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Kewajiban Pencatatan Nikah dalam Tinjauan Qiyas dan Kepastian Hukum 婚姻记录的义务在Qiyas的审查和法律上是明确的
Pub Date : 2022-12-28 DOI: 10.31538/adlh.v7i2.2642
Endri Nugraha Laksana
Abstract: Apparently, quite a lot of marriage actors do not register their marriages. In fact, the provisions for registration of marriages have been regulated in Article 2 of Law No. 1/1974, paragraph 2 which expressly states that every marriage is recorded according to the applicable laws and regulations. From this it can be understood that marriage registration is an integral part that determines the validity of a marriage. More detailed rules regarding marriage registration are regulated in Government Regulation No. 9 of 1975 and the Compilation of Islamic Law. The reality is that many Indonesian citizens do not register their marriage with the Marriage Registrar (PPN). Marriages that are carried out are usually only assumed to have fulfilled the demands of their religion, even though they did not meet the demands of the state administration. One of the reasons is because of the indecisiveness of the marriage registration law. This is often corroborated by religious leaders' fatwas supporting unregistered marriages. This paper reinforces the law of marriage registration from the point of view of the Shari'a and the legislation in force in Indonesia. Based on qiyās, then the legal registration of marriage is obligatory as it is recorded in accounts payable (Q.S. Al-Baqarah: 282). From the laws in force in Indonesia, it takes courage to get out of the dichotomy of interpretation of Article 2 of Law No.1 of 1974 by using six juridical arguments as a reference.  Religious experts, morally, must also support the registration of marriages. In addition, it is necessary to come up with new regulations to improve Law No. 1 of 1974, which has been in force for 48 years in Indonesia. The draft Law on Material Law for Religious Courts is a hope for a more integral and perfect marriage law in Indonesia.    
摘要:显然,相当多的婚姻行为者不登记结婚。事实上,第1/1974号法律第2条第2款规定了关于婚姻登记的规定,其中明确指出,每一桩婚姻都应根据适用的法律和条例进行记录。由此可以理解,婚姻登记是决定婚姻有效性的重要组成部分。关于婚姻登记的更详细规则载于1975年第9号政府条例和《伊斯兰法汇编》。现实情况是,许多印度尼西亚公民不向婚姻登记处登记他们的婚姻。执行的婚姻通常只被认为满足了他们的宗教要求,即使他们没有满足国家行政部门的要求。其中一个原因是婚姻登记法的不确定性。宗教领袖支持未登记婚姻的教令经常证实了这一点。本文从伊斯兰教法和印尼现行立法的角度对婚姻登记法律进行了强化。根据qiyās,那么合法的婚姻登记是必须的,因为它记录在应付帐款中(Q.S. Al-Baqarah: 282)。从印度尼西亚的现行法律中,我们需要勇气,以六个司法论据作为参考,跳出对1974年第1号法律第2条解释的二分法。宗教专家在道德上也必须支持婚姻登记。此外,有必要制定新的法规,以完善在印度尼西亚实施了48年的1974年第1号法。《宗教法庭物权法》草案是对印度尼西亚婚姻法更加完整和完善的希望。
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引用次数: 0
The Concept of Impeachment in The Indonesia's Constitutional System From The Perspective of Fiqh Siyasah 印尼宪法制度中的弹劾概念——以菲格·西亚萨为视角
Pub Date : 2022-12-25 DOI: 10.24042/adalah.v19i2.14289
Anita Marwing, Asni Asni, Widia Astuti
This study discusses the Siyasah Fiqh Review of the concept of Impeachment in the Indonesian State Administration. The aim is to find out and understand the mechanism for impeachment/dismissal of the President or Vice President in Indonesia's constitutional system as stipulated in Articles 7 a and 7 b of the 1945 Constitution and the fiqh siyasa perspective on these rules. This research belongs to normative legal research that uses normative, juridical, and historical approaches. Data were collected using literary techniques, then analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. The results of this study indicate that the practice of impeaching the President in the past occurred more often due to political issues, namely the disputes between the legislature and the executive regarding the issue that the President had violated the law. In the past two impeachment proceedings, there has been no precise regulation regarding the impeachment mechanism of the President in the country's Constitution. After the amendment, the issue of impeachment was adopted in Articles 7A and 7B of the 1945 Constitution. Article 7A limits the grounds for impeachment, while Article 7B complicates impeachment by the presence of a judicial institution. From the perspective of Fiqh,siyasa, the head of State's impeachment can be carried out if it meets the criteria and reasons that Syara has determined'
本研究讨论了印尼国家行政机关弹劾概念的Siyasah Fiqh审查。目的是找出并了解1945年宪法第7条a款和第7条b款所规定的印尼宪法制度中弹劾/解职总统或副总统的机制,以及fiqh siyasa对这些规则的看法。这项研究属于规范法律研究,使用规范、司法和历史的方法。使用文献技术收集数据,然后进行描述性和定性分析。本研究结果表明,过去弹劾总统的做法更多是由于政治问题,即立法机关与行政机关就总统是否违法问题发生争执。在过去的两次弹劾程序中,我国宪法并没有对总统的弹劾机制作出明确规定。在修改宪法后,1945年宪法第7A条和第7B条规定了弹劾问题。第7A条限制了弹劾的理由,而第7B条因司法机构的存在而使弹劾复杂化。从Fiqh的角度来看,如果符合Syara确定的标准和理由,就可以对国家元首进行弹劾。”
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引用次数: 0
The Role of Masturah Da'wah in Forming a Sakinah Family in The Jamaat Tablighi of Manado City Manado市Jamaat Tablighi中Masturah Da'wah在形成Sakinah家庭中的作用
Pub Date : 2022-12-25 DOI: 10.24042/adalah.v19i2.11268
Naskur Bilalu, Wira Purwadi, Syahrul Mubarak Subeitan
This paper discusses the formation of the sakinah family through the role of da'wah Masturah, a Jamaat Tablighi's program, namely da'wah efforts among women. Because the task of reviving religion lies not only on men but also on women, a sakinah family will be formed when every family member is obedient to Allah SWT. This study aims to determine the role of da'wah Masturah in forming a sakinah family in Jama'ah Tablighin Singkil District, Manado City. This research is field research with a qualitative nature whose data is collected through observation, interviews, and documentation related to the focus of research on the Jama'ah Tablighin Singkil District, Manado City. The results of this study show that da'wah Masturah is very influential in forming a sakinah family in Jama'ah Tabligh in Singkil District, Manado City. There are 3 (three) indicators that da'wah Masturah plays an important role in forming a sakinah family: First, every family member is obedient in carrying out religious orders; Second, husband and wife understand their rights and obligations; and; Third, children are expected to be a pious and/or pious generation
本文讨论了通过达瓦·马斯图拉(da'wah Masturah)的作用,即达瓦在妇女中的努力,sakinah家庭的形成。因为复兴宗教的任务不仅落在男人身上,也落在女人身上,所以当每个家庭成员都服从安拉时,一个sakinah家庭就会形成。本研究旨在确定da'wah Masturah在Manado市Singkil区Jama'ah tablighing形成sakinah家庭中的作用。本研究是具有定性性质的实地研究,其数据是通过观察、访谈和与马纳多市Singkil区Jama'ah Tablighin研究重点相关的文件收集的。本研究结果表明,在万鸦老市Singkil区Jama’ah tabigh地区,da’wah Masturah对sakinah家族的形成具有重要影响。da'wah Masturah在形成sakinah家庭中发挥重要作用有3个指标:第一,每个家庭成员都服从执行宗教命令;二是夫妻双方了解各自的权利和义务;和;第三,孩子们被期望成为虔诚和/或虔诚的一代
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引用次数: 0
Zhihar Contextualization in Indonesia: an Anthropo-Linguistic Study 印尼智哈尔语境化:一项人类语言学研究
Pub Date : 2022-12-25 DOI: 10.24042/adalah.v19i2.14040
Azmi Siradjudin, Ibnu Akbar Maliki
The law of zhihar (equating wife to her mother) is closely related to Arabic culture, where the Qur'an was revealed. In Indonesia, zhihar law cannot be enforced because of social norms differences. This article examines the contextualization of zhihar in Indonesia. The aim is to examine the meaning of zhihar in the Qur’an which is then applied in the context of Indonesian culture. Specifically, the contextualization includes the use of language in the zhihar which is then linked to the existing cultural context. This research is purely a literature study using qualitative methods. The approach used is the sociology of language, or more specifically it can be called the anthropo-linguistic approach. The results of the study show that respect is deeply embedded in family life in Indonesia. This means that the husband may equate his wife with his mother-in-law; But not forbid himself against his wife, only to praise and respect her. From the perspective of the sociology of language, this compliment is a reflection of cultural values that have long lived in Indonesian society. The mufassirs (the commentators of al-Qur'an) stated that this action is not zhihar because the lafadz zhihar requires the intention to forbid husband and wife relations. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct an in-depth study dealing with the axiological value of the law of zhihar in the Qur'an which is linked to socio-cultural aspects.
“知哈法”(将妻子等同于母亲)与《古兰经》的发源地阿拉伯文化密切相关。在印度尼西亚,由于社会规范的差异,zhihar法无法执行。本文考察了印尼智哈尔的语境化。目的是研究古兰经中知哈的含义,然后将其应用于印度尼西亚文化的背景下。具体来说,语境化包括在《志哈》中使用语言,然后将其与现有的文化语境联系起来。本研究为纯文献研究,采用定性方法。所使用的方法是语言社会学,或者更具体地说,它可以被称为人类语言学方法。研究结果表明,尊重深深植根于印度尼西亚的家庭生活中。这意味着丈夫可以将妻子等同于岳母;但并没有禁止自己反对妻子,只有赞美和尊重她。从语言社会学的角度来看,这种赞美是印尼社会长期存在的文化价值观的反映。穆法西尔(《古兰经》的注释者)说,这种行为不是知哈,因为拉法兹知哈要求有禁止夫妻关系的意图。因此,有必要对《古兰经》中知哈律的价值进行深入的研究,因为它与社会文化方面有着密切的联系。
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引用次数: 1
Legal Protection for Children Out of Wedlock: Ensuring the Best Interests of Children Through Judge Decisions 非婚生子女的法律保护:通过法官的判决确保儿童的最大利益
Pub Date : 2022-12-25 DOI: 10.24042/adalah.v19i2.11761
Rohmawati Rohmawati, Syahril Siddik
This article examines the protection of the rights of children out of wedlock in the Religious Courts. The ambiguity of the concept of the best interests of the child has prompted judges to interpret this concept to realize legal protection for children out of wedlock. This study reveals the application of the principle of best interests for children by Religious Court judges in protecting children out of wedlock. This study uses a case approach and legal philosophy. The results of this study indicate that the Religious Courts, in determining the origin of children, generally protect the rights of children out of wedlock proportionally. In the best interests of the child, the judges grant recognition of the child and provide a limited legal relationship for an illegitimate child with his biological father. The existence of this legal relationship has provided legal certainty regarding the status of children out of wedlock as biological children of both parents; so that the children have human dignity (hifẓ al-‘irḍ). In addition, judges have realized distributive justice that provides benefits for children out of wedlock, without ignoring the norms of Islamic law regarding the purity of lineage, through the granting of living rights for the survival of children (hifẓ al-nafs), spiritual development (hifẓ al-din), education a proper will (hifẓ al-'aql), and a mandatory will from his father (hifẓ al-māl).
本文探讨了宗教法庭对非婚儿童权利的保护。儿童最大利益概念的模糊性促使法官对这一概念进行解释,以实现对非婚生子女的法律保护。这项研究揭示了宗教法院法官在保护非婚儿童方面对儿童最大利益原则的应用。本研究采用案例方法和法律哲学。这项研究的结果表明,宗教法院在确定儿童的出身时,一般按比例保护非婚生儿童的权利。为了儿童的最大利益,法官承认儿童,并为私生子与其生父提供有限的法律关系。这种法律关系的存在为非婚子女作为父母双方亲生子女的地位提供了法律上的确定性;这样孩子们就有了人的尊严(hifal - ' irra)。此外,法官还实现了分配正义,即在不忽视伊斯兰法律关于血统纯洁性的规范的情况下,为未婚子女提供福利,通过授予儿童生存(hifal -nafs)、精神发展(hifal -din)、教育(hifal - aql)和父亲的强制性遗嘱(hifal al-māl)等生命权。
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引用次数: 0
Tahlil Marriage Among the Sasak Tribe of Lombok Based on Maqashid Al-Shari’ah Perspective and Its Relevance to Compilation of Islamic Law 基于Maqashid Al-Shari 'ah视角的龙目岛萨萨克族的塔利尔婚姻及其与伊斯兰教法编纂的关联
Pub Date : 2022-12-25 DOI: 10.24042/adalah.v19i2.14495
Zainal Arifin H. Munir, Lalu Muhammad Nurul Wathoni, Lalu Supriadi Bin Mujib, H. Dahri
This study examines the practice of Tahlil Marriage carried out in several sub-districts in East Lombok Regency. Tahlil marriage or Cine Bute or muhallil is carried out as a condition that reconciliation between ex-husband and ex-wife who has been divorced is permissible. Tahlil Marriage (Cine Bute) in the Sasak community is carried out secretly without authorization from the Office of Religious Affairs. This research is classified as qualitative research with an empirical normative approach. Data were collected using observation, interview and documentation techniques and were analyzed through the perspective of Maqasid al-Shari’ah and Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI). This research found that Tahlil marriage in East Lombok Regency was divided into three forms: common marriages, contractual marriages, and common marriages initiated by contract marriages. In the view of Maqasid al-Shari'ah, the Tahlil marriages carried out by the Sasak tribe do not fulfill the aspects of dharuriyya, hajjiyat and tahsiniyyat. Among the factors that influence the Tahlil marriages performed by the Sasak tribe are the ease of divorce, the lack of public legal awareness, the low level of public education, the lack of understanding of religion and the weakness of law enforcement.
本研究考察了在东龙目岛几个街道开展的Tahlil婚姻实践。Tahlil婚姻或Cine Bute或muhallil是作为允许离婚的前夫和前妻和解的条件进行的。萨萨克族的Tahlil婚姻(Cine Bute)是在未经宗教事务局授权的情况下秘密进行的。本研究被归类为定性研究与经验规范的方法。采用观察法、访谈法和文献法收集数据,并通过《伊斯兰教法汇编》(Maqasid al-Shari 'ah)和《伊斯兰教法汇编》(KHI)的视角进行分析。本研究发现,东龙目岛的塔利尔婚姻分为三种形式:普通婚姻、契约婚姻和由契约婚姻发起的共同婚姻。在Maqasid al-Shari'ah看来,Sasak部落实行的Tahlil婚姻不符合dharuriyya、hajjiyat和tahsinyat的各个方面。影响萨萨克部落塔利尔婚姻的因素包括离婚容易、公众缺乏法律意识、公众教育水平低、对宗教缺乏了解以及执法不力。
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引用次数: 0
Legal Certainty of Arbitration in The Settlement of Islamic Economic Civil Cases in The Perspective of Positive Law in Indonesia 印度尼西亚成文法视角下伊斯兰经济民事案件仲裁的法律确定性
Pub Date : 2022-12-25 DOI: 10.24042/adalah.v19i2.14384
Usep Saepullah
One of Law enforcement efforts can be conducted through a non-litigation approach. In this, arbitration can be seen as a non-litigation legal effort and can be used to resolve Islamic economic civil cases. So far, arbitration law effort has been regulated in the Law Number 30 of 1999 and is widely used in the law enforcement practices. This study uses a normative-juridical method and a qualitative approach. The sources and techniques of data collection refers to the number of relevant literatures, and also analyzed deductively and inductively. The results of this study show that legal certainty of arbitration in the settlement of Islamic economic civil cases in the perspective of positive law in Indonesia that regulated in regulated in the Law Number 30 of 1999 has proven to be quite effective in resolving Islamic economic civil cases. The benefit of Islamic economic civil cases settlement through arbitration is the parties have the same position in the form of equality before the law, the process is easy, not expensive, and a win-win solution. Moreover, arbitration can also guarantee legal certainty and justice for the disputing parties.
其中一项执法工作可以通过非诉讼方式进行。在这方面,仲裁可以被视为一种非诉讼的法律努力,可以用来解决伊斯兰经济民事案件。到目前为止,仲裁法的努力已在1999年第30号法律中得到规范,并广泛应用于执法实践。本研究采用规范-法律方法和定性方法。数据收集的来源和技术参考了相关文献的数量,并进行了演绎和归纳分析。本研究的结果表明,印度尼西亚1999年第30号法律规定的成成法视角下的伊斯兰经济民事案件仲裁的法律确定性在解决伊斯兰经济民事案件中被证明是相当有效的。通过仲裁解决伊斯兰经济民事案件的好处是当事人以法律面前平等的形式具有相同的立场,过程简单,费用不高,而且是双赢的解决方案。此外,仲裁还可以保证争议双方的法律确定性和公正。
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引用次数: 0
Price Changes in A Limited Time in Home Shopping Program on RTV Television Media From The Perspective of Islamic Law 伊斯兰教法视域下RTV电视媒体家庭购物节目有限时间内的价格变动
Pub Date : 2022-12-25 DOI: 10.24042/adalah.v19i2.10316
F. Arianti, Sri Yunarti
This study aims to examine the views of Islamic law on price changes in a limited time in the Home shopping program on RTV television media and the implications for buying and selling activities in the program. This type of research is field research using a phenomenological approach. The data collection used observation techniques on RTV television social media and YouTube promo shows for home shopping products. The study results concluded that product sales in the home shopping program contain an element of uncertainty (gharar) by mixing prices over time; because the product is sold at a discount, that price is added to other goods at a specific price, which is an additional bonus. This activity causes the price to change from the price of the initially offered item and then added to the bonus item that must also be paid. This price is only valid for a short period, and then, after the promotion time is up, the price of the item being sold returns to the pre-discount price so that the selling price of the product offered is unclear (gharar) and contains an element of speculation which is not permitted in Islamic teachings.
本研究旨在探讨伊斯兰教法对RTV电视媒体家庭购物节目在有限时间内价格变化的看法,以及对节目中买卖活动的影响。这种类型的研究是使用现象学方法的实地研究。数据收集采用RTV电视社交媒体和YouTube家庭购物产品的促销节目的观察技术。研究结果表明,家庭购物计划中的产品销售包含不确定因素(gharar),因为价格随时间变化而变化;因为产品是以折扣价出售的,所以这个价格会以特定的价格添加到其他商品中,这是额外的奖励。此活动导致价格从最初提供的道具的价格更改,然后添加到必须支付的奖励道具中。这个价格只在短时间内有效,然后,促销时间结束后,正在出售的物品的价格返回到折扣前的价格,因此所提供产品的销售价格是不明确的(gharar),并且包含了伊斯兰教义中不允许的投机元素。
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引用次数: 0
Reasons For the Permission of Replacement of Wakaf Assets (Istibdal Waqf) in Indonesian Regulations: An Interpretative Study 印尼法规允许置换瓦卡资产的原因:解释性研究
Pub Date : 2022-12-25 DOI: 10.24042/adalah.v19i2.14423
Musthafa Musthafa, Luqman Bin Hj Abdullah, Nurhidayah Binti Pauzi
Government regulations regarding the implementation of istibdal waqf (replacement of waqf assets) aim to ensure the benefit of waqf assets, so they can last longer and be utilized according to their designation. Unfortunately, an explanation of the reasons for the permissibility of istibdal waqf in Government Regulation 42 of 2006 concerning the Implementation of Law No. 41 of 2004 concerning waqf is not found in the regulation. This obscurity can confuse understanding the reasons for the regulation's permissibility of istibdal waqf. This study aims to explain the reasons for the permissibility of istibdal waqf in the regulation. Thus, from the results of this study, a complete understanding can be obtained dealing with the permissibility of istibdal waqf and preventing the emergence of differences in understanding that can harm waqf assets. This research is classified as library research using a legal interpretation approach. This study found that the reason for the permissibility of istibdal waqf in point an in article 49 (2), Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia. No. 42 of 2006 concerning the Implementation of Law Number 41 of 2004 concerning Waqf refers to Government Regulation No. 19 of 2021 concerning the Implementation of Land Procurement for Public Interests. At the same time, the explanation for the permissibility of istibdal waqf in point b relates to waqf assets that cannot be used or utilized following the waqf pledge. Furthermore, the permissibility of istibdal waqf in point c relates to waqf assets that can still be used or utilized.
政府关于实施istibdal waqf(置换waqf资产)的规定,旨在确保waqf资产的效益,使其能够更长时间地使用,并根据其指定进行使用。遗憾的是,关于实施2004年关于waqf的第41号法律的2006年第42号政府条例中没有对允许伊斯兰waqf的原因作出解释。这种模糊性可能会使人们难以理解法规允许独立waqf的原因。本研究的目的是解释法规中允许非法行为的原因。因此,从本研究的结果中,可以得到一个完整的理解处理的可容许性,防止理解差异的出现,损害waqf资产。本研究被归类为使用法律解释方法的图书馆研究。这项研究发现,允许立法的理由在第49(2)条,印度尼西亚共和国政府条例第1点。关于执行关于Waqf的2004年第41号法律的2006年第42号法律指的是关于实施公共利益土地采购的2021年第19号政府法规。与此同时,b点中关于允许设立法定资产的解释涉及在质押后不能使用或利用的法定资产。此外,在c点中是否允许存在独立waqf与仍然可以使用或利用的waqf资产有关。
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引用次数: 0
SISTEMATIKA HUKUM ISLAM DI INDONESIA
Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.47435/al-ahkam.v4i2.1216
S. Sapriadi, Hamzah Arhan, Andi Alauddin, Siti Nur Zihrana
Karakteristik hukum Islam Indonesia dominan diwarnai oleh kepribadian Arab (arab oriented) dan lebih lekat kepada tradisi mazhab Syafi’i. Menata sistem hukum nasional yang menyeluruh dan terpadu dengan mengakui dan menghormati hukum agama dan hukum Adat serta memperbaharui perundang-undangan warisan kolonial dan nasional yang diskriminatif, termasuk ketidak adilan pemenuhan hak dan ketidak sesuaiannya dengan tuntutan reformasi melalui legislasi. Hukum Islam dapat di jadikan sumber utama dalam pembentukan hukum nasional di Indonesia. Pemberlakuan hukum Islam secara formal yurdis sebenarnya telah berlangsung di Indonesia hanya saja hukum Islam yang berlaku masih bersifat parsial yaitu hukum keperdataan Islam “hukum keluarga (ahwal al-syakhsiyyah)” khususnya seperti perkawinan, kewarisan, perwakafan, dan perbankan syariah. Dalam penerapan hukum Islam di Indonesia bukan hanya di dalam hukum keperdataan namun segala linik aspek hukum nasional. Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah penelitian pustaka (library research) dimana penelitian yang menekanka pada penelusuran dan penelaahan sumber-sumber tertulis dan bahan bacaan lain yang ada kaitannya dengan tema pembahasan.  
印尼伊斯兰法律的主要特征是阿拉伯人(东方阿拉伯人),更接近沙菲传统。通过承认和尊重宗教和部落法,恢复歧视性的殖民和民族遗产法,包括权利不公正和通过立法不一致的改革要求,建立一个全面和统一的国家法律体系。伊斯兰法律可以成为印尼国家法律形成的主要来源。伊斯兰法律的正式执行实际上发生在印度尼西亚,只有部分的伊斯兰法律仍然有效,即伊斯兰的“家庭法”(ahwal al- syakhsiyah),特别是婚姻、遗产、卖淫和伊斯兰银行等。在印尼实行伊斯兰法律不仅是童贞法,而且是国家法律的所有方面。至于这篇文章中使用的方法是图书馆研究,该研究强调与讨论主题相关的书面资源和其他阅读材料。
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引用次数: 2
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Al Adalah Jurnal Hukum Islam
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