fecundity rates.","PeriodicalId":31609,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42118548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hasriyanty Hasriyanty, A. Anshary, S. Saleh, M. Yunus, Flora Pasaru
Human activities may influence the diversity of aquatic insects in rivers. This study aims to assess the diversity of aquatic insects and their relation with mercury levels and water quality along rivers located near the gold mine in Poboya, Central Sulawesi. The insects were collected at six locations based on human activity levels. At each site, the mercury level of water was measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). In addition, water temperature, acidity, dissolved oxygen, and total dissolved solids were determined. The study recorded 23 species of aquatic insects belonging to 7 orders and 14 families. Mercury levels in the rivers did not exceed the threshold except at two sites and did not affect aquatic insects’ diversity. The diversity of aquatic insects, however, tends to decrease downstream. The diversity of aquatic insects, particularly the Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera orders, tended to be higher at the higher dissolved oxygen sites.
{"title":"The diversity of aquatic insects surrounding the gold mining areas of central sulawesi and their relation with mercury levels and water quality","authors":"Hasriyanty Hasriyanty, A. Anshary, S. Saleh, M. Yunus, Flora Pasaru","doi":"10.5994/jei.19.3.235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5994/jei.19.3.235","url":null,"abstract":"Human activities may influence the diversity of aquatic insects in rivers. This study aims to assess the diversity of aquatic insects and their relation with mercury levels and water quality along rivers located near the gold mine in Poboya, Central Sulawesi. The insects were collected at six locations based on human activity levels. At each site, the mercury level of water was measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). In addition, water temperature, acidity, dissolved oxygen, and total dissolved solids were determined. The study recorded 23 species of aquatic insects belonging to 7 orders and 14 families. Mercury levels in the rivers did not exceed the threshold except at two sites and did not affect aquatic insects’ diversity. The diversity of aquatic insects, however, tends to decrease downstream. The diversity of aquatic insects, particularly the Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera orders, tended to be higher at the higher dissolved oxygen sites.","PeriodicalId":31609,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41786023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The beetle Tenebrio molitor L. has potential as a plastic decomposer. Plastic can also be degraded by exposure to sunlight. The aim of this research was to determine the feeding behavior and biological responses of T. molitor exposed to various type of plastics. Seven types of plastics, namely bioplastics (Bio), expanded styrofoam (EPS), oxo-biodegradable (Oxo), three plastics Bio-P, EPS-P, Oxo-P that had been exposed to sunlight, and controls contained a mixed pollard-carrots slices were tested on four days-old of adult T. molitor. The choice feeding method was carried out at day and night by releasing 200 and 300 beetles in the middle of a ±15 cm diameter petri dish divided into 7 radial spaces, and their movement were observed within 24 hours. The forced feeding method for observing biological responses was carried out by releasing 10 male and female beetles in a petri dish as described above. The results showed that around 32–39% of the beetle population visited most of the pollard feed. In the feed treatment without pollard, 20% of the beetles chose EPS, EPS-P and Bio. Beetles survived 23 and 40 days on Bio and Bio-P feed, respectively. Egg production by the beetles exposed to the Bio and Bio-P diets was 2 and 3 eggs/female/10 days. Around 85% of pollard feed consumed contributed to 5% of body weight gain. About 58–64% of Bio, Bio-P, EPS, EPS-P and 6–12% Oxo, Oxo-P feeds were successfully consumed. The decrease in its body weight occurred in all plastic feed treatments ranging from 13–28%.
{"title":"Perilaku pemilihan pakan plastik dan respons biologi imago kumbang Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)","authors":"Choirul Mahdianto, Damayanti Buchori, E. S. Ratna","doi":"10.5994/jei.19.3.223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5994/jei.19.3.223","url":null,"abstract":"The beetle Tenebrio molitor L. has potential as a plastic decomposer. Plastic can also be degraded by exposure to sunlight. The aim of this research was to determine the feeding behavior and biological responses of T. molitor exposed to various type of plastics. Seven types of plastics, namely bioplastics (Bio), expanded styrofoam (EPS), oxo-biodegradable (Oxo), three plastics Bio-P, EPS-P, Oxo-P that had been exposed to sunlight, and controls contained a mixed pollard-carrots slices were tested on four days-old of adult T. molitor. The choice feeding method was carried out at day and night by releasing 200 and 300 beetles in the middle of a ±15 cm diameter petri dish divided into 7 radial spaces, and their movement were observed within 24 hours. The forced feeding method for observing biological responses was carried out by releasing 10 male and female beetles in a petri dish as described above. The results showed that around 32–39% of the beetle population visited most of the pollard feed. In the feed treatment without pollard, 20% of the beetles chose EPS, EPS-P and Bio. Beetles survived 23 and 40 days on Bio and Bio-P feed, respectively. Egg production by the beetles exposed to the Bio and Bio-P diets was 2 and 3 eggs/female/10 days. Around 85% of pollard feed consumed contributed to 5% of body weight gain. About 58–64% of Bio, Bio-P, EPS, EPS-P and 6–12% Oxo, Oxo-P feeds were successfully consumed. The decrease in its body weight occurred in all plastic feed treatments ranging from 13–28%.","PeriodicalId":31609,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41459004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Tarigan, Susilawati Barus, R. Hutabarat, Perdinanta Sembiring, Dorkas Parhusip, B. K. Udiarto, Dewi Sartika Aryani
Pollinating insects act as agents for transferring pollen to the pistil that leads to the increase of quality seed production. Since carrot is propagation through seed, insect pollination are important in the reproduction of the crop. The purpose of this study was to observe the diversity and activity of pollinating insects on carrot flowers in the Experimental Garden of the Agricultural Technology Research and Assessment Installation (IP2TP) Berastagi. Scan sampling method was applied to record the pollinator diversity, while the foraging behaviour of the insects was observed using focal sampling. The number of insects were recorded, collected and preserved in ethanol 70%. Insect identification guideline book was used to identify the insects by comparing their morphology and physiology. The results showed that there were 8 insect species visiting the carrot flowers: Amegilla sp., Polyrachis sp., Coccinella sp., Rhagonycha sp., Muscidae sp., Chrysomya sp., Nephrotoma sp. and Tabanus sp. Amegilla sp. was found to have the highest intensity visiting the carrot flowers (21.6 ± 10.06)% while the lowest was demonstrated by Polyrachis sp. (12.6 ± 4.12)%. Also, Amegilla sp. was recorded to be the most active insect (11.84 ± 1.46 seconds/flower) with the number of flowers visited was 5,06 ± 1,46 flowers/minute. Polyrachis sp. has been revealed to have the longest stay on the flowers visited (49.24 ± 3.89 seconds/flower) with the number of flowers visited 1.21 ± 3.90 flowers/minute. The diversity of pollinating insect was found to be in intermediate level (H’ = 1.89).
{"title":"Keanekaragaman dan aktivitas serangga pengunjung pada bunga wortel","authors":"R. Tarigan, Susilawati Barus, R. Hutabarat, Perdinanta Sembiring, Dorkas Parhusip, B. K. Udiarto, Dewi Sartika Aryani","doi":"10.5994/jei.19.3.214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5994/jei.19.3.214","url":null,"abstract":"Pollinating insects act as agents for transferring pollen to the pistil that leads to the increase of quality seed production. Since carrot is propagation through seed, insect pollination are important in the reproduction of the crop. The purpose of this study was to observe the diversity and activity of pollinating insects on carrot flowers in the Experimental Garden of the Agricultural Technology Research and Assessment Installation (IP2TP) Berastagi. Scan sampling method was applied to record the pollinator diversity, while the foraging behaviour of the insects was observed using focal sampling. The number of insects were recorded, collected and preserved in ethanol 70%. Insect identification guideline book was used to identify the insects by comparing their morphology and physiology. The results showed that there were 8 insect species visiting the carrot flowers: Amegilla sp., Polyrachis sp., Coccinella sp., Rhagonycha sp., Muscidae sp., Chrysomya sp., Nephrotoma sp. and Tabanus sp. Amegilla sp. was found to have the highest intensity visiting the carrot flowers (21.6 ± 10.06)% while the lowest was demonstrated by Polyrachis sp. (12.6 ± 4.12)%. Also, Amegilla sp. was recorded to be the most active insect (11.84 ± 1.46 seconds/flower) with the number of flowers visited was 5,06 ± 1,46 flowers/minute. Polyrachis sp. has been revealed to have the longest stay on the flowers visited (49.24 ± 3.89 seconds/flower) with the number of flowers visited 1.21 ± 3.90 flowers/minute. The diversity of pollinating insect was found to be in intermediate level (H’ = 1.89).","PeriodicalId":31609,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46261230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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