We study an opinion formation game between a Designer and an Adversary. While the Designer creates the network, both these players can influence network nodes (agents) initially, with ties being broken in favor of the Designer. Final opinions of agents are a convex combination of own opinions and the average network peer opinion. The optimal influence strategy shows threshold effects with non-empty equilibrium networks having star type architectures. By contrast, when the tie-breaking rule favors the Adversary, non-empty equilibrium networks are regular networks. The effect of random interactions between network nodes altering the network is also studied.
{"title":"When Influencers Compete on Social Networks","authors":"C. Bravard, J. Durieu, S. Sarangi, Corinne Touati","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3546523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3546523","url":null,"abstract":"We study an opinion formation game between a Designer and an Adversary. While the Designer creates the network, both these players can influence network nodes (agents) initially, with ties being broken in favor of the Designer. Final opinions of agents are a convex combination of own opinions and the average network peer opinion. The optimal influence strategy shows threshold effects with non-empty equilibrium networks having star type architectures. By contrast, when the tie-breaking rule favors the Adversary, non-empty equilibrium networks are regular networks. The effect of random interactions between network nodes altering the network is also studied.","PeriodicalId":319022,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Networks eJournal","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123602788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this PERSPECTIVE, I consider this concern but conclude that the Commission’s plan for the C-Band will not reduce the funds available for the Treasury to fund social programs. In fact, the Commission’s proposal is designed purposely not to do so. Based on best estimates, the Agency’s C-Band White Copy Order, if adopted, is expected to increase the net revenues available for these social programs by nearly $1 billion.
{"title":"Could Acceleration Payments Increase Funding for Broadband? A Review of the FCC’s C-Band Plan","authors":"George S. Ford","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3608436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3608436","url":null,"abstract":"In this PERSPECTIVE, I consider this concern but conclude that the Commission’s plan for the C-Band will not reduce the funds available for the Treasury to fund social programs. In fact, the Commission’s proposal is designed purposely not to do so. Based on best estimates, the Agency’s C-Band White Copy Order, if adopted, is expected to increase the net revenues available<br>for these social programs by nearly $1 billion.","PeriodicalId":319022,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Networks eJournal","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124843997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper analyzes the interaction between firm heterogeneity, domestic and international production networks, and firm productivity. A detailed analysis of 2006-2017 data shows that input- output linkages across Turkish manufacturing firms provide an amplification mechanism for shocks. After finding strong evidence that supports the asymmetry of the firm-level production networks, I build a model that lays a theoretical foundation upon which establish a linkage between productivity and performance in production networks. Empirical results support the theoretical model and demonstrate the close relationship between the sophistication of a firm’s production network, its productivity, and its entry decision regarding export markets. This study provides evidence on how firms become more productive if they are part of a sophisticated production network while proposing a hypothesis of learning- by-networking with other firms in their production network. Productivity gains also correlated to the firm’s network position in the supply chain, industry class, and the diversity of its export destinations.
{"title":"Endogenous Production Networks and Learning-by-Networking","authors":"Nuriye Melisa Bilgin","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3542371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3542371","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes the interaction between firm heterogeneity, domestic and international production networks, and firm productivity. A detailed analysis of 2006-2017 data shows that input- output linkages across Turkish manufacturing firms provide an amplification mechanism for shocks. After finding strong evidence that supports the asymmetry of the firm-level production networks, I build a model that lays a theoretical foundation upon which establish a linkage between productivity and performance in production networks. Empirical results support the theoretical model and demonstrate the close relationship between the sophistication of a firm’s production network, its productivity, and its entry decision regarding export markets. This study provides evidence on how firms become more productive if they are part of a sophisticated production network while proposing a hypothesis of learning- by-networking with other firms in their production network. Productivity gains also correlated to the firm’s network position in the supply chain, industry class, and the diversity of its export destinations.","PeriodicalId":319022,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Networks eJournal","volume":"237 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132397049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study analyzes the business model decision of social platforms with a commerce feature. In practice, social platforms can adopt either an advertising model or a brokerage model. We develop a game-theoretic model to recommend the better business model and investigate the effect of social factors on strategy choice. We find that several factors, including the network effects between advertisers and consumers, the basic value of the commerce feature, and the social value, affect the business model decision. Specifically, when the ratio between the network effects of advertisers and consumers is large enough, meanwhile the commerce feature’s basic value and the social value are both at an intermediate level, the advertising model is optimal. Otherwise, the brokerage model is optimal. Interestingly, when the intrinsic value of products is adequately large, the social platform’s profit decreases with the commerce feature’s basic value. Finally, given an increase in the commerce feature’s basic value, when the intrinsic value of the products is in different ranges, the profit and the social platform decision may show different trends.
{"title":"Advertising or Brokerage Model for Social Platforms With a Commerce Feature","authors":"Guofang Nan, Chen Chu, Zhiyong Li, Minqiang Li","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3539523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3539523","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyzes the business model decision of social platforms with a commerce feature. In practice, social platforms can adopt either an advertising model or a brokerage model. We develop a game-theoretic model to recommend the better business model and investigate the effect of social factors on strategy choice. We find that several factors, including the network effects between advertisers and consumers, the basic value of the commerce feature, and the social value, affect the business model decision. Specifically, when the ratio between the network effects of advertisers and consumers is large enough, meanwhile the commerce feature’s basic value and the social value are both at an intermediate level, the advertising model is optimal. Otherwise, the brokerage model is optimal. Interestingly, when the intrinsic value of products is adequately large, the social platform’s profit decreases with the commerce feature’s basic value. Finally, given an increase in the commerce feature’s basic value, when the intrinsic value of the products is in different ranges, the profit and the social platform decision may show different trends.","PeriodicalId":319022,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Networks eJournal","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131217645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tourism is an important source of foreign exchange and employment across developing economies. A scant literature has explored the relationship between tourism and the advent of the internet. This paper contributes to the tourism-trade literature and studies the empirical relationship between international tourism and the adoption of digital technologies that facilitate search about tourism opportunities across countries. It links foreign visits with the spread of the use of the internet in sending countries and the level of development of business-to-consumer digital tools in host countries. The paper estimates a well-specified gravity model of tourist arrivals between country pairs with panel data. The results indicate that frictions affecting bilateral tourism flows have been attenuated by the advent of digital tools. The absolute value of the effects of bilateral geographic distance, language differences, and border-contiguity seem to be reduced by the use of the internet by potential tourists and the business sector in host countries. The results are robust to alternative proxies for internet use for tourism search proxied by data from Google trends. The paper also presents simulations of the potential impacts of advances in the adoption of digital tools over time, linking the adoption process to mechanisms of technology adoption that are commonplace in the literature.
{"title":"Digital Platforms and the Demand for International Tourism Services","authors":"J. Lopez Cordova","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-9147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-9147","url":null,"abstract":"Tourism is an important source of foreign exchange and employment across developing economies. A scant literature has explored the relationship between tourism and the advent of the internet. This paper contributes to the tourism-trade literature and studies the empirical relationship between international tourism and the adoption of digital technologies that facilitate search about tourism opportunities across countries. It links foreign visits with the spread of the use of the internet in sending countries and the level of development of business-to-consumer digital tools in host countries. The paper estimates a well-specified gravity model of tourist arrivals between country pairs with panel data. The results indicate that frictions affecting bilateral tourism flows have been attenuated by the advent of digital tools. The absolute value of the effects of bilateral geographic distance, language differences, and border-contiguity seem to be reduced by the use of the internet by potential tourists and the business sector in host countries. The results are robust to alternative proxies for internet use for tourism search proxied by data from Google trends. The paper also presents simulations of the potential impacts of advances in the adoption of digital tools over time, linking the adoption process to mechanisms of technology adoption that are commonplace in the literature.","PeriodicalId":319022,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Networks eJournal","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130603104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper discusses the social communication process of consumer brands through the conventional and non-conventional networks. Retail industry and companies promoting consumer products are highly engaged in developing brand literacy through both networks in the global marketplace today. This paper critically examines the most recent research contributions on the brand literacy, identifies gaps, and aims at discussing the strategic model building process around social marketing approaches and integrating brand socialization within the up-and downstream markets.
{"title":"Brand Socialization Process through Up- and Down-stream Social Marketing Strategy: Analyzing Contemporary Research and Strategy Modeling","authors":"A. Rajagopal","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3528571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3528571","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the social communication process of consumer brands through the conventional and non-conventional networks. Retail industry and companies promoting consumer products are highly engaged in developing brand literacy through both networks in the global marketplace today. This paper critically examines the most recent research contributions on the brand literacy, identifies gaps, and aims at discussing the strategic model building process around social marketing approaches and integrating brand socialization within the up-and downstream markets.","PeriodicalId":319022,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Networks eJournal","volume":"297 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116593950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-30DOI: 10.34218/ijm.11.1.2020.003
Gowtham Aashirwad Kumar, Dr A Ravi Kumar
In latest years era has attempted to fulfill its role in helping humanity leading to the good sized medium of interaction within the social world in addition to in teaching and learning. Over the years those in higher training has discover the exciting possibilities new technology carry to institutions, educators and students. Technology has modified the manner people have interaction and has brought about the emergence of an open social platform such as social media that allows the population of this planet earth to connect with each other making the sector a international village. Social media together with Face book, Twitter, Google Plus, and Flickr, are getting used in gaining knowledge of for the purpose of convenient communique with different college students and doubtlessly with others out of doors the class such as students of the same topic and subject experts. Web based life utilization among medicinal understudies has additionally seen enormous surge. It is giving therapeutic educationists new ideal models in instructing learning movement. A few situations currently supplement customary up close and personal preparing with web based life workshops, online little gathering work, and even one-on-one coaching. Such exercises in India are restricted right now albeit ongoing information have demonstrated evolving patterns.
{"title":"A Study on Impact of Social Media on Academic Performance","authors":"Gowtham Aashirwad Kumar, Dr A Ravi Kumar","doi":"10.34218/ijm.11.1.2020.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34218/ijm.11.1.2020.003","url":null,"abstract":"In latest years era has attempted to fulfill its role in helping humanity leading to the good sized medium of interaction within the social world in addition to in teaching and learning. Over the years those in higher training has discover the exciting possibilities new technology carry to institutions, educators and students. Technology has modified the manner people have interaction and has brought about the emergence of an open social platform such as social media that allows the population of this planet earth to connect with each other making the sector a international village. Social media together with Face book, Twitter, Google Plus, and Flickr, are getting used in gaining knowledge of for the purpose of convenient communique with different college students and doubtlessly with others out of doors the class such as students of the same topic and subject experts. Web based life utilization among medicinal understudies has additionally seen enormous surge. It is giving therapeutic educationists new ideal models in instructing learning movement. A few situations currently supplement customary up close and personal preparing with web based life workshops, online little gathering work, and even one-on-one coaching. Such exercises in India are restricted right now albeit ongoing information have demonstrated evolving patterns.","PeriodicalId":319022,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Networks eJournal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127444817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-30DOI: 10.34218/ijaret.11.1.2020.011
Gayathri Denis, Dr. T. Krishna Kumar, Dr. S. Sasipriya, Mr. N. Karthikeyan
LinkedIn Talent Insights will enable enrollment specialists to look by aptitudes, area, and even school, social enlisting (otherwise called social procuring and web based life enlistment) is utilizing electronic life stages, for instance, Twitter and LinkedIn to expose occupations, find capacity, and talk with potential chooses about association culture. It is compelling for discovering latent applicants. This paper presents the Future trends in recruitment with SMAC – social, versatile, examination and cloud technology on one incorporated stack, where each capacity empowers another to augment their impact. This is the new endeavor IT model conveying an association that is increasingly connective, shared, continuous and profitable. The model is anticipated to improve business aggressiveness. The cooperative energy of all these four advancements develops advancement with low overheads and high reach. SMAC, is making another period where the conventional strategies are being supplanted by the cutting edge ones. So as to remain refreshed with current innovation and drive income through the computerized eco-space, SMAC is picking up stimulus making new position openings, reforming how trade happens and changing how rivalry influences the market.
{"title":"LinkedIn Talent Insights for Social Hiring in Hr Recruitment Using Data Mining Techniques Using Social, Mobility, Analytics, Cloud (SMAC) Architecture","authors":"Gayathri Denis, Dr. T. Krishna Kumar, Dr. S. Sasipriya, Mr. N. Karthikeyan","doi":"10.34218/ijaret.11.1.2020.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34218/ijaret.11.1.2020.011","url":null,"abstract":"LinkedIn Talent Insights will enable enrollment specialists to look by aptitudes, area, and even school, social enlisting (otherwise called social procuring and web based life enlistment) is utilizing electronic life stages, for instance, Twitter and LinkedIn to expose occupations, find capacity, and talk with potential chooses about association culture. It is compelling for discovering latent applicants. This paper presents the Future trends in recruitment with SMAC – social, versatile, examination and cloud technology on one incorporated stack, where each capacity empowers another to augment their impact. This is the new endeavor IT model conveying an association that is increasingly connective, shared, continuous and profitable. The model is anticipated to improve business aggressiveness. The cooperative energy of all these four advancements develops advancement with low overheads and high reach. SMAC, is making another period where the conventional strategies are being supplanted by the cutting edge ones. So as to remain refreshed with current innovation and drive income through the computerized eco-space, SMAC is picking up stimulus making new position openings, reforming how trade happens and changing how rivalry influences the market.","PeriodicalId":319022,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Networks eJournal","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124770184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper is an examination of adoption of distributed ledgers in financial services. We review more than one hundred initiatives and a large practitioner literature, considering fourteen areas of application and seven case studies, in order to provide both a conceptual analysis of these technologies and to review their current and prospective adoption in financial services. There are several component technologies applied in distributed ledger, many offering substantial commercial and operational benefits even applied outside of a distributed ledger and best viewed as part of the broader picture of ongoing digitalization of financial services using various data technologies. Our findings suggest that decision makers can take a pragmatic approach to distributed ledgers, not be concerned about this technology upending their business but be open to cross industry co-operation where this is strategically justified and to then adopt what works to improve outcomes for customers and other stakeholders. Overall, distributed ledgers and crypto assets, are really a distraction from the wider and more important issues of ongoing digitisation and automation of financial services. Data sharing and cross industry co-operation – as well as well as enlightened public policy to promote adoption of new technologies, competition and prudential and systemic safety – are crucial to this digital revolution. This does not depend on widespread adoption of distributed ledgers.
{"title":"Evolution or Revolution? Distributed Ledger Technologies in Financial Services","authors":"Anil Kavuri, A. Milne","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3527192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3527192","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is an examination of adoption of distributed ledgers in financial services. We review more than one hundred initiatives and a large practitioner literature, considering fourteen areas of application and seven case studies, in order to provide both a conceptual analysis of these technologies and to review their current and prospective adoption in financial services. There are several component technologies applied in distributed ledger, many offering substantial commercial and operational benefits even applied outside of a distributed ledger and best viewed as part of the broader picture of ongoing digitalization of financial services using various data technologies. Our findings suggest that decision makers can take a pragmatic approach to distributed ledgers, not be concerned about this technology upending their business but be open to cross industry co-operation where this is strategically justified and to then adopt what works to improve outcomes for customers and other stakeholders. Overall, distributed ledgers and crypto assets, are really a distraction from the wider and more important issues of ongoing digitisation and automation of financial services. Data sharing and cross industry co-operation – as well as well as enlightened public policy to promote adoption of new technologies, competition and prudential and systemic safety – are crucial to this digital revolution. This does not depend on widespread adoption of distributed ledgers.","PeriodicalId":319022,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Networks eJournal","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128079057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We present a model of a market failure based on a requirement provision by digital platforms in the acquisition of personal information from users of other products/services. We establish the economic harm from the market failure and the requirement using traditional antitrust methodology. Eliminating the requirement and the market failure by creating a functioning market for the sale of personal information would create a functioning market for personal information that would benefit users. Even though market harm is established under the assumption that consumers are perfectly informed about the value of their privacy, we show that when users are not well informed, there can be additional harms to this market failure.
{"title":"Antitrust and Restrictions on Privacy in the Digital Economy","authors":"N. Economides, I. Lianos","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3527818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3527818","url":null,"abstract":"We present a model of a market failure based on a requirement provision by digital platforms in the acquisition of personal information from users of other products/services. We establish the economic harm from the market failure and the requirement using traditional antitrust methodology. Eliminating the requirement and the market failure by creating a functioning market for the sale of personal information would create a functioning market for personal information that would benefit users. Even though market harm is established under the assumption that consumers are perfectly informed about the value of their privacy, we show that when users are not well informed, there can be additional harms to this market failure.","PeriodicalId":319022,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Networks eJournal","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133212071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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