Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060424
Xin Zhang, Weibo Deng, Qiang Yang, Yingning Dong
High Frequency Surface Wave Radar (HFSWR) can perform the functions of ocean environment monitoring, target detection, and target tracking over the horizon. However, its system performance is always limited by the severe ionospheric clutter environment. The ionospheric clutter generally can cover a few Doppler units and a few angle units. Consequently, Bragg lines masked by the ionospheric clutter are difficult to be recognized. In this paper, we exploit the Space-Time Adaptive Processing method to the HFSWR signal processing, and propose a strategy of choosing Protected Doppler Units to improve the Joint Domain Localised (JDL) algorithm. The results with measured data show that the modified JDL algorithm is effective and the Bragg lines masked by ionospheric can be recognized more easily.
{"title":"Modified Space-Time Adaptive Processing with first-order bragg lines kept in HFSWR","authors":"Xin Zhang, Weibo Deng, Qiang Yang, Yingning Dong","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060424","url":null,"abstract":"High Frequency Surface Wave Radar (HFSWR) can perform the functions of ocean environment monitoring, target detection, and target tracking over the horizon. However, its system performance is always limited by the severe ionospheric clutter environment. The ionospheric clutter generally can cover a few Doppler units and a few angle units. Consequently, Bragg lines masked by the ionospheric clutter are difficult to be recognized. In this paper, we exploit the Space-Time Adaptive Processing method to the HFSWR signal processing, and propose a strategy of choosing Protected Doppler Units to improve the Joint Domain Localised (JDL) algorithm. The results with measured data show that the modified JDL algorithm is effective and the Bragg lines masked by ionospheric can be recognized more easily.","PeriodicalId":317910,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Radar Conference","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125451443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060432
D. Sego, H. Griffiths
We continue the evaluation of nontraditional emitters and waveforms to bistatic radio frequency tomography using digital broadcast television signals, and the associated waveform processing. This paper is a sequel to the original work wherein the move-stop-move approximation was employed and the problems of direct signal breakthrough were covered. Here we evaluate tomographic reconstruction including the effects of platform motion during reception and develop an exact solution to compensate for Doppler. A pseudorandom (PN) binary phase-coded waveform is used to represent the digital, high definition television waveform and justified based upon measured signal examples.
{"title":"Bistatic tomography using digital broadcast television - Exact solution for platform motion","authors":"D. Sego, H. Griffiths","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060432","url":null,"abstract":"We continue the evaluation of nontraditional emitters and waveforms to bistatic radio frequency tomography using digital broadcast television signals, and the associated waveform processing. This paper is a sequel to the original work wherein the move-stop-move approximation was employed and the problems of direct signal breakthrough were covered. Here we evaluate tomographic reconstruction including the effects of platform motion during reception and develop an exact solution to compensate for Doppler. A pseudorandom (PN) binary phase-coded waveform is used to represent the digital, high definition television waveform and justified based upon measured signal examples.","PeriodicalId":317910,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Radar Conference","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126612682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060406
M. Wielgo, P. Krysik, K. Klincewicz, L. Maslikowski, S. Rzewuski, K. Kulpa
The localization in a classical multistatic passive radar is based on finding bistatic ellipsoid crossing with at least three pairs of transmitter-receiver. The localization accuracy is dependent on the geometry and bandwidth of the illumination signal. For narrow band signals like GSM cellular phone transmission the bistatic range resolution is very poor, in a range of several kilometers. The paper presents an alternative solution - exploitation of Doppler information and localization based on Doppler-only measurements. Because there were 4 unknowns (in 2-D localization: two spatial and to velocity components) or 6 unknowns (in 3D localization) it is necessary to have at least 4 or 6 bistatic measurements to localized the target. The paper presents the theory of Doppler-only target localization in GSM passive radar, related simulation results and accuracy considerations.
{"title":"Doppler only localization in GSM-based passive radar","authors":"M. Wielgo, P. Krysik, K. Klincewicz, L. Maslikowski, S. Rzewuski, K. Kulpa","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060406","url":null,"abstract":"The localization in a classical multistatic passive radar is based on finding bistatic ellipsoid crossing with at least three pairs of transmitter-receiver. The localization accuracy is dependent on the geometry and bandwidth of the illumination signal. For narrow band signals like GSM cellular phone transmission the bistatic range resolution is very poor, in a range of several kilometers. The paper presents an alternative solution - exploitation of Doppler information and localization based on Doppler-only measurements. Because there were 4 unknowns (in 2-D localization: two spatial and to velocity components) or 6 unknowns (in 3D localization) it is necessary to have at least 4 or 6 bistatic measurements to localized the target. The paper presents the theory of Doppler-only target localization in GSM passive radar, related simulation results and accuracy considerations.","PeriodicalId":317910,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Radar Conference","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126216544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060293
F. Belfiori, G. Babur, P. Aubry, F. Le Chevalier
Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) radars represent a new class of sensors which combine orthogonal waveform transmissions and multichannel designs to improve specific performance of the system. Well known benefits are achieved in terms of either angular resolution, in the coherent MIMO scenario, or higher detection probability, in the statistical MIMO approach. In this paper the authors investigate the properties of the MIMO concept from another perspective. By exploiting the waveform agility characteristic of such systems, the simultaneous transmissions are used to synthesise independent channels which are then combined as for an angular monopulse detector. In fact, leading to a monopulse on transmit configuration. The analysis shows the theoretical improvement, in terms of angular accuracy, achieved by the MIMO array and the experimental results obtained by a monopulse on transmit with a simplified radar set-up.
{"title":"Monopulse on transmit by means of orthogonal probing signals: Theoretical and experimental validations","authors":"F. Belfiori, G. Babur, P. Aubry, F. Le Chevalier","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060293","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) radars represent a new class of sensors which combine orthogonal waveform transmissions and multichannel designs to improve specific performance of the system. Well known benefits are achieved in terms of either angular resolution, in the coherent MIMO scenario, or higher detection probability, in the statistical MIMO approach. In this paper the authors investigate the properties of the MIMO concept from another perspective. By exploiting the waveform agility characteristic of such systems, the simultaneous transmissions are used to synthesise independent channels which are then combined as for an angular monopulse detector. In fact, leading to a monopulse on transmit configuration. The analysis shows the theoretical improvement, in terms of angular accuracy, achieved by the MIMO array and the experimental results obtained by a monopulse on transmit with a simplified radar set-up.","PeriodicalId":317910,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Radar Conference","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124863844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060440
Emilie Avignon-Meseldzija, S. Azarian
This paper investigates the design of switched-capacitor filters for reconfigurable frequency synthesizer dedicated to FMCW radar. Simulations mixing electronics level and systems level demonstrates that it is possible to generate a chirp waveform with performances close to the one obtained with an ideal continuous-time filter. This chirp waveform is simulated in a simplified FMCW radar model to evaluate effects of the imperfection on the radar. The motivation of this work is the design of reconfigurable and digitally controlled FMCW source based on free-running VCO.
{"title":"Dynamically reconfigurable frequency synthesizer for integrated FMCW radar","authors":"Emilie Avignon-Meseldzija, S. Azarian","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060440","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the design of switched-capacitor filters for reconfigurable frequency synthesizer dedicated to FMCW radar. Simulations mixing electronics level and systems level demonstrates that it is possible to generate a chirp waveform with performances close to the one obtained with an ideal continuous-time filter. This chirp waveform is simulated in a simplified FMCW radar model to evaluate effects of the imperfection on the radar. The motivation of this work is the design of reconfigurable and digitally controlled FMCW source based on free-running VCO.","PeriodicalId":317910,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Radar Conference","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124348735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060443
K. Huo, Zhaokun Qiu, Yongxiang Liu, Weidong Jiang
With fixed emitted waveforms, traditional radars could not achieve optimal performance when the target and environment change. Cognitive radar can apperceive changing information outside, feed back to the transmitter intelligently, and then adjust waveforms to achieve better performance. Therefore, cognitive radar can fit the fast changing environment of modern battlefield better than the traditional radar. The advantage of OFDM signals for cognitive radar is analyzed in this paper firstly. And then, a new architecture of OFDM cognitive radar is proposed. The crucial component - adaptive waveform design for the OFDM cognitive radar is addressed to solve the key problem of “learning” and “feedback” in cognitive radar. The main idea is to establish the “estimation-optimization” mechanism to handle the changing of the target and the surrounding environment. Simulation results demonstrate that the performance of OFDM cognitive radar is better than that of traditional radar.
{"title":"An adaptive waveform design method for OFDM cognitive radar","authors":"K. Huo, Zhaokun Qiu, Yongxiang Liu, Weidong Jiang","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060443","url":null,"abstract":"With fixed emitted waveforms, traditional radars could not achieve optimal performance when the target and environment change. Cognitive radar can apperceive changing information outside, feed back to the transmitter intelligently, and then adjust waveforms to achieve better performance. Therefore, cognitive radar can fit the fast changing environment of modern battlefield better than the traditional radar. The advantage of OFDM signals for cognitive radar is analyzed in this paper firstly. And then, a new architecture of OFDM cognitive radar is proposed. The crucial component - adaptive waveform design for the OFDM cognitive radar is addressed to solve the key problem of “learning” and “feedback” in cognitive radar. The main idea is to establish the “estimation-optimization” mechanism to handle the changing of the target and the surrounding environment. Simulation results demonstrate that the performance of OFDM cognitive radar is better than that of traditional radar.","PeriodicalId":317910,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Radar Conference","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123607389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060351
J. Julie, S. Kemkemian, Julien Lafaix
The Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) domain presents a growing interest in the eyes of modern headquarters. Their role is more and more strategic as they are involved in a large variety of missions such as intelligence or ground targets attack but also air combat in the future. Specific technologies called multi-sensors are implemented in these platforms, especially in the domain of radio-frequency arrays with, for example, the use of Multi-Function Antennas (MFA) panels. This article deals with the sensors fusion issue through a global reflection on the processing architecture. Should we give priority to a centralized architecture (processing farm) in comparison to a distributed architecture? Could a partially centralized architecture be the solution? Starting from UAV specific constraints and types of processing to achieve, the article will analyze the pros and cons of all configurations before conclusion.
{"title":"Multi-sensors onboard UAV, what is the most suitable processing machine architecture?","authors":"J. Julie, S. Kemkemian, Julien Lafaix","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060351","url":null,"abstract":"The Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) domain presents a growing interest in the eyes of modern headquarters. Their role is more and more strategic as they are involved in a large variety of missions such as intelligence or ground targets attack but also air combat in the future. Specific technologies called multi-sensors are implemented in these platforms, especially in the domain of radio-frequency arrays with, for example, the use of Multi-Function Antennas (MFA) panels. This article deals with the sensors fusion issue through a global reflection on the processing architecture. Should we give priority to a centralized architecture (processing farm) in comparison to a distributed architecture? Could a partially centralized architecture be the solution? Starting from UAV specific constraints and types of processing to achieve, the article will analyze the pros and cons of all configurations before conclusion.","PeriodicalId":317910,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Radar Conference","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131602029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060381
F. Hejazi, Y. Norouzi, M. Nayebi
In this paper a new passive imaging method is introduced that is mainly suitable for Geo-locating LPI radars. The method uses two Electronic Support (ES) receivers located on a fast moving platform (e.g. an airplane or a satellite). The proposed method has a high processing gain which makes it absolutely suitable against very weak LPI signals. It is also capable in radar location finding against complex radars and complicated electromagnetic environment.
{"title":"SAR processing To localize LPI radars","authors":"F. Hejazi, Y. Norouzi, M. Nayebi","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060381","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a new passive imaging method is introduced that is mainly suitable for Geo-locating LPI radars. The method uses two Electronic Support (ES) receivers located on a fast moving platform (e.g. an airplane or a satellite). The proposed method has a high processing gain which makes it absolutely suitable against very weak LPI signals. It is also capable in radar location finding against complex radars and complicated electromagnetic environment.","PeriodicalId":317910,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Radar Conference","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124689435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060350
C. Mazière, D. Gapillout, T. Gasseling, T. Decaesteke, Y. Mancuso
In radar systems, where pulsed RF signals are used, one of the main concern is the spurious emission. Such spurious are emissions of frequencies outside the bandwidth of interest. The spurious level must be kept under a Aaaaa level to be compliant with the specifications. In order to check all these specifications, system level simulation can be used, but accuracy and reliability of the simulation results will depend on the circuit model reliability, especially for the Power Amplifier (PA) which is a critical element. Such model must take into account the different memory effects. This paper proposes a complete and practical methodology to extract a Behavioral PA model dedicated to radar applications. A specific attention is paid on the coupling effects between short and long term memory dynamics.
{"title":"Behavioral Power Amplifier Model considering Memory Effects dedicated to radar system simulation","authors":"C. Mazière, D. Gapillout, T. Gasseling, T. Decaesteke, Y. Mancuso","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060350","url":null,"abstract":"In radar systems, where pulsed RF signals are used, one of the main concern is the spurious emission. Such spurious are emissions of frequencies outside the bandwidth of interest. The spurious level must be kept under a Aaaaa level to be compliant with the specifications. In order to check all these specifications, system level simulation can be used, but accuracy and reliability of the simulation results will depend on the circuit model reliability, especially for the Power Amplifier (PA) which is a critical element. Such model must take into account the different memory effects. This paper proposes a complete and practical methodology to extract a Behavioral PA model dedicated to radar applications. A specific attention is paid on the coupling effects between short and long term memory dynamics.","PeriodicalId":317910,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Radar Conference","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122271728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060405
M. Weiss
Bistatic/passive radars offer several advantages over monostatic radars. One of them is that the separation of transmitter and receiver opens the possibility to illuminate the targets from different aspect angels compared to the receiver. This spatial diversity can enhance the capability of target detection, parameter estimation, and identification, especially for stealth objects with low monostatic radar cross sections. Another benefit for passive radar is the lower cost of production and operation as existing transmitters are used as illuminators of opportunity. Accordingly the power maintenance is much lower compared to an active radar system. However, there are two main challenges linked to bistatic/passive radars: the high dynamic range of the receiver due to the very strong direct signal, in particular if the illuminator transmits continuously as it is the case for broadcast stations, and the required high integration gain to detect manoeuvring objects. The first issue is part of the analog processing chain and has to be taken into account during the design stage of the receiver. The second challenge is to collect enough signal energy to detect weak target signals covered by a strong direct and multi-path signals. A requirement to achieve this is a clean reference signal for pulse compression. In case of orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) waveforms this reference signal can be exactly reconstructed even from a distorted signal. This paper presents the results from an investigation applying compressive sensing techniques to improve the signal processing of passive radar systems using a digital audio broadcast station as an illuminator of opportunity.
{"title":"Compressive sensing for passive surveillance radar using DAB signals","authors":"M. Weiss","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060405","url":null,"abstract":"Bistatic/passive radars offer several advantages over monostatic radars. One of them is that the separation of transmitter and receiver opens the possibility to illuminate the targets from different aspect angels compared to the receiver. This spatial diversity can enhance the capability of target detection, parameter estimation, and identification, especially for stealth objects with low monostatic radar cross sections. Another benefit for passive radar is the lower cost of production and operation as existing transmitters are used as illuminators of opportunity. Accordingly the power maintenance is much lower compared to an active radar system. However, there are two main challenges linked to bistatic/passive radars: the high dynamic range of the receiver due to the very strong direct signal, in particular if the illuminator transmits continuously as it is the case for broadcast stations, and the required high integration gain to detect manoeuvring objects. The first issue is part of the analog processing chain and has to be taken into account during the design stage of the receiver. The second challenge is to collect enough signal energy to detect weak target signals covered by a strong direct and multi-path signals. A requirement to achieve this is a clean reference signal for pulse compression. In case of orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) waveforms this reference signal can be exactly reconstructed even from a distorted signal. This paper presents the results from an investigation applying compressive sensing techniques to improve the signal processing of passive radar systems using a digital audio broadcast station as an illuminator of opportunity.","PeriodicalId":317910,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Radar Conference","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123143513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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