Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060333
O. Rabaste, L. Savy
In this article, we consider the problem of computing the optimal mismatched filter with respect to the Peak-to-SideLobe Ratio (PSLR). We propose to solve this problem via a convex quadratically constrained quadratic program that permits to obtain an optimal solution of the problem. The solution is obtain numerically by interior point methods. We show that this convex program can be modified to take into account additional constraints, for instance on the loss in processing gain, the mainlobe or sidelobe shapes and the Integrated Sidelobe Level. This strategy is applied to solve the PSLR problem for phase codes in radar applications, and for antenna arrays with a non negligible number of defective antennas. The results obtained show an interesting improvement of the PSLR for a predefined acceptable loss in processing gain, for both applications.
{"title":"Mismatched filter optimization via quadratic convex programming for radar applications","authors":"O. Rabaste, L. Savy","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060333","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we consider the problem of computing the optimal mismatched filter with respect to the Peak-to-SideLobe Ratio (PSLR). We propose to solve this problem via a convex quadratically constrained quadratic program that permits to obtain an optimal solution of the problem. The solution is obtain numerically by interior point methods. We show that this convex program can be modified to take into account additional constraints, for instance on the loss in processing gain, the mainlobe or sidelobe shapes and the Integrated Sidelobe Level. This strategy is applied to solve the PSLR problem for phase codes in radar applications, and for antenna arrays with a non negligible number of defective antennas. The results obtained show an interesting improvement of the PSLR for a predefined acceptable loss in processing gain, for both applications.","PeriodicalId":317910,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Radar Conference","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114622616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060410
L. Ménager, S. Formont, M. Biet, F. van Dijk, J. Hauden, C. Lenôtre
Following the increasing availability of reliable optical components, issued from the telecom domain, analog-optical links based on commercial modules have achieved performances which are close enough to system requirements to be extensively considered. With accurate understanding and modeling of these components, it has been demonstrated that RF photonics can be implemented to transmit and process RF signals in equipment. We report on recent progress concerning the development of several photonic modules to implement transmissions of radar (and electronic-warfare) signals in airborne environment.
{"title":"Recent progress on optical modules for analog signal remoting and distribution for airborne systems","authors":"L. Ménager, S. Formont, M. Biet, F. van Dijk, J. Hauden, C. Lenôtre","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060410","url":null,"abstract":"Following the increasing availability of reliable optical components, issued from the telecom domain, analog-optical links based on commercial modules have achieved performances which are close enough to system requirements to be extensively considered. With accurate understanding and modeling of these components, it has been demonstrated that RF photonics can be implemented to transmit and process RF signals in equipment. We report on recent progress concerning the development of several photonic modules to implement transmissions of radar (and electronic-warfare) signals in airborne environment.","PeriodicalId":317910,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Radar Conference","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128555552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060411
V. Chernyak
The problem of fluctuating signal detection in a background of spatially correlated interferences for MIMO radars with colocated antennas is considered. Optimum (LRT) algorithms are analyzed. A system of narrow receiving beams in MIMO radars without space scanning realizes preliminary spatial filtration: separation of targets and sidelobe interference sources. As a result, the complicated optimal detection algorithms with interference cancellation may be replaced by the simpler suboptimal algorithm. Comparative analysis of the optimal and suboptimal detection algorithms presented in the paper shows insignificant energy loss for the latter one.
{"title":"Spatially correlated interference cancellation and target detection by MIMO radars","authors":"V. Chernyak","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060411","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of fluctuating signal detection in a background of spatially correlated interferences for MIMO radars with colocated antennas is considered. Optimum (LRT) algorithms are analyzed. A system of narrow receiving beams in MIMO radars without space scanning realizes preliminary spatial filtration: separation of targets and sidelobe interference sources. As a result, the complicated optimal detection algorithms with interference cancellation may be replaced by the simpler suboptimal algorithm. Comparative analysis of the optimal and suboptimal detection algorithms presented in the paper shows insignificant energy loss for the latter one.","PeriodicalId":317910,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Radar Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130031993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060342
J. Wang, Xiaojian Xu
This paper proposes a procedure for simulation of the temporally and spatially correlated low grazing angle sea clutter based on the statistical and correlated characteristics. The magnitudes are Pareto distributed and the temporal correlation characteristics in separated range bins are different from each other. Firstly, the memoryless nonlinear transform (MNLT) is adopted to directly simulate the Pareto distributed high resolution range profiles (HRRPs) of the temporally and spatially correlated sea clutter from coherent pulses. Secondly, by utilizing the approximately linear relationship between the central Doppler frequency and the magnitude of low grazing angle sea clutter, Doppler spectrum of each range bin is modeled. Then, the alternating projection (AP) approach is used to retrieve the phases of sea clutter with desired Doppler spectrum and given magnitudes. Finally, simulation results show the Pareto distributed temporally and spatially correlated sea clutter with desired spatial correlation function and range resolved Doppler spectra.
{"title":"Simulation of Pareto distributed temporally and spatially correlated low grazing angle sea clutter","authors":"J. Wang, Xiaojian Xu","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060342","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a procedure for simulation of the temporally and spatially correlated low grazing angle sea clutter based on the statistical and correlated characteristics. The magnitudes are Pareto distributed and the temporal correlation characteristics in separated range bins are different from each other. Firstly, the memoryless nonlinear transform (MNLT) is adopted to directly simulate the Pareto distributed high resolution range profiles (HRRPs) of the temporally and spatially correlated sea clutter from coherent pulses. Secondly, by utilizing the approximately linear relationship between the central Doppler frequency and the magnitude of low grazing angle sea clutter, Doppler spectrum of each range bin is modeled. Then, the alternating projection (AP) approach is used to retrieve the phases of sea clutter with desired Doppler spectrum and given magnitudes. Finally, simulation results show the Pareto distributed temporally and spatially correlated sea clutter with desired spatial correlation function and range resolved Doppler spectra.","PeriodicalId":317910,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Radar Conference","volume":"45 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129752678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060447
Huikai Zang, Hongwei Liu, Shenghua Zhou, Xu Wang
Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar has been intensively studied recently and an interesting issue is to design waveforms for a desirable transmitting beampattern and a low sidelobe level. In this paper, for a given colocated MIMO radar system, we propose an algorithm that takes the receiving beamforming into consideration in waveform design. With cross-correlation sidelobes suppressed in receiving beamforming, the optimization algorithm can places more degrees of freedom on suppressing other components and thus a better result can be obtained. The performance of this method is evaluated for both omnidirectional and directional transmitting beampatterns.
{"title":"MIMO radar waveform design involving receiving beamforming","authors":"Huikai Zang, Hongwei Liu, Shenghua Zhou, Xu Wang","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060447","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar has been intensively studied recently and an interesting issue is to design waveforms for a desirable transmitting beampattern and a low sidelobe level. In this paper, for a given colocated MIMO radar system, we propose an algorithm that takes the receiving beamforming into consideration in waveform design. With cross-correlation sidelobes suppressed in receiving beamforming, the optimization algorithm can places more degrees of freedom on suppressing other components and thus a better result can be obtained. The performance of this method is evaluated for both omnidirectional and directional transmitting beampatterns.","PeriodicalId":317910,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Radar Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129981564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper studies sparse image reconstruction based on digital video broadcasting-satellites (DVB-S) system. The signal model is slightly different from our previous research [1-2], i.e. we consider the Swerling I model to characterize the target response, which means the scattering coefficients of the target resonate at different frequencies. Due to this effect, the performance of the conventional sparse recovery methods would decrease considerably. By utilizing the sparse learning via iterative minimization (SLIM) with the Laplace priors, we propose an effective algorithm named Laplace-SLIM to deal with the aforementioned joint sparse recovery problem, which can be seen as a kind of reweighted l1-norm algorithm. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method and related analysis.
{"title":"Sparse passive radar imaging based on DVB-S using the Laplace-SLIM algorithm","authors":"Yu Xiaofei, Tianyun Wang, Xinfei Lu, Chang Chen, Weidong Chen","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060281","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies sparse image reconstruction based on digital video broadcasting-satellites (DVB-S) system. The signal model is slightly different from our previous research [1-2], i.e. we consider the Swerling I model to characterize the target response, which means the scattering coefficients of the target resonate at different frequencies. Due to this effect, the performance of the conventional sparse recovery methods would decrease considerably. By utilizing the sparse learning via iterative minimization (SLIM) with the Laplace priors, we propose an effective algorithm named Laplace-SLIM to deal with the aforementioned joint sparse recovery problem, which can be seen as a kind of reweighted l1-norm algorithm. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method and related analysis.","PeriodicalId":317910,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Radar Conference","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128190087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060378
A. El Gonnouni, F. Lehmann
In this paper we address the problem of multiple target tracking using passive radars. The fusion of data from several bistatic radars will be used to facilitate the detection of multiple targets. We propose a strategy for performing target localization and robustness against ghost target rejection in multistatic passive radars. We report the effect of our proposed technique on tracker performance in terms of probability of tracks loss, probability of false tracks and mean squared error.
{"title":"Deghosting method for multiple target tracking in a single frequency network","authors":"A. El Gonnouni, F. Lehmann","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060378","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we address the problem of multiple target tracking using passive radars. The fusion of data from several bistatic radars will be used to facilitate the detection of multiple targets. We propose a strategy for performing target localization and robustness against ghost target rejection in multistatic passive radars. We report the effect of our proposed technique on tracker performance in terms of probability of tracks loss, probability of false tracks and mean squared error.","PeriodicalId":317910,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Radar Conference","volume":"327 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124609104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060420
S. Torres, Ric Adams, C. Curtis, Eddie Forren, D. Forsyth, I. Ivić, D. Priegnitz, J. Thompson, D. Warde
This paper describes the latest adaptive scanning and multifunction capabilities of the National Weather Radar Testbed Phased-Array Radar located in Norman, Oklahoma (USA). Proof-of-concept focused and tailored observations of weather and scheduling algorithms for multifunction operation are described, and their performance is illustrated with real-data examples. It is demonstrated that adaptive scanning of weather is feasible in a multifunction radar and has the potential to reduce revisit times and to provide meteorological data that can aid in the forecaster's warning-decision process.
{"title":"A demonstration of adaptive weather surveillance and multifunction capabilities on the National Weather Radar Testbed Phased Array Radar","authors":"S. Torres, Ric Adams, C. Curtis, Eddie Forren, D. Forsyth, I. Ivić, D. Priegnitz, J. Thompson, D. Warde","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060420","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the latest adaptive scanning and multifunction capabilities of the National Weather Radar Testbed Phased-Array Radar located in Norman, Oklahoma (USA). Proof-of-concept focused and tailored observations of weather and scheduling algorithms for multifunction operation are described, and their performance is illustrated with real-data examples. It is demonstrated that adaptive scanning of weather is feasible in a multifunction radar and has the potential to reduce revisit times and to provide meteorological data that can aid in the forecaster's warning-decision process.","PeriodicalId":317910,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Radar Conference","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126444259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060400
R. Rieger, P. Schuh, M. Oppermann
Modern active electronically steered antennas (AESA) operate in different platforms and systems. Inside AIRBUS Defence & Space, the focus on X-band antennas today is on airborne and fighter nose radars, in satellite based SAR antennas (synthetic aperture radar) for earth observation, and ground surveillance and security radars. Active airborne antennas are assembled with hundreds or even thousands of transmit/receive modules. This paper will describe the evolution of the so-called standardized module solution based on LTCC package technology with special regard to airborne applications and the correlated needs. This evolution especially contains significant optimization steps concerning area, weight and cost. By realization of an SMTR® Module suitable to a folded plank concept a significant reduction of installation depth could be achieved. As the module weight is dominated by its package, technology evaluation and implementation of advantageous concepts and materials was performed, here. Cost reduction is always a key focus of T/R module evolution as the modules still allocate a big part of antenna's production cost. Some steps have been realised here both on technology and component level. The next generation of AESA antennas will result in a combination of different operating modes within the same antenna front end, including radar, communication (data links), and jamming (electronic warfare, EW). This leads to enhanced demands especially towards the MMICs. The RF section of today's T/R modules for AESA applications is typically based on GaAs technology. During the last 10 years there was much progress in the development of disruptive semiconductor materials, especially GaN and SiGe BiCMOS, which have the potential to challenge or even replace the GaAs technology, here. This paper will describe and show this evolution through the last years and shall give an outlook towards future developments with regard to airborne applications.
{"title":"SMTR® module - Evolution towards airborne applications","authors":"R. Rieger, P. Schuh, M. Oppermann","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060400","url":null,"abstract":"Modern active electronically steered antennas (AESA) operate in different platforms and systems. Inside AIRBUS Defence & Space, the focus on X-band antennas today is on airborne and fighter nose radars, in satellite based SAR antennas (synthetic aperture radar) for earth observation, and ground surveillance and security radars. Active airborne antennas are assembled with hundreds or even thousands of transmit/receive modules. This paper will describe the evolution of the so-called standardized module solution based on LTCC package technology with special regard to airborne applications and the correlated needs. This evolution especially contains significant optimization steps concerning area, weight and cost. By realization of an SMTR® Module suitable to a folded plank concept a significant reduction of installation depth could be achieved. As the module weight is dominated by its package, technology evaluation and implementation of advantageous concepts and materials was performed, here. Cost reduction is always a key focus of T/R module evolution as the modules still allocate a big part of antenna's production cost. Some steps have been realised here both on technology and component level. The next generation of AESA antennas will result in a combination of different operating modes within the same antenna front end, including radar, communication (data links), and jamming (electronic warfare, EW). This leads to enhanced demands especially towards the MMICs. The RF section of today's T/R modules for AESA applications is typically based on GaAs technology. During the last 10 years there was much progress in the development of disruptive semiconductor materials, especially GaN and SiGe BiCMOS, which have the potential to challenge or even replace the GaAs technology, here. This paper will describe and show this evolution through the last years and shall give an outlook towards future developments with regard to airborne applications.","PeriodicalId":317910,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Radar Conference","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127197776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060403
Dmitry A. Kovalev, V. Veremyev
This paper provides an overview of the Digital Video Broadcasting-Second Generation Terrestrial (DVB-T2) signal structure and using this signal in passive radar systems. The cross-ambiguity function (CAF) of the DVB-T2 signal is analyzed. The specific structure of the DVB-T2 signal is a reason of the unwanted deterministic peaks appearing in the CAF in addition to the desired reflected target echo. These undesired peaks produced by pilot carriers and guard intervals can mask the target echo and cause false alarms. A CAF correction method based on the modification pilot carriers and blanking guard intervals of the reference DVB-T2 signal is proposed. The total losses of the DVB-T2 signal power after correction is about 14% (-0.64dB).
{"title":"Correction of DVB-T2 signal cross-ambiguity function for passive radar","authors":"Dmitry A. Kovalev, V. Veremyev","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060403","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides an overview of the Digital Video Broadcasting-Second Generation Terrestrial (DVB-T2) signal structure and using this signal in passive radar systems. The cross-ambiguity function (CAF) of the DVB-T2 signal is analyzed. The specific structure of the DVB-T2 signal is a reason of the unwanted deterministic peaks appearing in the CAF in addition to the desired reflected target echo. These undesired peaks produced by pilot carriers and guard intervals can mask the target echo and cause false alarms. A CAF correction method based on the modification pilot carriers and blanking guard intervals of the reference DVB-T2 signal is proposed. The total losses of the DVB-T2 signal power after correction is about 14% (-0.64dB).","PeriodicalId":317910,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Radar Conference","volume":"402 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127594377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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