The topic of natural convection in enclosures one of the most active areas in heat transfer research today’s Internet era. The identity theft through social media has become one of the fastest-growing crimes around the world. Most of the People are unaware of the amount transection of information, they disclose over all the internet services precede by search engines of social media, social networking sites, and free online tools. Through the literature review, the researcher has analyzed the current scenario of Identity Theft and online cyber-crimes on social Media. The Researcher has focused on suspicious frauds in the system of the Banking sector through online social media networking websites. This research has investigated identity theft and all other issues rose by this type of computer crime. The purpose of this study is to look deeply at the angle of Identity Theft on Social Media and social networking sites. Though social media is widely using by almost everyone in the audience this study will look into the audience who is using social media and they may have gone through the issue of an identity theft issue. The evolution of technology makes the work every easy, Now a days Money transactions have become very fast within one click. The misuse of information technology in the cyberspace is clutching up which gave birth to cybercrimes in the whole world. The key question in this research study is that what are the information security risks posed by social networking websites in general and Facebook in special? The researcher will use the qualitative method for this research and will try to explore the use of social media among the audience working in the banking sector and using the system of the Banking Sector in the capital city of Islamabad. The Researcher has conducted two in-depth interviews with bank professionals, one in a depth interview with an IT expert. This research has also provided the qualitative empirical support for social learning theories and the finding of this research has provided that IT usage and cybercrimes related to online banking in Pakistan both are at high risk.
{"title":"Identity Theft on Social Media for the System of Banking Sector in Islamabad","authors":"H. M. Salman","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3679244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3679244","url":null,"abstract":"The topic of natural convection in enclosures one of the most active areas in heat transfer research today’s Internet era. The identity theft through social media has become one of the fastest-growing crimes around the world. Most of the People are unaware of the amount transection of information, they disclose over all the internet services precede by search engines of social media, social networking sites, and free online tools. Through the literature review, the researcher has analyzed the current scenario of Identity Theft and online cyber-crimes on social Media. The Researcher has focused on suspicious frauds in the system of the Banking sector through online social media networking websites. This research has investigated identity theft and all other issues rose by this type of computer crime. The purpose of this study is to look deeply at the angle of Identity Theft on Social Media and social networking sites. Though social media is widely using by almost everyone in the audience this study will look into the audience who is using social media and they may have gone through the issue of an identity theft issue. The evolution of technology makes the work every easy, Now a days Money transactions have become very fast within one click. The misuse of information technology in the cyberspace is clutching up which gave birth to cybercrimes in the whole world. The key question in this research study is that what are the information security risks posed by social networking websites in general and Facebook in special? The researcher will use the qualitative method for this research and will try to explore the use of social media among the audience working in the banking sector and using the system of the Banking Sector in the capital city of Islamabad. The Researcher has conducted two in-depth interviews with bank professionals, one in a depth interview with an IT expert. This research has also provided the qualitative empirical support for social learning theories and the finding of this research has provided that IT usage and cybercrimes related to online banking in Pakistan both are at high risk.","PeriodicalId":319022,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Networks eJournal","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116836099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper introduces a formulation of the optimal network compression problem for financial systems. This general formulation is presented for different levels of network compression or rerouting allowed from the initial interbank network. We prove that this problem is, generically, NP-hard. We focus on objective functions generated by systemic risk measures under systematic shocks to the financial network. We conclude by studying the optimal compression problem for specific networks; this permits us to study the so-called robust fragility of certain network topologies more generally as well as the potential benefits and costs of network compression.
{"title":"Optimal Network Compression","authors":"H. Amini, Zachary Feinstein","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3677587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3677587","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a formulation of the optimal network compression problem for financial systems. This general formulation is presented for different levels of network compression or rerouting allowed from the initial interbank network. We prove that this problem is, generically, NP-hard. We focus on objective functions generated by systemic risk measures under systematic shocks to the financial network. We conclude by studying the optimal compression problem for specific networks; this permits us to study the so-called robust fragility of certain network topologies more generally as well as the potential benefits and costs of network compression.","PeriodicalId":319022,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Networks eJournal","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127764091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two-sided matching platforms can control and optimize over many aspects of the search for partners. To understand how matching platforms should be designed, we introduce a dynamic two-sided search model with strategic agents who must bear a cost to discover their value for each potential partner and can do so nonsimultaneously. We characterize evolutionarily stable stationary equilibria and find that, in many settings, the platform can mitigate wasted search effort by imposing suitable restrictions on agents. In unbalanced markets, the platform should force the short side of the market to initiate contact with potential partners, by disallowing the long side from doing so. This allows the agents on the long side to exercise more choice in equilibrium. When agents are vertically differentiated, the platform can significantly improve welfare even in the limit of vanishing screening costs by forcing the shorter side of the market to propose and by hiding information about the quality of potential partners. Furthermore, a Pareto improvement in welfare is possible in this limit. This paper was accepted by Baris Ata, stochastic models and simulation.
{"title":"Facilitating the Search for Partners on Matching Platforms","authors":"Yashodhan Kanoria, D. Sabán","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3004814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3004814","url":null,"abstract":"Two-sided matching platforms can control and optimize over many aspects of the search for partners. To understand how matching platforms should be designed, we introduce a dynamic two-sided search model with strategic agents who must bear a cost to discover their value for each potential partner and can do so nonsimultaneously. We characterize evolutionarily stable stationary equilibria and find that, in many settings, the platform can mitigate wasted search effort by imposing suitable restrictions on agents. In unbalanced markets, the platform should force the short side of the market to initiate contact with potential partners, by disallowing the long side from doing so. This allows the agents on the long side to exercise more choice in equilibrium. When agents are vertically differentiated, the platform can significantly improve welfare even in the limit of vanishing screening costs by forcing the shorter side of the market to propose and by hiding information about the quality of potential partners. Furthermore, a Pareto improvement in welfare is possible in this limit. This paper was accepted by Baris Ata, stochastic models and simulation.","PeriodicalId":319022,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Networks eJournal","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126266349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation model for appraising an investment in a solar photovoltaic plant which encompasses both operational and financial management. We illustrate the intricate network of logical relations among technical (estimated) variables and financial (decision) variables and show that establishing transparent links between the former and the latter enhances the accuracy and soundness of the model. The results indicate that understanding the conceptual and formal relations of operating variables and financial decisions is necessary for correctly measuring shareholder value creation and making rational decisions, even for those projects (such as solar energy projects) where the operating, technical component is of paramount importance. We show that a firm’s decision of replacing conventional energy with solar energy may be affected by managerial decisions regarding the firm’s payout/retention policy and its financing policy to support the project. The model discloses insights on how to fine-tune the financing and distribution decisions in order to maximize the value creation for shareholders. We apply the model to a real-life case and quantify the effect of financial decisions on the project’s net present value, showing that the financing and distribution policies may amplify or shrink the impact of changes in other inputs and may even revert an otherwise unprofitable project into a value-creating one.
{"title":"Impact of Financing and Payout Policy on the Economic Profitability of Solar Photovoltaic Plants","authors":"C. Magni, A. Marchioni, Davide Baschieri","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3799905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3799905","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation model for appraising an investment in a solar photovoltaic plant which encompasses both operational and financial management. We illustrate the intricate network of logical relations among technical (estimated) variables and financial (decision) variables and show that establishing transparent links between the former and the latter enhances the accuracy and soundness of the model. The results indicate that understanding the conceptual and formal relations of operating variables and financial decisions is necessary for correctly measuring shareholder value creation and making rational decisions, even for those projects (such as solar energy projects) where the operating, technical component is of paramount importance. We show that a firm’s decision of replacing conventional energy with solar energy may be affected by managerial decisions regarding the firm’s payout/retention policy and its financing policy to support the project. The model discloses insights on how to fine-tune the financing and distribution decisions in order to maximize the value creation for shareholders. We apply the model to a real-life case and quantify the effect of financial decisions on the project’s net present value, showing that the financing and distribution policies may amplify or shrink the impact of changes in other inputs and may even revert an otherwise unprofitable project into a value-creating one.","PeriodicalId":319022,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Networks eJournal","volume":"32 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134407337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Corinne Zellweger-Gutknecht, B. Geva, Seraina N. Grunewald
This research paper examines whether the European Central Bank (ECB) is entitled de lege lata to issue an electronic equivalent of paper‐based euro banknotes (e‐banknotes) and, if so, under what conditions such e‐banknotes might have legal tender status. To this end, Part 2 sets the stage by discussing the reasons that might motivate or even compel the ECB to issue an e-banknote and by analyzing whether an e‐banknote is a banknote by reference to general principles of law and financial practices. Part 3 examines which monetary policy objectives and tasks could be better fulfilled if an e‐euro were issued or, conversely, whether non‐issuance could in the future impair the fulfillment of the ECB’s mandate. Subsequently, Part 4 analyses the constitutional framework that empowers the ECB, within certain clear limits, to pursue the objectives set. This includes particularly the interpretation of the term ‘banknotes’ in Article 128 TFEU as well as the content and scope of selected basic tasks set out in Article 127 TFEU and mirrored in the Statute of the European System of Central Banks (ESCB) and of the ECB. The results are then weighed against the potential interests of third parties that could be affected by an e‐euro. Part 5 proceeds by discussing the design features that a functional equivalent of a paper banknote can and must exhibit in order to meet the previously defined objectives and constitutional limits. Part 6 explores the issue of architecture, i.e. the possible models of issuance. Part 7 concludes.
{"title":"THE ECB AND € E‐BANKNOTES – Could the ECB Issue an Electronic Equivalent of Paper-Based Euro Banknotes? Under Which Conditions Might Such ʹelectronic Banknotesʹ Have Legal Tender Status? Study Prepared Under the 2020 ECB Legal Research Programme 2020 (Topic 2)","authors":"Corinne Zellweger-Gutknecht, B. Geva, Seraina N. Grunewald","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3667057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3667057","url":null,"abstract":"This research paper examines whether the European Central Bank (ECB) is entitled de lege lata to issue an electronic equivalent of paper‐based euro banknotes (e‐banknotes) and, if so, under what conditions such e‐banknotes might have legal tender status. To this end, Part 2 sets the stage by discussing the reasons that might motivate or even compel the ECB to issue an e-banknote and by analyzing whether an e‐banknote is a banknote by reference to general principles of law and financial practices. Part 3 examines which monetary policy objectives and tasks could be better fulfilled if an e‐euro were issued or, conversely, whether non‐issuance could in the future impair the fulfillment of the ECB’s mandate. Subsequently, Part 4 analyses the constitutional framework that empowers the ECB, within certain clear limits, to pursue the objectives set. This includes particularly the interpretation of the term ‘banknotes’ in Article 128 TFEU as well as the content and scope of selected basic tasks set out in Article 127 TFEU and mirrored in the Statute of the European System of Central Banks (ESCB) and of the ECB. The results are then weighed against the potential interests of third parties that could be affected by an e‐euro. Part 5 proceeds by discussing the design features that a functional equivalent of a paper banknote can and must exhibit in order to meet the previously defined objectives and constitutional limits. Part 6 explores the issue of architecture, i.e. the possible models of issuance. Part 7 concludes.","PeriodicalId":319022,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Networks eJournal","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127835997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using data for over 600 households in 16 villages from Townsend Thai project, we find that the role of preexisting informal kinship networks in Thailand was enhanced following a quasi-formal village fund program in 2001. Transfers (gifts) among poor households play a crucial role in funding investment. This transfer mechanism and its role in investment were amplified for the poor households after the village fund, especially those with kinship ties. Moreover, we document a financial regime shift using maximum-likelihood estimation. Two exogenously incomplete regimes (saving only and lending/borrowing) dominated in the full sample and for the relatively poor before the village fund, but costly state verification, a less incomplete financial regime, dominates in the subsample of poor households following the village fund. The structurally-estimated cost of verification of the households with kinship is also significantly lower than the one without kinship after 2001, relative to before, suggesting the role of kinship was enhanced.
{"title":"Enhanced Informal Networks: Costly State Verification and the Village Fund Intervention","authors":"Hong Ru, R. Townsend","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3662808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3662808","url":null,"abstract":"Using data for over 600 households in 16 villages from Townsend Thai project, we find that the role of preexisting informal kinship networks in Thailand was enhanced following a quasi-formal village fund program in 2001. Transfers (gifts) among poor households play a crucial role in funding investment. This transfer mechanism and its role in investment were amplified for the poor households after the village fund, especially those with kinship ties. Moreover, we document a financial regime shift using maximum-likelihood estimation. Two exogenously incomplete regimes (saving only and lending/borrowing) dominated in the full sample and for the relatively poor before the village fund, but costly state verification, a less incomplete financial regime, dominates in the subsample of poor households following the village fund. The structurally-estimated cost of verification of the households with kinship is also significantly lower than the one without kinship after 2001, relative to before, suggesting the role of kinship was enhanced.","PeriodicalId":319022,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Networks eJournal","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127537319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The dynamic technology junction of Cryptocurrency and Privacy pose several implications to the existing economic and legal regulations. The present work intends to take up an economic analysis of the laws relating to Cryptocurrency in the context of Privacy. The concept of money and development of fiat currency with role of banking industry leads one to understand the background of Cryptocurrency basis, therefore a segment on the historic perspective of money, development of fiat money and role of banking industry as an intermediary are added in the present work. The technology of Blockchain used in Cryptocurrency transaction transmits the existing monetary regulations across the globe thereby challenging the financial systems. The economics of Cryptocurrency has generated sufficient interest and the present work surveys such interest.
The most comprehensive regulation on Privacy and Data protection having a global impact is the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (EUGDP), which took effect in May 2018. The EUGDP Regulations by giving much needed importance and protection to the individual’s data privacy and security have altered the functionality of the Data driven companies such as Facebook, Google and others. The work takes a brief note of issues such as data controller and data processor identification, territorial and cross-border data transfer issues, legitimate bases for processing personal data and individual’s privacy rights as some of necessary compliance under the EUGDP Regulations that interact with the blockchain technology used under Cryptocurrency transactions. The conclusion suggests the need for economic analysis of laws relating to Cryptocurrency and Privacy for their intrinsic economic value.
{"title":"Cryptocurrency and Privacy: Economic Analysis of Law","authors":"G. Nath","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3661287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3661287","url":null,"abstract":"The dynamic technology junction of Cryptocurrency and Privacy pose several implications to the existing economic and legal regulations. The present work intends to take up an economic analysis of the laws relating to Cryptocurrency in the context of Privacy. The concept of money and development of fiat currency with role of banking industry leads one to understand the background of Cryptocurrency basis, therefore a segment on the historic perspective of money, development of fiat money and role of banking industry as an intermediary are added in the present work. The technology of Blockchain used in Cryptocurrency transaction transmits the existing monetary regulations across the globe thereby challenging the financial systems. The economics of Cryptocurrency has generated sufficient interest and the present work surveys such interest.<br><br>The most comprehensive regulation on Privacy and Data protection having a global impact is the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (EUGDP), which took effect in May 2018. The EUGDP Regulations by giving much needed importance and protection to the individual’s data privacy and security have altered the functionality of the Data driven companies such as Facebook, Google and others. The work takes a brief note of issues such as data controller and data processor identification, territorial and cross-border data transfer issues, legitimate bases for processing personal data and individual’s privacy rights as some of necessary compliance under the EUGDP Regulations that interact with the blockchain technology used under Cryptocurrency transactions. The conclusion suggests the need for economic analysis of laws relating to Cryptocurrency and Privacy for their intrinsic economic value.","PeriodicalId":319022,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Networks eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129059934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Most research on financial systemic stability assumes an economy in which banks are subject to exogenous shocks, but in practice, banks choose their exposure to risk. This paper studies the determinants of this endogenous risk exposure when banks are connected in a financial network. I show that there exists a network risk-taking externality: connected banks’ choices of risk exposure are strategically complementary. Banks in financial networks, particularly densely connected ones, endogenously expose to greater risks. Furthermore, they choose correlated risks, aggravating the systemic fragility. Banks, however, do have incentives to form networks to protect their charter values. The theory yields several novel perspectives on policy debates.
{"title":"Endogenous Risk-Exposure and Systemic Instability","authors":"Chong Shu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3076076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3076076","url":null,"abstract":"Most research on financial systemic stability assumes an economy in which banks are subject \u0000to exogenous shocks, but in practice, banks choose their exposure to risk. This paper studies \u0000the determinants of this endogenous risk exposure when banks are connected in a financial \u0000network. I show that there exists a network risk-taking externality: connected banks’ choices \u0000of risk exposure are strategically complementary. Banks in financial networks, particularly \u0000densely connected ones, endogenously expose to greater risks. Furthermore, they choose \u0000correlated risks, aggravating the systemic fragility. Banks, however, do have incentives to \u0000form networks to protect their charter values. The theory yields several novel perspectives on \u0000policy debates.","PeriodicalId":319022,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Networks eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129548464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract We study the effects of an intervention aimed at identifying and containing outbreaks in a network model of contagion where social distance is endogenous. The intervention induces a fall in the risk of contagion, to which agents respond by reducing social distance. If the intervention relies on infrequent or inaccurate testing, this crowding out effect may fully offset the intervention’s direct effect, so that the risk of contagion increases. In these circumstances, we show that “slow” interventions – which allow the outbreak to spread to immediate neighbors before being contained – may generate higher ex-ante welfare than “fast” ones and may even “crowd in” social distance. The theory thus identifies a trade off between (i) the swiftness of the intervention and (ii) the scope for crowding out. Simulations on a real world network confirm that the infection rate is not necessarily monotonically decreasing in the accuracy of the intervention and that slow interventions may outperform fast ones for intermediate levels of accuracy.
{"title":"Social Distance, Speed of Containment and Crowding In/Out in a Network Model of Contagion","authors":"Fabrizio Adriani","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3652359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3652359","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We study the effects of an intervention aimed at identifying and containing outbreaks in a network model of contagion where social distance is endogenous. The intervention induces a fall in the risk of contagion, to which agents respond by reducing social distance. If the intervention relies on infrequent or inaccurate testing, this crowding out effect may fully offset the intervention’s direct effect, so that the risk of contagion increases. In these circumstances, we show that “slow” interventions – which allow the outbreak to spread to immediate neighbors before being contained – may generate higher ex-ante welfare than “fast” ones and may even “crowd in” social distance. The theory thus identifies a trade off between (i) the swiftness of the intervention and (ii) the scope for crowding out. Simulations on a real world network confirm that the infection rate is not necessarily monotonically decreasing in the accuracy of the intervention and that slow interventions may outperform fast ones for intermediate levels of accuracy.","PeriodicalId":319022,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Networks eJournal","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133858591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Panama Papers are eleven million leaked electronic documents that detail financial and attorney–client information for more than two hundred thousand offshore entities. The documents were leaked in April 2016 by an anonymous whistle-blower from the database of Panamanian law firm and corporate service provider Mossack Fonseca. In this case study, we discuss how a team of international network of journalists collaborated using data mining tools to unearth vital financial fraud information from this large chunk of unstructured data. The case study begins with a prologue of dialogue between the whistle-blower and protagonist. The case is divided into nine mini chapters where we start with how a data team were formed followed by the tools used to clean and annotate the unstructured data into a graph-based database and finally using expert network of journalists to generate financial insights from the various nodes and links of the graph. We conclude the case by providing word clouds that highlights Indian connections.
{"title":"Panama Papers: How Data Science Fought Corruption","authors":"M. Mukhopadhyay, Kaushik Ghosh","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3644821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3644821","url":null,"abstract":"The Panama Papers are eleven million leaked electronic documents that detail financial and attorney–client information for more than two hundred thousand offshore entities. The documents were leaked in April 2016 by an anonymous whistle-blower from the database of Panamanian law firm and corporate service provider Mossack Fonseca. In this case study, we discuss how a team of international network of journalists collaborated using data mining tools to unearth vital financial fraud information from this large chunk of unstructured data. The case study begins with a prologue of dialogue between the whistle-blower and protagonist. The case is divided into nine mini chapters where we start with how a data team were formed followed by the tools used to clean and annotate the unstructured data into a graph-based database and finally using expert network of journalists to generate financial insights from the various nodes and links of the graph. We conclude the case by providing word clouds that highlights Indian connections.","PeriodicalId":319022,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Networks eJournal","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128498982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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