Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) is one of the major, common, pests of stored grains as it causes quantitative and qualitative losses in legume crops. This research sought to find the most active fraction in Mentha piperita and Syzygium aromaticum essential oils, to evaluate bioactivity of those crude essential oils and active fractions against C. maculatus, and to identify the compounds contained in the active fraction. The essential oils were fractionated using three solvents, namely n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The n-hexane fraction was identified as the active fraction, causing mortality, oviposition deterrence, and ovicidal effects. In fumigation chambers, LD95 values of M. piperita (Mnf) and S. aromaticum n-hexane fractions (Snf) were 0.045 ml/l and 0.057 ml/l respectively. ED50 values for oviposition deterrence were 0.016 ml/l for Mnf and 0.022 ml/l for Snf. ED50 value of ovicidal effects for Mnf- and Snf-treated eggs were 0.014 ml/l for both fractions. GC-MS analysis showed 8 dominant compounds in Mnf and 5 dominant compounds in Snf. Overall it is concluded that Mnf and Snf oils have effective biological activities against stored pest C. maculatus and have potential to be considered as alternatives to synthetic insecticides.
{"title":"Biological activities and chemical composition of Mentha piperita and Syzygium aromaticum essential oil fractions against cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)","authors":"Kay Khine Myint, I. Harahap, D. Dadang","doi":"10.5994/jei.18.3.182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5994/jei.18.3.182","url":null,"abstract":"Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) is one of the major, common, pests of stored grains as it causes quantitative and qualitative losses in legume crops. This research sought to find the most active fraction in Mentha piperita and Syzygium aromaticum essential oils, to evaluate bioactivity of those crude essential oils and active fractions against C. maculatus, and to identify the compounds contained in the active fraction. The essential oils were fractionated using three solvents, namely n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The n-hexane fraction was identified as the active fraction, causing mortality, oviposition deterrence, and ovicidal effects. In fumigation chambers, LD95 values of M. piperita (Mnf) and S. aromaticum n-hexane fractions (Snf) were 0.045 ml/l and 0.057 ml/l respectively. ED50 values for oviposition deterrence were 0.016 ml/l for Mnf and 0.022 ml/l for Snf. ED50 value of ovicidal effects for Mnf- and Snf-treated eggs were 0.014 ml/l for both fractions. GC-MS analysis showed 8 dominant compounds in Mnf and 5 dominant compounds in Snf. Overall it is concluded that Mnf and Snf oils have effective biological activities against stored pest C. maculatus and have potential to be considered as alternatives to synthetic insecticides.","PeriodicalId":31609,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46537964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. A. W. Asnan, Sri Widayanti Widayanti, I. Harahap, Herni Widhisatuti
Indonesia has seen an increase and widespread reports of resistance among stored-product insect pests to phosphine. The use of Syzigium aromaticum (clove oil) as an alternative fumigant may be a useful strategy to control infestation by phosphine-resistant varieties of stored-product insects. The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of whole (unfractionated) clove oil as well as its component fractions as a fumigant and repellent against the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)), and to develop a simple fumigant formulation for this purpose. The experimental design used to test the effectiveness of clove oil and its fractionation was a completely randomized design (CRD). Meanwhile, testing the effectiveness of tablet formulations was carried out by factorial CRD. Fumigation test results gave LD50 and LD95 values of 0.234 and 1.142 ml/l respectively, for crude clove oil used in a fumigation chamber against T. castaneum. An n-hexane fraction of clove oil tested under the same conditions was more lethal, causing 95% mortality of T. castaneum at the dose of 0.801 ml/l during fumigation. Finally, tablets containing a set proportion of clove oil and naphthalene (1:1) reached LD91 against T. castaneum after 7 days’ fumigation.
{"title":"The effectiveness of clove oil, its fractions, and clove oil-based fumigant tablet formulations, against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)","authors":"T. A. W. Asnan, Sri Widayanti Widayanti, I. Harahap, Herni Widhisatuti","doi":"10.5994/jei.18.3.191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5994/jei.18.3.191","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesia has seen an increase and widespread reports of resistance among stored-product insect pests to phosphine. The use of Syzigium aromaticum (clove oil) as an alternative fumigant may be a useful strategy to control infestation by phosphine-resistant varieties of stored-product insects. The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of whole (unfractionated) clove oil as well as its component fractions as a fumigant and repellent against the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)), and to develop a simple fumigant formulation for this purpose. The experimental design used to test the effectiveness of clove oil and its fractionation was a completely randomized design (CRD). Meanwhile, testing the effectiveness of tablet formulations was carried out by factorial CRD. Fumigation test results gave LD50 and LD95 values of 0.234 and 1.142 ml/l respectively, for crude clove oil used in a fumigation chamber against T. castaneum. An n-hexane fraction of clove oil tested under the same conditions was more lethal, causing 95% mortality of T. castaneum at the dose of 0.801 ml/l during fumigation. Finally, tablets containing a set proportion of clove oil and naphthalene (1:1) reached LD91 against T. castaneum after 7 days’ fumigation.","PeriodicalId":31609,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47575411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Citrus is one of the most important fruit crops in Indonesia. One of the main problems in citrus production is mite infestation. Many mite species were reported attacking citrus around the world. This study was aimed to identify mites and describe the main characters of various species of mites on citrus in Java, Indonesia. Sampling was carried out at the location of citrus plantations and citrus plants in the yard of the house which was carried out purposively. In a large planting area, sampling was carried out on 10 citrus trees that showed symptoms of mite attack. The identification process is carried out by a mounting process to obtain specimens that can be observed under a compound microscope using PVA. Eight species of mites were collected from 8 various of citrus from 15 location. Six mites species were identified as phytophagous, i.e., Panonychus citri McGregor, Eotetranychus sp., Eutetranychus sp. (Family Tetranychidae), Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) (Family Tenuipalpidae), Tarsonemus bilobatus Suski (Family Tarsonemidae), and Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ashmead) (Family Eriophyidae). Meanwhile, the other two species, Amblyseius sp. (Family Phytoseiidae) and Cheletogenes ornatus (Canestrini & Fanzago) (Family Cheyletidae) were predators. Unidentified mites were Family Tydeidae and Winterschmidtiidae. According to Regulation No. 31 of 2018, P. citri and Ph. oleivora are quarantine pest. T. bilobatus is firstly reported in Indonesia.
{"title":"Laporan baru tungau Tarsonemus bilobatus Suski dan karakter utama tungau lain pada daun tanaman jeruk di Pulau Jawa, Indonesia","authors":"Hendri Hermawan, Sugeng Santoso, Aunu Rauf","doi":"10.5994/jei.18.2.140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5994/jei.18.2.140","url":null,"abstract":"Citrus is one of the most important fruit crops in Indonesia. One of the main problems in citrus production is mite infestation. Many mite species were reported attacking citrus around the world. This study was aimed to identify mites and describe the main characters of various species of mites on citrus in Java, Indonesia. Sampling was carried out at the location of citrus plantations and citrus plants in the yard of the house which was carried out purposively. In a large planting area, sampling was carried out on 10 citrus trees that showed symptoms of mite attack. The identification process is carried out by a mounting process to obtain specimens that can be observed under a compound microscope using PVA. Eight species of mites were collected from 8 various of citrus from 15 location. Six mites species were identified as phytophagous, i.e., Panonychus citri McGregor, Eotetranychus sp., Eutetranychus sp. (Family Tetranychidae), Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) (Family Tenuipalpidae), Tarsonemus bilobatus Suski (Family Tarsonemidae), and Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ashmead) (Family Eriophyidae). Meanwhile, the other two species, Amblyseius sp. (Family Phytoseiidae) and Cheletogenes ornatus (Canestrini & Fanzago) (Family Cheyletidae) were predators. Unidentified mites were Family Tydeidae and Winterschmidtiidae. According to Regulation No. 31 of 2018, P. citri and Ph. oleivora are quarantine pest. T. bilobatus is firstly reported in Indonesia.","PeriodicalId":31609,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47955210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rosi Fitri Ramadani, R. Raffiudin, N. S. Ariyanti, S. Biagioni, E. Treanore, H. Behling
Land transformation in the tropical rainforests to monoculture plantations leads to biodiversity loss and abiotic change. In the oil palm and rubber plantations of Sumatra, we explored the foraging behavior of stingless bees Lepidotrigona terminata, Sundatrigona moorei, and Tetragonula drescheri. Pollen was collected from bees returning to the nest to investigate the floral resources collected by bees inside and outside research plots from both types of plantations. Foraging behavior in both plantations showed an increase in the number of individuals returning to the nest with pollen as the morning progressed, followed by a gradual decrease in the afternoon. The foraging behavior of each stingless bee species was influenced by different environmental factors. While the activity of S. moorei was positively correlated with humidity, the activity of L. terminate was negatively correlated with temperature. We found that a single pollen load was dominated by a single plant taxon in all bee species in both plantations. All pollen collected in the rubber plantation was from Hevea brasiliensis, suggests that rubber is a potential pollen resource. However, in the oil palm plantation, Asteraceae pollen was the dominant taxon collected by both L. terminata and S. moorei. The comparison to the plant inventories in the plots suggests that almost half of the pollen collected by these two species in the oil palm hives was from outside the plantations, probably in forested patches and surrounding gardens. Finally, based on multivariate analyses, we found no competition for these floral resources between L. terminata and S. moorei.
{"title":"Stingless bee foraging behavior and pollen resource use in oil palm and rubber plantations in Sumatra","authors":"Rosi Fitri Ramadani, R. Raffiudin, N. S. Ariyanti, S. Biagioni, E. Treanore, H. Behling","doi":"10.5994/jei.18.2.81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5994/jei.18.2.81","url":null,"abstract":"Land transformation in the tropical rainforests to monoculture plantations leads to biodiversity loss and abiotic change. In the oil palm and rubber plantations of Sumatra, we explored the foraging behavior of stingless bees Lepidotrigona terminata, Sundatrigona moorei, and Tetragonula drescheri. Pollen was collected from bees returning to the nest to investigate the floral resources collected by bees inside and outside research plots from both types of plantations. Foraging behavior in both plantations showed an increase in the number of individuals returning to the nest with pollen as the morning progressed, followed by a gradual decrease in the afternoon. The foraging behavior of each stingless bee species was influenced by different environmental factors. While the activity of S. moorei was positively correlated with humidity, the activity of L. terminate was negatively correlated with temperature. We found that a single pollen load was dominated by a single plant taxon in all bee species in both plantations. All pollen collected in the rubber plantation was from Hevea brasiliensis, suggests that rubber is a potential pollen resource. However, in the oil palm plantation, Asteraceae pollen was the dominant taxon collected by both L. terminata and S. moorei. The comparison to the plant inventories in the plots suggests that almost half of the pollen collected by these two species in the oil palm hives was from outside the plantations, probably in forested patches and surrounding gardens. Finally, based on multivariate analyses, we found no competition for these floral resources between L. terminata and S. moorei.","PeriodicalId":31609,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71244560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agustinus Susanto, Agus Dana Permana, Srimurni Hartati, Tohidin Tohidin, Desy Natalia Br. Saragih
Fruit fly Bactrocera spp. is one of important pests in chili pepper. The use of methyl eugenol (ME) block plus as an attractant in traps is one method of controlling fruit flies populations. This study aims to find out the appropriate formulation of ME block plus formulation in increasing fruit fly catches on chili pepper. The experiment was carried out from January to April 2018 in Lembang Village, Lembang District, West Bandung Regency. The experiment used a randomized block design consists of eight treatments and three replications. The treatments tested were ME 2 ml was applied to all treatments using cotton; block; chili essence 4 ml block; 4 ml block of guava essence; orange essence 4 ml block; starfruit essence 4 ml block; mango essence 4 ml block; an attractant block product with the active ingredient ME. Although the results showed that all the treatments tested could not attract female fruit flies, the essence formulation was successful in attracting male fruit flies by 87%. The 4 ml chili essence in the 2 ml ME block formulation was the most effective treatment to increase male fruit fly catches by as much as 377 fruit flies/traps/week specifically the species Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock, Bactrocera umbrosa Fabricius, and hybrid fruit flies B. dorsalis x B. carambolae.
小实蝇是辣椒的重要害虫之一。在捕蝇器中使用甲基丁香酚块作为引诱剂是控制果蝇种群的一种方法。本研究的目的是寻找ME阻断剂加配方在增加辣椒上果蝇捕获量方面的合适配方。实验于2018年1月至4月在西万隆县伦邦区伦邦村进行。试验采用随机区组设计，共8个处理，3个重复。试验处理为me2ml，所有处理均使用棉花;块;辣椒香精4毫升块;4毫升番石榴精华块;橙香精4毫升块;杨桃精华4毫升块;芒果精华4毫升块;具有有效成分ME的引诱剂块产品。结果表明，虽然所有处理均不能吸引雌性果蝇，但香精配方对雄性果蝇的吸引成功率为87%。在2 ml ME块配方中加入4 ml辣椒香精是最有效的处理方法，可以使雄性果蝇的捕获量增加377只/个/周，特别是对桔小实蝇(Hendel)、carambolae Drew & Hancock、umbrosa Fabricius和杂交果蝇(B. dorsalis x B. carambolae)。
{"title":"Pengaruh formulasi metil eugenol block plus terhadap tangkapan lalat buah Bactrocera spp. pada tanaman cabai","authors":"Agustinus Susanto, Agus Dana Permana, Srimurni Hartati, Tohidin Tohidin, Desy Natalia Br. Saragih","doi":"10.5994/jei.18.2.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5994/jei.18.2.93","url":null,"abstract":"Fruit fly Bactrocera spp. is one of important pests in chili pepper. The use of methyl eugenol (ME) block plus as an attractant in traps is one method of controlling fruit flies populations. This study aims to find out the appropriate formulation of ME block plus formulation in increasing fruit fly catches on chili pepper. The experiment was carried out from January to April 2018 in Lembang Village, Lembang District, West Bandung Regency. The experiment used a randomized block design consists of eight treatments and three replications. The treatments tested were ME 2 ml was applied to all treatments using cotton; block; chili essence 4 ml block; 4 ml block of guava essence; orange essence 4 ml block; starfruit essence 4 ml block; mango essence 4 ml block; an attractant block product with the active ingredient ME. Although the results showed that all the treatments tested could not attract female fruit flies, the essence formulation was successful in attracting male fruit flies by 87%. The 4 ml chili essence in the 2 ml ME block formulation was the most effective treatment to increase male fruit fly catches by as much as 377 fruit flies/traps/week specifically the species Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock, Bactrocera umbrosa Fabricius, and hybrid fruit flies B. dorsalis x B. carambolae.","PeriodicalId":31609,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71244609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luna Lukvitasari, Hermanu Triwidodo, Akhmad Rizali, Damayanti Buchori
The gall fly, Cecidochares connexa (Macquart) was first introduced to Indonesia to control the invasive weed Chromolaena odorata (L.) King & Robinson or kirinyuh. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of habitat type and location, and the presence of natural enemies associated with gall flies on their level of attack. This research was be conducted in various types of habitat in Bogor and South Lampung from January to December 2019. Thirty plant samples were obtained using the area species curve method. Sampling was conducted to collect gall in each habitat, it was followed by rearing gall for ± 1 month to see insects that came out from the gall at the Biological Control Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University. The results of this study indicate that the location of the observation affects the level of attack on gall flies against kirinyuh and parachitization of gall flies by parasitoid, while the habitat does not affect both. Then there are other insects associated with kirinyuh in addition gall flies in gall, namely Lonchaea sp.
{"title":"Pengaruh lokasi terhadap serangan lalat puru Cecidochares connexa (Macquart) pada tumbuhan eksotik invasif Chromolaena odorata (L.) King & Robinson dan interaksinya dengan komunitas serangga lokal","authors":"Luna Lukvitasari, Hermanu Triwidodo, Akhmad Rizali, Damayanti Buchori","doi":"10.5994/jei.18.2.127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5994/jei.18.2.127","url":null,"abstract":"The gall fly, Cecidochares connexa (Macquart) was first introduced to Indonesia to control the invasive weed Chromolaena odorata (L.) King & Robinson or kirinyuh. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of habitat type and location, and the presence of natural enemies associated with gall flies on their level of attack. This research was be conducted in various types of habitat in Bogor and South Lampung from January to December 2019. Thirty plant samples were obtained using the area species curve method. Sampling was conducted to collect gall in each habitat, it was followed by rearing gall for ± 1 month to see insects that came out from the gall at the Biological Control Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University. The results of this study indicate that the location of the observation affects the level of attack on gall flies against kirinyuh and parachitization of gall flies by parasitoid, while the habitat does not affect both. Then there are other insects associated with kirinyuh in addition gall flies in gall, namely Lonchaea sp.","PeriodicalId":31609,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42999636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Corn is the main commodity in Ende Regency. One of the obstacles faced by farmers at the end of 2019 was the attack of the armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) which is an invasive pest. Information about its spread in Flores are lacking. Therefore the aim of this research is to conduct a survey on the geographic distribution of S. frugiperda during the growing season of June–July 2020 in Flores, its infestation, and the presence of natural enemies. Observations were made on 200 sample plants in each of the 5 location. Calculations were made on the population level and intensity of attack. The intensity of the attack was measured using the Davis scale. The results showed that the pest population and attack intensity of S. frugiperda in the Rewarangga village was 8.15 individuals/plant and 76%, Lokoboko was 1.32 individuals/plant and 34%, Nanganesa was 2.48 individuals/plant and 51%, Rewarangga amounted to 5.96 individuals/plant and 55%, and Borokanda 3.31 individuals/plant and 42%. The natural enemies of S. frugiperda have not been found in the field.
{"title":"Serangan hama invasif Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) pada tanaman jagung di Kabupaten Ende Flores, Indonesia","authors":"Y. Pu'u, Charly Mutiara","doi":"10.5994/jei.18.2.153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5994/jei.18.2.153","url":null,"abstract":"Corn is the main commodity in Ende Regency. One of the obstacles faced by farmers at the end of 2019 was the attack of the armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) which is an invasive pest. Information about its spread in Flores are lacking. Therefore the aim of this research is to conduct a survey on the geographic distribution of S. frugiperda during the growing season of June–July 2020 in Flores, its infestation, and the presence of natural enemies. Observations were made on 200 sample plants in each of the 5 location. Calculations were made on the population level and intensity of attack. The intensity of the attack was measured using the Davis scale. The results showed that the pest population and attack intensity of S. frugiperda in the Rewarangga village was 8.15 individuals/plant and 76%, Lokoboko was 1.32 individuals/plant and 34%, Nanganesa was 2.48 individuals/plant and 51%, Rewarangga amounted to 5.96 individuals/plant and 55%, and Borokanda 3.31 individuals/plant and 42%. The natural enemies of S. frugiperda have not been found in the field.","PeriodicalId":31609,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42252917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ulka Sri Asih, Yaherwandi Yaherwandi, Siska Efendi
Oil palm plantations bordering forests were thought to affect the biotic components that make up the diversity of ecosystems, especially species with high mobilization and adaptability, such as spiders. This study aims to identify spiders found in oil palm plantations and analyzing diversity and evenness at various distances of oil palm plantations from the forest. Observations of spiders were carried out on oil palm plantations bordered by forests in Nagari Gunung Selasih and Sungai Kambut, Pulau Punjung District, Dharmasraya Regency, West Sumatra Province. In oil palm plantations, a one km long transect line was made from the forest edge. In the sample plots, spiders were observed using a pitfall trap, knockdown, and hand collecting. Data were analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener diversity and evenness index. The highest spider species diversity index was found at a distance of 100–300 m from the forest, respectively 3.06, 3.05, and 3.11. The same is true for the highest evenness index at a distance of 100–300 m from the forest, respectively, namely 0.94, 0.94, and 0.95. In general, the results of this study indicate that the presence of forest bordering the forest is thought to affect spiders in oil palm plantations.
与森林接壤的油棕榈种植园被认为会影响构成生态系统多样性的生物成分，尤其是蜘蛛等具有高度动员性和适应性的物种。本研究旨在识别油棕种植园中发现的蜘蛛，并分析油棕种植林与森林不同距离的多样性和均匀性。对蜘蛛的观察是在西苏门答腊省Dharmasraya Regency Punjung区Nagari Gunung Selasih和Sungai Kambut森林边的油棕种植园进行的。在油棕种植园中，从森林边缘划出一条1公里长的样带。在样本区，使用陷阱、击倒和手工收集来观察蜘蛛。使用香农-维纳多样性和均匀度指数对数据进行分析。蜘蛛物种多样性指数最高的是在距离森林100–300米的地方，分别为3.06、3.05和3.11。距离森林100–300米处的最高均匀度指数也是如此，分别为0.94、0.94和0.95。总的来说，这项研究的结果表明，森林边缘的森林被认为会影响油棕种植园中的蜘蛛。
{"title":"Keanekaragaman laba-laba pada perkebunan kelapa sawit yang berbatasan dengan hutan","authors":"Ulka Sri Asih, Yaherwandi Yaherwandi, Siska Efendi","doi":"10.5994/jei.18.2.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5994/jei.18.2.115","url":null,"abstract":"Oil palm plantations bordering forests were thought to affect the biotic components that make up the diversity of ecosystems, especially species with high mobilization and adaptability, such as spiders. This study aims to identify spiders found in oil palm plantations and analyzing diversity and evenness at various distances of oil palm plantations from the forest. Observations of spiders were carried out on oil palm plantations bordered by forests in Nagari Gunung Selasih and Sungai Kambut, Pulau Punjung District, Dharmasraya Regency, West Sumatra Province. In oil palm plantations, a one km long transect line was made from the forest edge. In the sample plots, spiders were observed using a pitfall trap, knockdown, and hand collecting. Data were analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener diversity and evenness index. The highest spider species diversity index was found at a distance of 100–300 m from the forest, respectively 3.06, 3.05, and 3.11. The same is true for the highest evenness index at a distance of 100–300 m from the forest, respectively, namely 0.94, 0.94, and 0.95. In general, the results of this study indicate that the presence of forest bordering the forest is thought to affect spiders in oil palm plantations.","PeriodicalId":31609,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45411579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) Diaphorina citri Kuwayama is a serious problem in citrus because it transmits huanglongbing (HLB) disease. Agricultural practices without paying attention to the agroecosystem complexity often cause the agroecosystem more suitable for insect pests proliferation and less friendly to natural enemies. The research aims to study the effectiveness of agroecosystem management compared to conventional farming in the ACP control. The effects of both treatments on the diversity and abundance of ACP’s natural enemies as well as the incidence and severity of HLB were also studied. Agroecosystem management consists of preventive and responsive actions. Preventive action was carried out through a polyculture system, planting refugia and legume cover crop, providing beetle banks, applying lime, applying organic and inorganic fertilizers, citrus pruning intensively, maintaining drainage ditches, and mechanical weed control. Responsive action is short-term control when the abundance of ACP reaches the action threshold. Responsive action was carried out through biological or chemical control. Meanwhile, conventional farming is a series of conventional farming and pest control techniques commonly applied by farmers. Each treatment was applied in three orchards of Siam Orange cv. Pontianak Citrus nobilis Lour var. microcarpa Hassk. The results showed that agroecosystem management was more effective in controlling the ACP population so that its abundance was lower and less fluctuated than conventional farming. ACP’s natural enemies in agroecosystem management were also more diverse than conventional farming. The abundance of ACP’s natural enemies and the incidence and severity of HLB in the two treatments were not significantly different.
亚洲柑桔木虱(ACP)是柑桔中的一个严重问题，它传播黄龙病(HLB)。不重视农业生态系统复杂性的农业实践，往往导致农业生态系统更适合害虫繁殖，对天敌不友好。本研究旨在研究农业生态系统管理在ACP控制下与传统农业相比的有效性。研究了两种处理对ACP天敌的多样性和丰度以及HLB的发病率和严重程度的影响。农业生态系统管理包括预防性和响应性行动。采取的预防措施包括混养系统、种植避难作物和豆科覆盖作物、提供甲虫库、施用石灰、施用有机和无机肥料、柑橘修剪密集、维护排水沟和机械除草。当ACP丰度达到动作阈值时，响应性动作是短期控制。通过生物或化学防治采取了相应的行动。同时，常规耕作是农民普遍采用的一系列常规耕作和病虫害防治技术。每个处理分别施用于三个暹罗橙果园。Pontianak贵族柑橘Lour var. microcarpa Hassk。结果表明，农业生态系统管理对黄花苜蓿种群的控制效果较好，其丰度低于常规耕作，且波动较小。ACP在农业生态系统管理方面的天敌也比传统农业更加多样化。两处理间ACP天敌丰度、HLB发生率及严重程度无显著差异。
{"title":"Pengaruh pengelolaan agroekosistem terhadap kelimpahan kutu loncat jeruk Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae)","authors":"M. Zuhran, Gatot Mudjiono, Retno Dyah Puspitarini","doi":"10.5994/jei.18.2.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5994/jei.18.2.102","url":null,"abstract":"Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) Diaphorina citri Kuwayama is a serious problem in citrus because it transmits huanglongbing (HLB) disease. Agricultural practices without paying attention to the agroecosystem complexity often cause the agroecosystem more suitable for insect pests proliferation and less friendly to natural enemies. The research aims to study the effectiveness of agroecosystem management compared to conventional farming in the ACP control. The effects of both treatments on the diversity and abundance of ACP’s natural enemies as well as the incidence and severity of HLB were also studied. Agroecosystem management consists of preventive and responsive actions. Preventive action was carried out through a polyculture system, planting refugia and legume cover crop, providing beetle banks, applying lime, applying organic and inorganic fertilizers, citrus pruning intensively, maintaining drainage ditches, and mechanical weed control. Responsive action is short-term control when the abundance of ACP reaches the action threshold. Responsive action was carried out through biological or chemical control. Meanwhile, conventional farming is a series of conventional farming and pest control techniques commonly applied by farmers. Each treatment was applied in three orchards of Siam Orange cv. Pontianak Citrus nobilis Lour var. microcarpa Hassk. The results showed that agroecosystem management was more effective in controlling the ACP population so that its abundance was lower and less fluctuated than conventional farming. ACP’s natural enemies in agroecosystem management were also more diverse than conventional farming. The abundance of ACP’s natural enemies and the incidence and severity of HLB in the two treatments were not significantly different.","PeriodicalId":31609,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44833747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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