Pub Date : 2016-12-23DOI: 10.5354/0718-4735.2016.45076
Andrea Păroşanu
Romania has experienced major reform in the criminal justice system in recent years, which has impacted the way of dealing with juvenile offenders. This article highlights recent developments in the field of juvenile justice following the implementation of long-awaited reforms in the criminal justice system in 2014. The new criminal law provisions abolished prison sentences for juveniles and introduced a wider range of educational responses, including various community-based measures. This article will analyze trends in reported juvenile delinquency and sentencing practice, taking into account how these developed during the transitionary period following the political turn. Influential factors on the dynamics of juvenile delinquency in this period will also be discussed. Finally, the article will outline trends in juvenile and adult imprisonment, and consider reforms that have been made to the prison system to improve conditions in custodial facilities.
{"title":"Justicia Juvenil en Rumania – Tendencias de las reformas, aspectos legales, ejecución de sentencias y prisiones","authors":"Andrea Păroşanu","doi":"10.5354/0718-4735.2016.45076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5354/0718-4735.2016.45076","url":null,"abstract":"Romania has experienced major reform in the criminal justice system in recent years, which has impacted the way of dealing with juvenile offenders. This article highlights recent developments in the field of juvenile justice following the implementation of long-awaited reforms in the criminal justice system in 2014. The new criminal law provisions abolished prison sentences for juveniles and introduced a wider range of educational responses, including various community-based measures. This article will analyze trends in reported juvenile delinquency and sentencing practice, taking into account how these developed during the transitionary period following the political turn. Influential factors on the dynamics of juvenile delinquency in this period will also be discussed. Finally, the article will outline trends in juvenile and adult imprisonment, and consider reforms that have been made to the prison system to improve conditions in custodial facilities.","PeriodicalId":31642,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Estudios de la Justicia","volume":"1 1","pages":"156-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71121470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-23DOI: 10.5354/0718-4735.2016.44609
C. Fuentes
The questions referred to the Judicial Independence in the field of international law and its impact on domestic institutions, with particular depth in the Argentine case, will be reflected in this work. To do this we make an analysis and interpretation of various international instruments and recommendations of Human Rights Organizations. We intend to demonstrate that the human right that guarantees access to an independent judiciary, becomes the starting point on the face of the effective recognition of the rights and fulfillment of the highest missions the rule of law.
{"title":"Principios internacionales que consagran el derecho humano de acceso a una justicia independiente. Análisis del tema en Argentina","authors":"C. Fuentes","doi":"10.5354/0718-4735.2016.44609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5354/0718-4735.2016.44609","url":null,"abstract":"The questions referred to the Judicial Independence in the field of international law and its impact on domestic institutions, with particular depth in the Argentine case, will be reflected in this work. To do this we make an analysis and interpretation of various international instruments and recommendations of Human Rights Organizations. We intend to demonstrate that the human right that guarantees access to an independent judiciary, becomes the starting point on the face of the effective recognition of the rights and fulfillment of the highest missions the rule of law.","PeriodicalId":31642,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Estudios de la Justicia","volume":"1 1","pages":"199-246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71121226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-23DOI: 10.5354/0718-4735.2016.44601
Frank Harbottle Quirós
This article contains a historical, legal and doctrinal study about the diminished criminal liabilityas an element of criminal culpability. It is exposed in the first section, the appearance of this figure until it was formally incorporated in legislation and in judicial proceedings. Then, the different approaches are examined in relation to the response to be provided by criminal law to cases in which it is shown that a person committed a crime, acting under a state of diminished criminal liability.Finally, it is proposed to eliminate this controversial concept of the theory of crime based on a redefinition of the terms criminal liability and non-imputability.
{"title":"La imputabilidad disminuida: una categoría problemática del derecho penal","authors":"Frank Harbottle Quirós","doi":"10.5354/0718-4735.2016.44601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5354/0718-4735.2016.44601","url":null,"abstract":"This article contains a historical, legal and doctrinal study about the diminished criminal liabilityas an element of criminal culpability. It is exposed in the first section, the appearance of this figure until it was formally incorporated in legislation and in judicial proceedings. Then, the different approaches are examined in relation to the response to be provided by criminal law to cases in which it is shown that a person committed a crime, acting under a state of diminished criminal liability.Finally, it is proposed to eliminate this controversial concept of the theory of crime based on a redefinition of the terms criminal liability and non-imputability.","PeriodicalId":31642,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Estudios de la Justicia","volume":"274 1","pages":"33-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71120702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-23DOI: 10.5354/0718-4735.2016.44605
Leonardo Leiva Mendoza
This paper examines the relations between the principle of specialty stablished in the criminal procedure of juvenile offenders and the plea bargain regulated in the code of criminal procedure for adults. The analysis approaches three mains aspects. First, it develops a general assessment about the arguments in favor and against the properness of the plea bargain considering the guidelines and principles that limit the juvenile criminal system. Second, a concretion proposal of the principle of specialty at the topic under study. And finally an examination of the competences and capacities of youth required to stand in trial, and the requirements derivatived from them to the waiver of rights and exercise the right of defence.
{"title":"La especialidad del proceso penal juvenil y el procedimiento abreviado","authors":"Leonardo Leiva Mendoza","doi":"10.5354/0718-4735.2016.44605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5354/0718-4735.2016.44605","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the relations between the principle of specialty stablished in the criminal procedure of juvenile offenders and the plea bargain regulated in the code of criminal procedure for adults. The analysis approaches three mains aspects. First, it develops a general assessment about the arguments in favor and against the properness of the plea bargain considering the guidelines and principles that limit the juvenile criminal system. Second, a concretion proposal of the principle of specialty at the topic under study. And finally an examination of the competences and capacities of youth required to stand in trial, and the requirements derivatived from them to the waiver of rights and exercise the right of defence.","PeriodicalId":31642,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Estudios de la Justicia","volume":"1 1","pages":"104-137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71120821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-30DOI: 10.5354/0718-4735.2016.41937
Fernando Londoño Martínez
This paper reflects –with adjustments that in each case will be highlighted– the contents of the report and regulation-proposal on crimes against public health and product liability issued by the author on request of the Chilean Criminal Code Drafting Commission (Chilean Justice Department, 2013-2014). The proposal was intended to serve as an input for the Commission’s discussion and drafting process. Substantive aspects of the author’s proposal were adopted by the Commission in its preliminary draft, which afterwards would become the New Criminal Code Bill, submitted to Congress by the Executive on March 10, 2014 (Mensaje, Boletin No. 9274-07). Beyond its potential use for future reforms (a relevant one is precisely ongoing) this paper is of interest as it offers a quick look at the kind of problems and shortcomings posed by §14 on “Crimes against public health” of Book’s Two Title VI of the yet in force Chilean Criminal Code (sections 313a-318), a paragraph briefly discussed among Chilean scholars. The uncertain scope of the false personation of medical staff crime (section 313a); the uncertain criminalization of authentic product liability hypothesis (and infringement of recall and warning duties); the uncertain and limited scope of manufacturing and distribution crimes (on the matter of material objects); and the problematic rule that aggravates criminal liability because of pure results or consequences (section 317), are all problems and shortcomings which, among others, emerge from an examination of §14, as can be appreciated through the author’s explanation of the various regulation proposals.
{"title":"Bases para una propuesta de reforma en materia de delitos contra la salud pública y de responsabilidad por el producto","authors":"Fernando Londoño Martínez","doi":"10.5354/0718-4735.2016.41937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5354/0718-4735.2016.41937","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reflects –with adjustments that in each case will be highlighted– the contents of the report and regulation-proposal on crimes against public health and product liability issued by the author on request of the Chilean Criminal Code Drafting Commission (Chilean Justice Department, 2013-2014). The proposal was intended to serve as an input for the Commission’s discussion and drafting process. Substantive aspects of the author’s proposal were adopted by the Commission in its preliminary draft, which afterwards would become the New Criminal Code Bill, submitted to Congress by the Executive on March 10, 2014 (Mensaje, Boletin No. 9274-07). Beyond its potential use for future reforms (a relevant one is precisely ongoing) this paper is of interest as it offers a quick look at the kind of problems and shortcomings posed by §14 on “Crimes against public health” of Book’s Two Title VI of the yet in force Chilean Criminal Code (sections 313a-318), a paragraph briefly discussed among Chilean scholars. The uncertain scope of the false personation of medical staff crime (section 313a); the uncertain criminalization of authentic product liability hypothesis (and infringement of recall and warning duties); the uncertain and limited scope of manufacturing and distribution crimes (on the matter of material objects); and the problematic rule that aggravates criminal liability because of pure results or consequences (section 317), are all problems and shortcomings which, among others, emerge from an examination of §14, as can be appreciated through the author’s explanation of the various regulation proposals.","PeriodicalId":31642,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Estudios de la Justicia","volume":"141 1","pages":"73-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71120998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-30DOI: 10.5354/0718-4735.2016.41933
Alejandro Villanueva Turnes
This work has the objective of analysing of part of Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia relating to the Judicial Authority. To reach this objective will be analysed the different precepts and the jurisprudence that exist about them. It should be noted that the prosecution of Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia by the Constitutional Court Is considered by many such as trigger of the present situation in this Autonomous Community. All this implies that the analysis on this part of the Statute of Autonomy is a one thing really interesting today.
{"title":"La regulación de la justicia en el Estatuto de Autonomía de Cataluña: especial referencia a la sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional Español 31/2010, de 28 de junio","authors":"Alejandro Villanueva Turnes","doi":"10.5354/0718-4735.2016.41933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5354/0718-4735.2016.41933","url":null,"abstract":"This work has the objective of analysing of part of Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia relating to the Judicial Authority. To reach this objective will be analysed the different precepts and the jurisprudence that exist about them. It should be noted that the prosecution of Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia by the Constitutional Court Is considered by many such as trigger of the present situation in this Autonomous Community. All this implies that the analysis on this part of the Statute of Autonomy is a one thing really interesting today.","PeriodicalId":31642,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Estudios de la Justicia","volume":"1 1","pages":"13-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71120986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-30DOI: 10.5354/0718-4735.2016.41935
Andrei Cambronero Torres
First, the article attempts to conceptually define the terms "electoral criminal justice" and "electoral crime", taking as a basis the traditional criminal-legal doctrine, in addition to presenting distinctions which are specific to suffrage. Furthermore, the article goes on to discuss specific issues concerning the enforcement of electoral criminal law and suggestions are made –as ideas to take into account– regarding interpretative elements that criminal legal authorities should consider in this type of crime.
{"title":"Reflexiones sobre algunos contenidos de la justicia penal electoral costarricense","authors":"Andrei Cambronero Torres","doi":"10.5354/0718-4735.2016.41935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5354/0718-4735.2016.41935","url":null,"abstract":"First, the article attempts to conceptually define the terms \"electoral criminal justice\" and \"electoral crime\", taking as a basis the traditional criminal-legal doctrine, in addition to presenting distinctions which are specific to suffrage. Furthermore, the article goes on to discuss specific issues concerning the enforcement of electoral criminal law and suggestions are made –as ideas to take into account– regarding interpretative elements that criminal legal authorities should consider in this type of crime.","PeriodicalId":31642,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Estudios de la Justicia","volume":"66 1","pages":"45-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71120994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-14DOI: 10.5354/0718-4735.2016.41617
Gustavo A. Beade
El trabajo cuestiona el uso particular del derecho penal en sociedades desiguales y en contra de grupos desaventajados con la intencion de limitar su acceso a derechos sociales constitucionales. Mas especificamente, defiendo la ocupacion de espacios publicos como consecuencia de la falla de los gobiernos en solucionar el problema del acceso a la vivienda digna. Voy a argumentar, por un lado, que debemos distinguir entre un reclamo social y un delito para evitar el uso del derecho penal en determinados casos. Por otra parte, voy a criticar el uso particular del concepto de igualdad aplicado por los defensores de la “solucion del castigo”.
{"title":"Usurpación, reclamos sociales y soluciones penales","authors":"Gustavo A. Beade","doi":"10.5354/0718-4735.2016.41617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5354/0718-4735.2016.41617","url":null,"abstract":"El trabajo cuestiona el uso particular del derecho penal en sociedades desiguales y en contra de grupos desaventajados con la intencion de limitar su acceso a derechos sociales constitucionales. Mas especificamente, defiendo la ocupacion de espacios publicos como consecuencia de la falla de los gobiernos en solucionar el problema del acceso a la vivienda digna. Voy a argumentar, por un lado, que debemos distinguir entre un reclamo social y un delito para evitar el uso del derecho penal en determinados casos. Por otra parte, voy a criticar el uso particular del concepto de igualdad aplicado por los defensores de la “solucion del castigo”.","PeriodicalId":31642,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Estudios de la Justicia","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71121059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-31DOI: 10.5354/0718-4735.2015.38974
A. B. Rodríguez
The article examines the constitutional status of the lex mitior-principle (retroactive application of the milder criminal law). This review provides a frame work for the analysis of a judgment of the Chilean Constitutional Court regarding a case arised by the application of a saving provision of the reform of chilean Bankruptcy law. The problema examined is the determination of the margin of legislative discretion left by the constitutional entrenchment of the principle.
{"title":"El principio de lex mitior ante el Tribunal Constitucional","authors":"A. B. Rodríguez","doi":"10.5354/0718-4735.2015.38974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5354/0718-4735.2015.38974","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the constitutional status of the lex mitior-principle (retroactive application of the milder criminal law). This review provides a frame work for the analysis of a judgment of the Chilean Constitutional Court regarding a case arised by the application of a saving provision of the reform of chilean Bankruptcy law. The problema examined is the determination of the margin of legislative discretion left by the constitutional entrenchment of the principle.","PeriodicalId":31642,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Estudios de la Justicia","volume":"1 1","pages":"11-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71120845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-31DOI: 10.5354/0718-4735.2015.38977
Juan Pablo Mañalich Raffo
The paper defends a reconstruction of the wrongfulness of the so called “incompatible negotiation” under Chilean criminal law, which can be understood as an “abstract endangerment” offense against probity in the exercise of public service and thus constitutes a differentiated kind of criminal corruption. Upon a conception based on the so called “contractual metaphor”, the structure of the wrongdoing of the offense is analyzed, aiming towards its status as “special offense” as well as towards the precise definition of its wrongfulness core, which can be identified with the “interested” intervention of a public servant in a certain transaction or operation. In connection hereto, the specific conditions of subjective responsibility are reviewed, with regard both to mens rea and the awareness of unlawfulness.
{"title":"La negociación incompatible como delito de corrupción: estructura típica y criterios de imputación","authors":"Juan Pablo Mañalich Raffo","doi":"10.5354/0718-4735.2015.38977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5354/0718-4735.2015.38977","url":null,"abstract":"The paper defends a reconstruction of the wrongfulness of the so called “incompatible negotiation” under Chilean criminal law, which can be understood as an “abstract endangerment” offense against probity in the exercise of public service and thus constitutes a differentiated kind of criminal corruption. Upon a conception based on the so called “contractual metaphor”, the structure of the wrongdoing of the offense is analyzed, aiming towards its status as “special offense” as well as towards the precise definition of its wrongfulness core, which can be identified with the “interested” intervention of a public servant in a certain transaction or operation. In connection hereto, the specific conditions of subjective responsibility are reviewed, with regard both to mens rea and the awareness of unlawfulness.","PeriodicalId":31642,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Estudios de la Justicia","volume":"1 1","pages":"93-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71120971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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