Climate extreme is one of Zambia's most pressing issues impacting socioeconomic development. This paper assessed the impact of adaptation to climate extremes, as well as the effectiveness of adaptation strategies to mitigate the negative impact on food production. A total of 270 smallholder farmers were sampled. Descriptive analysis and the endogenous switching regression model were applied. According to the study's findings, adapted farms and non-adapted farms have a number of different characteristics. Furthermore, based on the estimates of the endogenous switching regression model, owning a radio, seed quantity and farming experience had a positive relationship with adaptation. Also, the results showed that adaptors are 'better producers' than non-adaptors. In light of the findings, some policy recommendations were made. When drafting policies, it is necessary to (a) draw on the expertise and experience of farmers and local institutions, (b) consider the assets of farmers and (c) enhance farmers' access to more affordable agricultural inputs.
{"title":"Effectiveness of smallholder farmers' adaptation to climate extremes: Evidence from the Southern Province of Zambia","authors":"Kiru Sichoongwe, Jinxia Wang","doi":"10.5937/aaser2355063s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/aaser2355063s","url":null,"abstract":"Climate extreme is one of Zambia's most pressing issues impacting socioeconomic development. This paper assessed the impact of adaptation to climate extremes, as well as the effectiveness of adaptation strategies to mitigate the negative impact on food production. A total of 270 smallholder farmers were sampled. Descriptive analysis and the endogenous switching regression model were applied. According to the study's findings, adapted farms and non-adapted farms have a number of different characteristics. Furthermore, based on the estimates of the endogenous switching regression model, owning a radio, seed quantity and farming experience had a positive relationship with adaptation. Also, the results showed that adaptors are 'better producers' than non-adaptors. In light of the findings, some policy recommendations were made. When drafting policies, it is necessary to (a) draw on the expertise and experience of farmers and local institutions, (b) consider the assets of farmers and (c) enhance farmers' access to more affordable agricultural inputs.","PeriodicalId":31632,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Serbica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71194188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Slađan Adžić, N. Pavlović, Z. Girek, M. Milisavljević, M. Ugrinović, I. Živković, Nenad Đurić
The expression of genes that induce the transformation of meristems into the reproductive stage in oilseed rape is realized in conditions of low positive temperatures for a certain period of time. Such a flowering process is called the vernalization pathway. A four-factor field trial with 6 genotypes of head cabbage was set up at the Institute of Vegetable Crops in Smederevska Palanka, of which three parental genotypes were divergent by geographical origin: Scc, B and N, and three more F1 hybrids were selected by diallel crossing: Scc x B, Scc x N and B x N. In order to achieve a different vegetative stage, seedlings were sown at three sowing dates: August 15th, September 1st and September 15th. Transplanting was done on October 20th. The results of sowing head cabbage within the sowing period for oilseed rape were the induction of the flower mechanism, the absence of the head formation phenophase, and the realization of a stable seed yield. The experiment was performed in vivo in the control version and in the treatment with gibberellic acid - GA3. The influence of all four factors: season, genotype, sowing date and GA3 treatment showed statistical significance for the yield components as well as for the yield itself and seed quality. The three seasons in which the experiment was evaluated differed in temperature during overwintering: 2010/2011 was moderately cold, 2011/2012 was extremely cold, while 2012/2013 was warm. In the cold season, the seed yield was low, and reduced to the biological maintenance of the species, while the highest seed yield was achieved in the third - warm (2012/2013) season in the first sowing period. The experiment also confirmed the existence of an identical flower mechanism in the species Brassica napus L. and Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.
{"title":"Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) grown under the conditions of the life cycle of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) in order to achieve a stable seed yield","authors":"Slađan Adžić, N. Pavlović, Z. Girek, M. Milisavljević, M. Ugrinović, I. Živković, Nenad Đurić","doi":"10.5937/aaser2355003a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/aaser2355003a","url":null,"abstract":"The expression of genes that induce the transformation of meristems into the reproductive stage in oilseed rape is realized in conditions of low positive temperatures for a certain period of time. Such a flowering process is called the vernalization pathway. A four-factor field trial with 6 genotypes of head cabbage was set up at the Institute of Vegetable Crops in Smederevska Palanka, of which three parental genotypes were divergent by geographical origin: Scc, B and N, and three more F1 hybrids were selected by diallel crossing: Scc x B, Scc x N and B x N. In order to achieve a different vegetative stage, seedlings were sown at three sowing dates: August 15th, September 1st and September 15th. Transplanting was done on October 20th. The results of sowing head cabbage within the sowing period for oilseed rape were the induction of the flower mechanism, the absence of the head formation phenophase, and the realization of a stable seed yield. The experiment was performed in vivo in the control version and in the treatment with gibberellic acid - GA3. The influence of all four factors: season, genotype, sowing date and GA3 treatment showed statistical significance for the yield components as well as for the yield itself and seed quality. The three seasons in which the experiment was evaluated differed in temperature during overwintering: 2010/2011 was moderately cold, 2011/2012 was extremely cold, while 2012/2013 was warm. In the cold season, the seed yield was low, and reduced to the biological maintenance of the species, while the highest seed yield was achieved in the third - warm (2012/2013) season in the first sowing period. The experiment also confirmed the existence of an identical flower mechanism in the species Brassica napus L. and Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.","PeriodicalId":31632,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Serbica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71194056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jelena Golijan-Pantović, M. Sečanski, Stefan Gordanić, Ljubica Šarčević-Todosijević
Biological control refers to the use of living beneficial organisms as well as the products of their metabolism in pest control. Weed plants are indispensable companions of cultivated plants, in which they cause substantial damage. Organic food production, human health care and environmental preservation impose a need for the production and application of bioherbicides, particularly in organic systems of plant production. Plant pathogens have significant potential as biological agents in weed control. The aim of the present study was to indicate the most important properties of the weed biological control system, with particular emphasis on the use of fungi-based bioherbicides. According to the organism they suppress, biopesticides are classified into bioinsecticides, biofungicides, bioherbicides, etc. Weed control using plant pathogens can be performed in three ways, by classical, conservation and augmentative biological control. Bioherbicides were initially introduced to the market in 1980, and the majority of them were fungi-based bioherbicides. The most common fungi included in bioherbicides belong to the genera Alternaria, Colletotrichum, Cercospora, Fusarium, Phomopsis, Phytophthora, Phoma, Puccinia, etc. The studies, development and final commercialisation of fungi as biological control agents face many obstacles, ranging from basic biological facts to social and economic factors. There are also challenges in the production, formulation process, environmental friendliness, duration of herbicidal action, and expensive and time-consuming registration procedures. Considering the success in weed suppression with fungi-based bioherbicides, the global market is still dominated by chemical companies manufacturing synthetic herbicides, while there are no such products on the Serbian market yet.
{"title":"Weed biological control with fungi-based bioherbicides","authors":"Jelena Golijan-Pantović, M. Sečanski, Stefan Gordanić, Ljubica Šarčević-Todosijević","doi":"10.5937/aaser2355023g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/aaser2355023g","url":null,"abstract":"Biological control refers to the use of living beneficial organisms as well as the products of their metabolism in pest control. Weed plants are indispensable companions of cultivated plants, in which they cause substantial damage. Organic food production, human health care and environmental preservation impose a need for the production and application of bioherbicides, particularly in organic systems of plant production. Plant pathogens have significant potential as biological agents in weed control. The aim of the present study was to indicate the most important properties of the weed biological control system, with particular emphasis on the use of fungi-based bioherbicides. According to the organism they suppress, biopesticides are classified into bioinsecticides, biofungicides, bioherbicides, etc. Weed control using plant pathogens can be performed in three ways, by classical, conservation and augmentative biological control. Bioherbicides were initially introduced to the market in 1980, and the majority of them were fungi-based bioherbicides. The most common fungi included in bioherbicides belong to the genera Alternaria, Colletotrichum, Cercospora, Fusarium, Phomopsis, Phytophthora, Phoma, Puccinia, etc. The studies, development and final commercialisation of fungi as biological control agents face many obstacles, ranging from basic biological facts to social and economic factors. There are also challenges in the production, formulation process, environmental friendliness, duration of herbicidal action, and expensive and time-consuming registration procedures. Considering the success in weed suppression with fungi-based bioherbicides, the global market is still dominated by chemical companies manufacturing synthetic herbicides, while there are no such products on the Serbian market yet.","PeriodicalId":31632,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Serbica","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71194108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Usman Ghani, Ameer Khan, A. Shahzad, Ayesha Fizza, M. Shahzad, Hameed Gul, Soufiane Mohamed, Shareef Gul
Rice is a staple cereal crop that helps food security and overcomes nutrition problems. The application of synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizers results in the improvement of nutrient concentration. Therefore, iron (Fe) biofortification in rice can be improved by altering Fe application methods under different N levels. We made a comprehensive assessment on this, analyzing Fe concentration in the root, shoot and grain of the Super Basmati cultivar raised under two N levels (80 kg h-1 and 160 kg h-1) with Fe applied through the soil and/or foliar supply at different growth stages. The results showed that agronomic traits such as plant height, chlorophyll contents, number of productive tillers, panicle length, number of spikelets per panicle, 100-grain weight, grain yield, biological yield, and harvest index were significantly influenced by Fe application methods and N levels. Soil + Foliar application of Fe at 80 kg ha-1 of N level had maximum biological yield (18.70 g/pot), grain yield (7.31 g/pot), and harvest index (60.87%). Results revealed that iron concentration was significantly influenced by Fe application methods under different N levels, and their interaction showed significant influence. The highest values of Fe concentration in the shoot (300.50 ppm), root (446.63 ppm), and grain (141.13 ppm) were observed under 80 kg ha-1 N application. Results suggest that Fe biofortification has the potential to improve the Fe content in rice grain by various application methods with optimal N availability.
大米是一种主要的谷类作物，有助于粮食安全和克服营养问题。施用合成氮肥可提高土壤养分浓度。因此，在不同氮水平下，通过改变铁的施用方式，可以改善水稻铁(Fe)的生物强化。本研究通过分析不同生育期土壤和叶面分别施用铁和铁，在80 kg h-1和160 kg h-1两个氮水平下超级巴斯马蒂品种根、茎和籽粒中的铁含量，对其进行了综合评价。结果表明:施铁方式和施氮水平对水稻株高、叶绿素含量、有效分蘖数、穗长、每穗颖花数、百粒重、籽粒产量、生物产量和收获指数等农艺性状有显著影响;土壤+叶面施铁在80 kg hm -1 N水平下生物产量最高(18.70 g/盆)，籽粒产量最高(7.31 g/盆)，收获指数最高(60.87%)。结果表明，在不同氮水平下，不同施铁方式对土壤铁浓度有显著影响，且相互作用显著。施用80 kg hm -1 N时，地上部、根部和籽粒铁浓度最高，分别为300.50 ppm、446.63 ppm和141.13 ppm。综上所述，在最佳氮素利用率的条件下，不同施用方式的生物强化铁具有提高水稻籽粒铁含量的潜力。
{"title":"Effect of iron application methods on grain yield and iron concentration of rice under different nitrogen levels","authors":"Usman Ghani, Ameer Khan, A. Shahzad, Ayesha Fizza, M. Shahzad, Hameed Gul, Soufiane Mohamed, Shareef Gul","doi":"10.5937/aaser2355039g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/aaser2355039g","url":null,"abstract":"Rice is a staple cereal crop that helps food security and overcomes nutrition problems. The application of synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizers results in the improvement of nutrient concentration. Therefore, iron (Fe) biofortification in rice can be improved by altering Fe application methods under different N levels. We made a comprehensive assessment on this, analyzing Fe concentration in the root, shoot and grain of the Super Basmati cultivar raised under two N levels (80 kg h-1 and 160 kg h-1) with Fe applied through the soil and/or foliar supply at different growth stages. The results showed that agronomic traits such as plant height, chlorophyll contents, number of productive tillers, panicle length, number of spikelets per panicle, 100-grain weight, grain yield, biological yield, and harvest index were significantly influenced by Fe application methods and N levels. Soil + Foliar application of Fe at 80 kg ha-1 of N level had maximum biological yield (18.70 g/pot), grain yield (7.31 g/pot), and harvest index (60.87%). Results revealed that iron concentration was significantly influenced by Fe application methods under different N levels, and their interaction showed significant influence. The highest values of Fe concentration in the shoot (300.50 ppm), root (446.63 ppm), and grain (141.13 ppm) were observed under 80 kg ha-1 N application. Results suggest that Fe biofortification has the potential to improve the Fe content in rice grain by various application methods with optimal N availability.","PeriodicalId":31632,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Serbica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71194131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Bouhadi, K. Larbi, Hamza Belkhodja, A. Belmimoun, Asmaa Habib, Amel Semmache, M. Ouahdi
The present work consists of producing bioethanol from potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) peels using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The different physicochemical and biochemical analyses showed that potato peels are rich in nutritional elements that make them favorable to alcohol fermentation. The total soluble sugars content, the pH value and the ethanol content were evaluated. The results indicated limited ethanol production. The addition of yeast extract, peptone and urea to the fermentation medium improved the ethanol yield produced by the yeast. The physicochemical characterization of purified bioethanol revealed that density, boiling temperature and refractive index are close to those of absolute ethanol. The in vitro antibacterial activity of bioethanol was tested on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus. Significant inhibition zones were observed. This study showed that potato peel waste can be a feedstock for bioethanol production.
{"title":"Bioethanol production from potato peel waste using Saccharomyces cerevisiae","authors":"D. Bouhadi, K. Larbi, Hamza Belkhodja, A. Belmimoun, Asmaa Habib, Amel Semmache, M. Ouahdi","doi":"10.5937/aaser2355013b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/aaser2355013b","url":null,"abstract":"The present work consists of producing bioethanol from potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) peels using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The different physicochemical and biochemical analyses showed that potato peels are rich in nutritional elements that make them favorable to alcohol fermentation. The total soluble sugars content, the pH value and the ethanol content were evaluated. The results indicated limited ethanol production. The addition of yeast extract, peptone and urea to the fermentation medium improved the ethanol yield produced by the yeast. The physicochemical characterization of purified bioethanol revealed that density, boiling temperature and refractive index are close to those of absolute ethanol. The in vitro antibacterial activity of bioethanol was tested on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus. Significant inhibition zones were observed. This study showed that potato peel waste can be a feedstock for bioethanol production.","PeriodicalId":31632,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Serbica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71194068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research of environmental problems in all sectors, and therefore in agriculture, is very challenging, significant and complex. For that purpose, special indicators adapted to the very nature of its business were developed for the agricultural sector. Environmental problems in agriculture are caused by the use of chemical inputs, animal waste, packaging waste, soil pollution, water and air pollution, etc. Bearing in mind the significance of the environmental problem in agriculture, this paper evaluates (selection and ranking) the environmental problem in the agriculture of selected European Union countries based on the LMAW-DNMA method as a function of mitigation by applying relevant environmental measures. According to the results of the LMAW-DNMA method, the top five countries of the European Union in terms of environmental problems in agriculture are, in the following order, Poland, France, Spain, the Netherlands and Italy. In countries such as Slovenia (twentieth place), Estonia (twenty-first place) and Luxembourg (twenty-second place), the environmental problem in agriculture is less pronounced than in the other observed countries of the European Union. In order to alleviate the environmental problem in agriculture in the European Union countries, environmental measures are taken, such as increasing organic production, digitization, and environmental taxation.
{"title":"Application of the LMAW-DNMA method in the evaluation of the environmental problem in the agriculture of selected European Union countries","authors":"R. Lukić","doi":"10.5937/aaser2355049l","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/aaser2355049l","url":null,"abstract":"The research of environmental problems in all sectors, and therefore in agriculture, is very challenging, significant and complex. For that purpose, special indicators adapted to the very nature of its business were developed for the agricultural sector. Environmental problems in agriculture are caused by the use of chemical inputs, animal waste, packaging waste, soil pollution, water and air pollution, etc. Bearing in mind the significance of the environmental problem in agriculture, this paper evaluates (selection and ranking) the environmental problem in the agriculture of selected European Union countries based on the LMAW-DNMA method as a function of mitigation by applying relevant environmental measures. According to the results of the LMAW-DNMA method, the top five countries of the European Union in terms of environmental problems in agriculture are, in the following order, Poland, France, Spain, the Netherlands and Italy. In countries such as Slovenia (twentieth place), Estonia (twenty-first place) and Luxembourg (twenty-second place), the environmental problem in agriculture is less pronounced than in the other observed countries of the European Union. In order to alleviate the environmental problem in agriculture in the European Union countries, environmental measures are taken, such as increasing organic production, digitization, and environmental taxation.","PeriodicalId":31632,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Serbica","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71194142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Karaklajic-Stajic, J. Tomić, M. Milinković, M. Pešaković, B. Rilak, S. Paunović
Blackberry (Rubus subgen. Rubus Watson) cultivar 'Čačanska Bestrna' has long been the most commonly grown blackberry cultivar in the Republic of Serbia, owing to its high adaptability to respective agro-environmental conditions. In recent years, in order to increase the production of biologically valuable food, the fruit growing technology has been directed towards the concepts of integral and organic production. Blackberry grey mould (Botrytis cinerea Pers.) is an economically significant agent of the disease, which during the ripening phase reduces fruit yield by about 30% each year. In this regard, the efficacy of the preventive and curative influence of foliar applied FitoBotryfun was examined for two consecutive years. Incidence of grey mould (degree of infection), morphometric traits (fruit weight and dimensions), chemical traits (soluble solids content, total and inverted sugars, and sucrose content) and fruit mineral nutrient content [macro-(Ca, Mg) and microelements (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn)] were recorded. A high variability was found in the degree of infection between the different disease management practices (organic and conventional) and significant differences were found in the contents of sugars, Ca, Mg and Fe in the fruit. The variations over the years were observed for the same quality traits, except for fruit height. The results obtained suggest that the foliar application of FitoBotryfun during the growing season can be effective in reducing losses in the quality of blackberry fruit during ripening as well as negative effects of conventional control methods on human health and the environment.
{"title":"Effectiveness of the biodegradable product FitoBotryfun in improving the fruit quality of 'Čačanska Bestrna' blackberry","authors":"Z. Karaklajic-Stajic, J. Tomić, M. Milinković, M. Pešaković, B. Rilak, S. Paunović","doi":"10.5937/aaser2253017k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/aaser2253017k","url":null,"abstract":"Blackberry (Rubus subgen. Rubus Watson) cultivar 'Čačanska Bestrna' has long been the most commonly grown blackberry cultivar in the Republic of Serbia, owing to its high adaptability to respective agro-environmental conditions. In recent years, in order to increase the production of biologically valuable food, the fruit growing technology has been directed towards the concepts of integral and organic production. Blackberry grey mould (Botrytis cinerea Pers.) is an economically significant agent of the disease, which during the ripening phase reduces fruit yield by about 30% each year. In this regard, the efficacy of the preventive and curative influence of foliar applied FitoBotryfun was examined for two consecutive years. Incidence of grey mould (degree of infection), morphometric traits (fruit weight and dimensions), chemical traits (soluble solids content, total and inverted sugars, and sucrose content) and fruit mineral nutrient content [macro-(Ca, Mg) and microelements (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn)] were recorded. A high variability was found in the degree of infection between the different disease management practices (organic and conventional) and significant differences were found in the contents of sugars, Ca, Mg and Fe in the fruit. The variations over the years were observed for the same quality traits, except for fruit height. The results obtained suggest that the foliar application of FitoBotryfun during the growing season can be effective in reducing losses in the quality of blackberry fruit during ripening as well as negative effects of conventional control methods on human health and the environment.","PeriodicalId":31632,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Serbica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71193527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Petković, N. Miletić, V. Kurćubić, A. Lukyanov, I. Đurović, V. Filipović, Vladimir Mladenović
The parameters of microwave dehydration (thickness, mass load, and microwave power level) of carrot slices had a statistically significant (P < 0.05) effect on the drying process. Carrot slices (thicknesses of 3, 6, and 9 mm) were dehydrated as monolayers at microwave power levels (80, 240 W) at different mass loads (1.00, 0.63, and 0.38 kg m-2). The optimal microwave model for the carrot slice microwave dehydration was the model with the microwave power level of 240 W, mass load of 0.38 kg m-2 , and 3 mm thickness, with the shortest dehydration time (15 ± 1 minute) and the lowest energy consumption (0.099 ± 0.002 kWh). The minimum resistance to mass transfer (effective moisture diffusivity) was observed in the models with the thickness of 3 mm, a 1.00 kg m-2 mass load, dehydrated at 80 W (8.2519 × 10-8 ± 8.8815 × 10-10 m 2 s-1). The average activation energy for the analyzed models was 8.972 ± 0.009 W g-1. Therefore, the application of the microwave dehydration method can be considered a proper alternative for the dehydration of carrot slices.
微波脱水参数(厚度、质量负荷、微波功率水平)对胡萝卜片干燥过程的影响有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。在不同质量负荷(1.00、0.63和0.38 kg m-2)的微波功率水平(80、240 W)下，将胡萝卜片(厚度为3、6和9 mm)脱水成单层。胡萝卜片微波脱水的最佳微波模型为:微波功率为240 W，质量负荷为0.38 kg m-2，厚度为3 mm，脱水时间最短(15±1分钟)，能耗最低(0.099±0.002 kWh)。在厚度为3 mm、质量负荷为1.00 kg m-2、脱水温度为80 W (8.2519 × 10-8±8.8815 × 10-10 m 2 s-1)的模型中，观察到最小传质阻力(有效水分扩散率)。各模型的平均活化能为8.972±0.009 W g-1。因此，微波脱水法的应用可以被认为是胡萝卜片脱水的一种合适的替代方法。
{"title":"Energy consumption and dehydration parameters of microwave drying of carrot","authors":"M. Petković, N. Miletić, V. Kurćubić, A. Lukyanov, I. Đurović, V. Filipović, Vladimir Mladenović","doi":"10.5937/aaser2254137p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/aaser2254137p","url":null,"abstract":"The parameters of microwave dehydration (thickness, mass load, and microwave power level) of carrot slices had a statistically significant (P < 0.05) effect on the drying process. Carrot slices (thicknesses of 3, 6, and 9 mm) were dehydrated as monolayers at microwave power levels (80, 240 W) at different mass loads (1.00, 0.63, and 0.38 kg m-2). The optimal microwave model for the carrot slice microwave dehydration was the model with the microwave power level of 240 W, mass load of 0.38 kg m-2 , and 3 mm thickness, with the shortest dehydration time (15 ± 1 minute) and the lowest energy consumption (0.099 ± 0.002 kWh). The minimum resistance to mass transfer (effective moisture diffusivity) was observed in the models with the thickness of 3 mm, a 1.00 kg m-2 mass load, dehydrated at 80 W (8.2519 × 10-8 ± 8.8815 × 10-10 m 2 s-1). The average activation energy for the analyzed models was 8.972 ± 0.009 W g-1. Therefore, the application of the microwave dehydration method can be considered a proper alternative for the dehydration of carrot slices.","PeriodicalId":31632,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Serbica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71194000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Stanković, K. Zečević, G. Delibašić, Lidija Ivanović, D. Milošević, Milena Marčić, B. Krstic
In November 2019, virus-like symptoms resembling those caused by turnip yellows virus (TuYV) were observed in many canola crops across Serbia. In order to identify their causal agent, a total of 206 samples were collected and analyzed for the presence of TuYV, cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) and turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), using commercial double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA kits. TuYV was detected serologically in 91.75% of tested samples collected at 24 locations in all of seven inspected districts. None of the samples tested positive for TuMV and CaMV. Further molecular characterization based on the partial P0 gene sequences of seven selected ELISA-positive samples showed that Serbian TuYV isolates collected in 2019 shared low nucleotide diversity, and that they were closely related to previously identified Serbian cabbage and mustard isolates of TuYV. Phylogenetic analysis showed that TuYV isolates from Serbia were clustered within the TuYV/BrYV group. Moreover, nucleotide and amino acid sequence comparison of all TuYV isolates originating from Serbia, supported with a phylogenetic tree, indicated the existence of two virus subpopulations in Serbia. Further research should focus on determining the variability of TuYV population in Serbia, based on a whole-genome analysis that will contribute to a better understanding of the epidemiology of this pathogen, aiming at developing and implementing appropriate control measures.
{"title":"Molecular characterization of turnip yellows virus isolates from canola in Serbia","authors":"I. Stanković, K. Zečević, G. Delibašić, Lidija Ivanović, D. Milošević, Milena Marčić, B. Krstic","doi":"10.5937/aaser2253031s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/aaser2253031s","url":null,"abstract":"In November 2019, virus-like symptoms resembling those caused by turnip yellows virus (TuYV) were observed in many canola crops across Serbia. In order to identify their causal agent, a total of 206 samples were collected and analyzed for the presence of TuYV, cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) and turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), using commercial double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA kits. TuYV was detected serologically in 91.75% of tested samples collected at 24 locations in all of seven inspected districts. None of the samples tested positive for TuMV and CaMV. Further molecular characterization based on the partial P0 gene sequences of seven selected ELISA-positive samples showed that Serbian TuYV isolates collected in 2019 shared low nucleotide diversity, and that they were closely related to previously identified Serbian cabbage and mustard isolates of TuYV. Phylogenetic analysis showed that TuYV isolates from Serbia were clustered within the TuYV/BrYV group. Moreover, nucleotide and amino acid sequence comparison of all TuYV isolates originating from Serbia, supported with a phylogenetic tree, indicated the existence of two virus subpopulations in Serbia. Further research should focus on determining the variability of TuYV population in Serbia, based on a whole-genome analysis that will contribute to a better understanding of the epidemiology of this pathogen, aiming at developing and implementing appropriate control measures.","PeriodicalId":31632,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Serbica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71194080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Filipović, J. Filipović, M. Petković, L. Pezo, M. Košutić, V. Vučurović
A new type of functional food products-bread supplemented with yeast extract-was developed and optimized. In the next product development phase, samples of bread with yeast extract were tasted and evaluated by 536 randomly selected consumers, and their acceptability was analyzed.. The survey results showed that consumers in all groups had a high level of awareness about the importance of product labeling and the impact of food on health, while low requirements for special diets. Bread sensory characteristics were highly acceptable, while the final price of bread with yeast extract was 20% higher than regular bread. Correspondence analysis showed differentiation among categories of consumers and their responses. Despite the high importance of product price and lack of proper marketing, there was a high level of consumers' willingness to change their current bread, and buy this new type.
{"title":"Acceptability of bread supplemented with yeast extract to consumers","authors":"V. Filipović, J. Filipović, M. Petković, L. Pezo, M. Košutić, V. Vučurović","doi":"10.5937/aaser2253003f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/aaser2253003f","url":null,"abstract":"A new type of functional food products-bread supplemented with yeast extract-was developed and optimized. In the next product development phase, samples of bread with yeast extract were tasted and evaluated by 536 randomly selected consumers, and their acceptability was analyzed.. The survey results showed that consumers in all groups had a high level of awareness about the importance of product labeling and the impact of food on health, while low requirements for special diets. Bread sensory characteristics were highly acceptable, while the final price of bread with yeast extract was 20% higher than regular bread. Correspondence analysis showed differentiation among categories of consumers and their responses. Despite the high importance of product price and lack of proper marketing, there was a high level of consumers' willingness to change their current bread, and buy this new type.","PeriodicalId":31632,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Serbica","volume":"146 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71193510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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